Unit6英語被動語態(tài)專題課件-人教版英語九年級全冊

ThePassiveVoiceWhatdoesshedoeveryday？Shewaterstheflowerseveryday.Theflowersarewatered

(byher)

everyday.Sydneyisvisitedbymanytouristseveryyear.《飄》ThebookwaswrittenbyMargaretMitchell.GonewiththewindTheumbrellaisusedforkeepingofftherain.ThelightwasinventedbyThomasEdison.

Anncantakegoodcareof

thecats

．Thecats

canbetakengoodcareof

byAnn.Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.(一)語態(tài)分類

英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動)漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：

be+done過去分詞變化規(guī)則：規(guī)則/不規(guī)則(1)一般情況下,在動詞后加ed構成：work/worked,stay/stayed,shout/shouted等.(2)在以-e結尾動詞后只加d：close/closed,like/liked,live/lived,smile/smiled等.(3)以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,應將y改為i再加-ed：study/studied,carry/carried等.(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母動詞,要雙寫末尾的輔音字母再加-ed：stop/stopped,admit/admitted,refer/referred,prefer/preferred等.

被動語態(tài)的用法：when?

1、當不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時；

2、沒有必要或不想指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時；

3、只需強調(diào)動作的承受者時。

e.g.(1)TrainsaremadeinZhuzhou.(2)EnglishisspokeninCanada.(3)ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.

助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞e.g.1.TheymaketrainsinZhuzhou.(主動語態(tài))

Trains__________inZhuzhou.(被動語態(tài))

2.Thefarmersgrowcottoneveryyear.Cotton_______bythefarmerseveryyear.

3.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

English__________bymanypeople.aremadeisgrownisspoken被動語態(tài)的構成：bedone(be

有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化)(二)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化

主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時： 一般過去時： 一般將來時：

含有情態(tài)動詞 現(xiàn)在進行時： 過去進行時： 現(xiàn)在完成時： 過去完成時：

［注］被動語態(tài)沒有將來進行時和過去將來進行時。

am/is/are+donewas/were+done

shall/will+bedone

can/must+bedone

am/is/are+being+done

was/were+being+done

have/has+been+done

had+been+done

1.一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)的構成：

1.Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouse____________byher.

isoftencleanedareplantedam/is/are+動詞的過去分詞

2.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear.Trees_________byusinspringeveryyear.

2.一般過去時被動語態(tài)的構成：

e.g1.Theybuiltthehouselastyear.Thehouse_________lastyear.

wasbuiltweretakenwas/were+動詞的過去分詞2.Miketookthesephotosinthepark.Thesephotos_________byMikeinthepar

have/has+been+V(p.p.)1.Hehasinvitedallhisfriendstohisparty.Allhisfriendshavebeeninvitedtohisparty.2.Thethiefhasstolenallthemoney.Themoneyhasbeenstolenbythethief.3.現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的構成：

abird,catch,bytheboyAbirdhasbeencaughtbytheboy.Adog,examine,threetimes,bythedoctorAdoghasbeenexaminedthreetimesbythedoctor.myleg,biteMyleghasbeenbitten.myfoot,cutMyfoot

hasbeencut.

twosingerstars,invite,partyTwosingerstarshavebeeninvitedtothiscity.4.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：e.g1.Theymustbuildahotelinthetown.Ahotel__________bytheminthetown.

mustbebuilt

情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞

用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)和語態(tài)填空：1.Sandy____________(think)tobethebeststudentinhisclass.2.Thechildren__________(take)goodcareofinthekindergarden3.Thisbook_________(cost)youtenyuan.4.Thisbook______________(mustreturn)tothelibraryontime.5.TheChineseCommunistParty___________(found)inJuly,1921.

isthoughtaretakencostmustbereturnedwasfounded5.一般將來時：

willbedone(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.

Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.5.現(xiàn)在進行時：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.

Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.

Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.過去進行時：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.

Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.

Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.被動語態(tài)的使用1.當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by短語。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.當漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時，這時常用in+名詞作狀語，而代替by短語。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語→

I

wasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.語態(tài)轉換時所注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯誤)2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell

等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.

2.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞

for,如：

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing

等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

3.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補足語，也就是說不定式作主語補足語不存在省略to的問題。

Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.4.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：

(1)Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

對比：Thebookssellwell.(主動句)

Thebooksweresoldout.(被動句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動句)

Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被動句)5.下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：

感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.

6.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結構來表示，例如：

1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.據(jù)說……Itissaidthat…據(jù)報導……

Itisreportedthat…據(jù)推測……

Itissupposedthat…希望……

Itishopedthat…眾所周知…Itiswellknownthat…普遍認為…Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…有人建議…Itissuggestedthat…ChangethefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice1.TheymakeTVsetsinthatfactory.2.NorthwestChinagrowsthebestcotton.3.TheyusethisroomforplayingPingpong.4.Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.

TVsets

aremadeinthatfactory

ThebestcottonisgrowninNorthwestChina.ThisroomisusedforplayingPingpongThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.5.Themanagermadethemwork10hoursaday.6.Chinah