亞開行-2023年亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化報(bào)告：亞洲和太平洋的貿(mào)易、投資和氣候變化

ASIANASIANECONOMICINTEGRATIONASIANECONOMICINTEGRATIONknueMandaluyongCityMetroManilaPhilippinesTelFax362444ISBN978-92-9270-031-7(print);978-92-9270-032-4(electronic);978-92-9270-033-1(ebook)PublicationStockNo.TCS230031-2DOI:/10.22617/TCS230031-2ThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.Byusingthecontentofthispublication,youagreetobeboundeadtheprovisionsandtermsofuseat/terms-use#openaccess.utedheRussianFederationandVietnamasVietNam.AllmastheadphotosarefromADB. 1.RegionalCoopeRationfoRtRansfoRmativeeConomiCReCoveRy 1 2.tRadeandglobalvalueChains 18RecentTrendsinAsia’sTrade 18 entions 3.CRoss-boRdeRinvestment 57RecentTrendsinForeignDirectInvestment 57 dations 4.finanCialCoopeRation 89SpecialTopic:TheIssueofDollarDependenceinFinancingandTradeInvoicing 103 5.movementofpeople 111Migration 111 ivContents6.updatesonsubRegionalCoopeRationinitiatives 156IntegrationIndexEstimatesforSubregionalInitiatives 156 eme 7.themeChapteR:tRade,investment,andClimateChangeinasiaandthepaCifiC 193Introduction 193exus e ImpactofIndustrialStructureandTechnique 202ForeignDirectInvestmentImpactonEnvironmentalOutcomes 207 ion ces zingtheEnvironmentalContentofInternationalInvestmentAgreements m 8.statistiCalappendiX 263RegionalGroupings 263ns MethodologicalNoteandUpdateAEIRCrossBorderInvestmentFirmLevelData 266tablesntstionsexesmberndthePacificfiguResacificicePacificnficiescyldvelivitystinHighYieldIndexes92VolatilityIndex94pedSpreadsmiesmergingAsiaomiestDollarmsrceyRegionononionboXespPacificengInstrumentsxtediesalbertparkChiefEconomistandDirectorGeneraltBanknhendrantsteandsCO2mviationsxvGTM&AMOUMVNOO2TECO2WTOtntgleseioduemalestlydlightsaicrkicighlightsslationandgrowingenvironmentalnonedDInanalsxxiiHighlightsesctndet11RegionalCooperationfortransformativeeconomicRecoveryoutlookmodest.reentandtourismtthsTheGovernmentoftheRussianFederationreportedlysoughtareviewofthedealinSeptember2022(BlandandClyne2022).0200-20-302019Q12019Q42020Q12020Q22020Q32020Q42021Q12021Q42022Q12022Q2rnd3005020002019Q12019Q22019Q32019Q42020Q12020Q22020Q32020Q42021Q12021Q2021Q32021Q42022Q12022Q2desArmeniaAustraliaBangladeshCambodiasiaMongoliainathePhilippinestheandVietNam.Thedatarefertonetdirectinvestmentliabilities(i.e.,foreignplacementsnetofforeignwithdrawals).yended200 0–502019Q1Q2020Q12020Q22020Q32020Q42021Q12022Q12022Q22022Q3btsecurities(a)Averagestatutorycorporateincometaxrate(%,perannum)0400200200020102021AfricaAsiaandthePacific EuropeanUnionleEastNorthAmerica(b)Newinvestmentincentivesbytype(2011–2021,number)LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanAsiaandthePacificAfrica050100150200Mar2020MayJul2020Nov2020Mar2020MayJul2020Nov2020Mar2020MayJul2020Nov2020ov3003002507,0006,0005,0002004,0003,0001002,0000000000apAsiatoApr2020Jul2020Oct2020Apr2022Oct2022AprApr2020Jul2020Oct2020Apr2022Oct2022Apr2020Jul2020Oct2020Apr2022Oct2022–80–3020701201702022YTD2021e8060408060402002000es2n0.60.50.40.30.20.10.0200620072008200920102012013201420062007200820092010201201320140152016017201820192020Tradeandinvestment