普茨泵車akmgb液壓基礎(chǔ)

液壓基礎(chǔ)課程培訓(xùn)中心2006年秋Thebasicprinciplesofconcretepumphydraulics

混凝土泵的液壓基礎(chǔ)Basicprinciples:pressuredistrbution基本概念:壓力分布Speedvariations各種速度Laminar/turbulentflow層流與紊流Mainpumpunit:Inlineconstruction主泵總成:串聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)Pistonpump:Axialpistonvariable-displacementpump柱塞泵:軸向柱塞變量泵Components組成元件Variabledisplacementpump變量泵Fixedtype定量泵Gearpump:Internallygeared內(nèi)齒合齒輪泵Externallygeared外嚙合齒輪泵Valves:Springpreloadedreturnflowvalve閥:具有彈簧預(yù)應(yīng)力的單向閥pressurelimitingvalve限壓閥Directionalvalves方向閥Directionalvalvefunction方向閥的控制功能Namingconventions名稱術(shù)語Monobloc:Generation7第7代液壓鎖Circuitdiagramm液壓油路圖Accumulators蓄能器Chargestates充壓狀態(tài)Thebasicprinciplesofconcretepumphydraulics

混凝土泵的液壓基礎(chǔ)Cylinders液壓油缸Hydraulicmotor液壓馬達(dá)Hydraulicfluid液壓油Filters油過濾器High-pressureboomfilter布料桿高壓油過濾器Mainpumpsuctionfilter主泵的吸油過濾器Pressuregauge液壓表Appliedhydraulics實(shí)例Closedloop閉式回路Symbols:Variouspieceparts符號:各種元件Thebasicprinciplesofconcretepumphydraulics

混凝土泵的液壓基礎(chǔ)Thebasicprinciplesofconcretepumphydraulics

混凝土泵液壓基礎(chǔ)Pumpandactuators泵及執(zhí)行元件Flowandpressurecontrolvalves流量與壓力控制閥Directionalvalves方向控制閥Valveactuators閥的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)Sampleexercices練習(xí)例子Contents

目錄Basicprinciples基本原理 Components液壓元件

Pumps油泵 Valves閥 Monobloc液壓鎖 Accumulators蓄能器 Cylinders液壓油缸 Motors液壓馬達(dá) Hydraulicfluid液壓油 Filters油過濾器 Pressuregauge液壓表

Applied

hydraulics液壓的應(yīng)用Openandclosedloop開式回路和閉式回路Basicprinciples:Pressuredistribution

基本概念:壓力分布Partoftheenergyinasystemwithflowingliquidsislostduetofrictionandthepressuredrops.在一個(gè)具有流動(dòng)液體的系統(tǒng)中,由于有摩擦力,要損失掉一部分的能量,從而使壓力降低Thepressureofastaticliquidisdistributedinalldirectionsinaclosedsystem.

在一個(gè)封閉的系統(tǒng)中,靜止流體的壓力，在各個(gè)方向上是均勻分布的Basicprinciples:Speedvariations

基本概念:各種不同的流速

Thesamevolumemustbemovedinthesametimeperiod在相同時(shí)間內(nèi)必須流過相同的體積Thespeedoftheliquidalsochangesifthediameterisaltered如果直徑改變,流體的速度也會(huì)發(fā)生變化highspeed=lowpressure速度高=壓力低lowspeed=highpressure速度低=壓力高Basicprinciples:Laminarandturbulentflow

基本概念:層流與紊流Laminarflow層流Criticalarea臨界范圍Turbulentflow紊流smoothwalls管壁表面光滑nosharpchangesofdirection沒有急劇的方向變化roughwalls管壁表面粗糙sharpchangesofdirection急劇地改變流動(dòng)方向Mainpumpunit:inlineconstruction

主泵單元:串聯(lián)連接方式

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Mainpumpwith feedpump主泵帶補(bǔ)油泵128 Accumulatorpump (pistonpump, adjustable)恒壓泵(柱塞泵,可調(diào)節(jié))129 Agitatorpump (gearpump)攪拌器泵(齒輪泵)Driveshaft驅(qū)動(dòng)軸127128129Pistonpump(1):Axialpistonvariable-displacementpump

柱塞泵(1):軸向柱塞泵

Feedpump補(bǔ)油泵

HDC-regulator液動(dòng)排量控制-調(diào)節(jié)器Tiltingbox斜盤

Controlbox油口控制板(配流盤）Pistonpump(2):Components

柱塞泵(1):組成元件Pistons柱塞桿Pistonshoe柱塞滑靴Tiltingbox斜盤Pressureplate回程壓力板Pressurespring偏動(dòng)彈簧Cylinderdrum柱塞缸體Pistonhole活塞孔Shaftbore軸孔Driveshaft驅(qū)動(dòng)軸Suctionside(intake)進(jìn)油端(入口)Deliveryside(outlet)出油端(出口)Controlbox配流盤negativeangle負(fù)角Highpressure高壓Lowpressure低壓Suctionside吸油Returnline回油Pistonpump(3):Variable-displacementpump活塞泵(3):調(diào)節(jié)泵positiveangle正角HP高壓LP低壓Suctionside吸入口Pistonpump(4):Fixedtype

柱塞泵(4):固定彎角定量泵Axialpistonpumpwithtiltingbox帶斜盤的軸向柱塞泵constantstroke恒定的沖程constantdelivery恒定的泵送功率Deliveryside輸出口Suctionside吸入口Gearpump(1):internallygeared

齒輪泵(1):內(nèi)嚙合齒輪Deliveryside輸出口Suctionside吸入口Thehydraulicfluidisconveyedinthegapsbetweentheteeth液壓油是在齒輪組成的間隙中被輸送出去的Gearpump(2):externallygeared

齒輪泵(2):外嚙合齒輪泵Deliveryside輸出口Suctionside吸入口Thehydraulicfluidisconveyedinthegapsbetweentheteeth液壓油是在齒輪組成的間隙中被輸送出去的Valves(1):Springpreloadedreturnflowvalve

閥(1):具有彈簧預(yù)應(yīng)力的單向閥Returnflowvalveclosed單向閥關(guān)閉Returnflowvalveopen單向閥打開PTThehydraulicfluidcanonlyflowinonedirection液壓油只能朝著一個(gè)方向流動(dòng)Valves(2):Pressurelimitingvalves

閥(2):限壓閥Limitsthesystempressureinthehydrauliccircuit限定了液壓回路中的系統(tǒng)壓力Open打開Closed關(guān)閉Directionalvalvescanbeactuatedasfollows:方向控制閥可用以下方式進(jìn)行操作

hydraulically液壓控制

electricallybymagneticcoil通過電磁線圈由電氣控制

manually手動(dòng)操作

bysprings通過彈簧Valves(3):Directionalvalves

閥(3):方向控制閥Manually-actuateddirectionalvalves手動(dòng)控制方向閥Hydraulicdirectionalvalve液壓控制方向閥Directionalvalvescontrolthedirectionofthehydraulicfluidflow方向控制閥控制著液壓油的流動(dòng)方向Valves(4):Directionalvalvefunction

閥(4):方向閥的功能Channel油口通道Spring復(fù)位彈簧Valvepiston閥芯Hydrauliccontrolfluid液壓控制油Valvebody閥體Valves(5):Namingconventions

閥(5):名稱術(shù)語Directionalvalvesaredescribedby方向控制閥的命名有以下內(nèi)容:thenumberofports油口的數(shù)量thenumberofswitchingpositions切換控制工位的數(shù)量A4/2

(4stroke2)valvehas一個(gè)二位四通閥具有4portsA,B,PandT4個(gè)接口A,B,P和T2switchingpositions2個(gè)切換控制工位ABABPTTPABABTPPTMonoblock(1):Generation7

液壓鎖(1):第7代Porttopump與泵相連的接口(St)Porttotank與油箱相連的接口(T)porttoboomcylinder與布料桿油缸相連接的接口(Z)Measuringport測試表接口(M)Pilotline(VSt)先導(dǎo)控制油路(VST)Monobloc(2):Circuitdiagram

液壓鎖(2):液壓圖Rod-sidemonobloc有桿腔一側(cè)的液壓鎖Base-sidemonobloc無桿腔一側(cè)的液壓鎖Accumulators(1)

蓄能器Tostorehydraulicenergy用于儲(chǔ)存液壓能Chargedbyapump由油泵來充入壓力油Instantenergydischarge能量瞬間釋放Accumulators(2):Chargestates

蓄能器(2):充壓狀態(tài)Empty排空Precharged預(yù)充壓力Charged充入壓力油CAUTIONAlwaysdumppressurebeforeworkingonpartsconnectedtotheaccumulator危險(xiǎn)!!!在與蓄能器相關(guān)的部位作業(yè)時(shí),始終要先釋放蓄能器壓力Cylinders