ologyanddigitalconnectivityInfrastructureandconnectivityInstitutionalarrangementsEnvironmentalcooperation OverallindexdbraheoseADBcalculationsusingdatafromOECD.Carbondioxideemissionsembodiedininternationaltrade(TECO)dataset. valuechain valuechaincooperation0.64interationinterationgcooperation0.6integrationvaluechainnstitutionalInfrastructurenstitutionalconnectivityPeopleandsocialintegrationTradeandinvestmentintegrationectivityInstitutionalectivityarrangementectivityPeopleandsocialintegrationEUAfricaSoutheastAsiaSouthAsiaTradeandinvestmentintegration.4n.4nectivityPeopleandsocialintegrationr2022).ea90806040200200820082008CarbonintensiveindustriesNon-carbonintensiveindustriesaOceaniaCllemTradeinterdependenciesarehigherforAsianomiesinpersonalprotectiveequipmentandNorthAmerica.dvaccineprimaryvaccinestoragevaccinevariablesppetestKitsvaccinesingredientspackaginganddistributionadministrationExport-0.116***-0.015-0.006-0.047***-0.047***-0046***-0.009partner[0.017][0.017][0.034][0.015][0.011][0.015][0.010]RTA0.043*0.101**0.090***0.082***0.060***0.010[0.025][0.023][0.051][0.023][0.023][0.023][0.022]Importpartner0.050***0.019-0.0200.008-0.039***-0.019-0.042***COVID-19[0.010][0.016][0.035][0.008][0.007][0.011][0.014]RTA0.016-0.030-0.0330.067***0.070***0.11***likelihoodPseudoR[0.022][0.024][0.03][0.02][0.022][0.025] Observations86,40028,80086,40028,800eee0.200.180.160.140.120.100.080.060.040.020.0020142015201620172018201920202021mLssdfgfslBnntsCptppdepadea(+)(-)[]cleismorerehensive2[5]3s[6]4[8])[14.6](+)[9]5)[14.6](+)[9]5](+)[2.2](+)[10](-)[2.5]892.6][8.4](-)[17](+)[4.2]-)[14.8](-)[4.2]-)[14.8]14Submarinetelecommunicationscable[25](-)[26](+)[9.4][27](+)[28][29]andconformityassessmentfordigitaltrade[30][8.2][32]]14]Bnecrbesdc2022).dOctober2022).lysTOhtm.2siaandthePacificbWorld20151050 –10–15–202001200520092013201720212050 –10–15–20200120052009201320172021embersCenadequipmentcommoditygroupcontributedmosttotheeconomy’ss50ElectricalmachineryMechanicalappliancesVehicles300OrganicchemicalsPharmaceuticalproductsArticlesofironorsteel051015202530Feb2018Apr2019Jun2020Aug2021Oct2022 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40StandardizedindustrialproductionindexStandardizedtradeStandardizedtradevalue/volume64-42015201720192021-4APimportvalueofcapitalgoods(left)APimportvolumeofcapitalgoods(left)APindustrialproductionindex(right)productionproductionindex4Standardizedindustrial-Standardizedindustrial-6-8s2022).erade8006004002019911996200120062011201620218006004002020052007200920112013201520172019cexclPRCEUUKNorthAmericadeinl20.723.843.341.941.541.51990200020102020202120052010201520182019omdeinIntraregionaltradelinkagesstrengthenedinthePacificandOceaniain2021.figure2.9:intraregionaltradesharesbyasiansubregion(%)2020200020202000202020002020200020202000020406080100ionAsia’sglobalvaluechainandregionalvaluechainlinkagesstrengthenedin2021.gthallgoods(1)(2)(3)(4)Distance***–0.21***–0.20***–0.20***(.0051)(0.0054)(0.0053)1)(0.045)(0.055)(0.060)(0.047)(0033)(0035)(0037)(0.032)(0.036)(0.036)(0.072)(0.042)(0.083)(0.052)(0.085)(0.042).075)(0.0483)ste20002007200820092020200020080920002007200820092020200020080920DE 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