油缸Thebase-sideareaislargerthantherod-sidearea.活塞無桿腔一側(cè)的面積大于有桿腔一側(cè)的面積Hydraulicmotor

液壓馬達(dá)Availableas:結(jié)構(gòu)形式有:Gearmotors齒輪馬達(dá)

Pistonmotors柱塞式液壓馬達(dá)Hydraulicfluid

液壓油Hydraulicfluidtransmitsenergy液壓油傳遞能量Specifications:技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù):ViscosityHLP46黏度HLP4660°Coperatingtemperature工作溫度攝氏60°90°Cmaximumtemperature最高工作溫度攝氏90°Additivesallowthefluidtobeadaptedforvariousdifferentfieldsofapplication加入不同添加劑的油品可以應(yīng)用于各種不同的場合Filters(1)

油過濾器(1)Filterpaperswithpores帶微孔的過濾紙Screens篩網(wǎng)Severallayersmadeofporousmaterialsuchas由下列材料組成的多層多孔滲透材料Fiberglass玻璃纖維Cellulose纖維素reinforcedbyawiregrille用金屬網(wǎng)加以強(qiáng)化Surfacefilters表面濾油器Depthfilters深層濾油器Filters(2):High-pressureboomfilter

油過濾器(2):布料桿高壓過濾器Contaminationindicator濾芯污染顯示器Thefluidmustbeatoperatingtemperaturefortheindicatortooperatecorrectly.為使指示正確,液壓油必須在工作溫度范圍內(nèi)Filters(3):Mainpumpsuctionfilter

油過濾器(3):主泵的吸油過濾器Thefluidmustbeatoperatingtemperaturefortheindicatortooperatecorrectly.為使指示正確,液壓油必須在工作溫度范圍內(nèi)Contaminationindicator(Vacuummeter)濾芯污染顯示器(真空表)Pressuregauge

壓力表Threepressuregaugesarelocatedoneachconcretepump:在每臺(tái)混凝土泵上都有3個(gè)壓力表400barforhighsystempressure400bar用于系統(tǒng)高壓250barforaccumulatorpressure250bar用于蓄能器壓力60barforcontrolpressure60bar用于控制壓力Combinedmeteringportsonthemainpump在主泵上裝有測試用的壓力表接口Appliedhydraulics

液壓的應(yīng)用Openloop開式回路Closedloop閉式回路Appliedhydraulics:Closedloop

液壓的應(yīng)用:閉式回路Cylinder液壓油缸Alternatingvalve雙向梭閥Pressurelimitingvalve(highpressure)限壓閥（高壓）Mainpump:twoconveyingdirections,adjustableoutput主泵:可二個(gè)方向輸出油,排量可調(diào)節(jié)Returnflowvalve止回單向閥Feedpump:oneconveyingdirection,constantoutput補(bǔ)油泵:一個(gè)泵送方向，恒定的泵送排量Reservoir油箱Symbols(1):Variouspieceparts

符號(1):各種元件Workingline工作管路Controlline控制管路Lineconnection管路連接點(diǎn)Hose軟管連接Assemblyframe裝配套件Lineconnection管路連接Plug堵頭Reservoir油箱Accumulator蓄能器Filter油過濾器Radiator油冷卻器Pressuregauge壓力表Flowmeter流量表Symbols(2):Pumpsandactuators

符號(2):泵和執(zhí)行元件Pump,130mloutputperrevolution泵,每轉(zhuǎn)排量為130ml

Pump,twoconveyingdirections,constantstroke泵,雙向定量泵 Pump,twovariabledisplacementconveyingdirections 雙向變量泵

Electricmotor

電動(dòng)機(jī)

Hydraulicmotor液壓馬達(dá)Singleactioncylinder(plunger)單作用活塞缸(擺缸)Doubleactioncylinder雙作用活塞缸Flowdirection流動(dòng)方向Adjustable,variable變量,可調(diào)節(jié)Referencenumber

(componentnumberinthehydrauliccircuitdiagram)關(guān)聯(lián)號(在液壓回路圖中的元件號)Referencetopagenumberinelectricalcircuitdiagram參考電氣圖中的頁碼130125.y4Symbols(3):Flowandpressurecontrolvalves

符號(3):流量/壓力控制閥Manualshut-offvalve手動(dòng)截止閥Volumecontrolthrottle控制流量的節(jié)流器Variablethrottle可調(diào)節(jié)流器Returnflowvalve止回單向閥Presetreturnflowvalve