九年級(jí)英語語法定語從句專題復(fù)習(xí)

定語從句專題復(fù)習(xí)定語從句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,whose（—般指人），that（指人或物），which（指物）等。關(guān)系副詞有：when（時(shí)間），where（地點(diǎn)），why（原因）等。（1）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。who，whom，that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou他就是你想見的人嗎（who/that在從句中作主語）Heistheman（whom/that）Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（whom/who/that在從句中作saw的賓語,可以省略）whose用來指人或物，（只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同ofwhich互換），例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose/ofwhichcover（封面）isgreen.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。which，that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：Rosalikesmusicthat/whichisquiteandgentle.（which/that在句中作賓語）Thisisthebook（that/which）I'mlookingfor.（which/that在句中作lookfor的賓語）（2）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。when，where，why關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：DoyourememberthedaywhenIsawyou（你還記得我見到你的那一天嗎）Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎t(yī)hat代替關(guān)系副詞that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。（3）判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判斷改錯(cuò)（錯(cuò)）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（錯(cuò)）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（對(duì)）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.（對(duì)）I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where，when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1：IsthismuseumyouvisitedafewdaysageA.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2：Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1D；例2A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumisyouvisitedafewdaysago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到賓語的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而句2中，主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因inthemuseum詞組，可用介詞in+which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,that,which,whose；先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點(diǎn)狀語，when時(shí)間狀語，why原因狀語）。（4）介詞+關(guān)系詞介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。that前不能有介詞。某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when和where互換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.DoyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclubDoyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub（7）關(guān)系代詞that的用法①不用that的情況在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。Thetree,which（不能用that）isfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.介詞后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhich（不能用that）wegetourfood.②只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that,不用which。先行詞有theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí)，只用that。先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。舉例：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問題。（a）Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.（a）那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。Thisisthebagmymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.thisIsthisthefactoryalotofstudentsvisitedyesterdayA.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whomIsthistheshopsellschildren'sclothingA.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.whatThehotelduringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.A.westayedatB.wherewestayedatC.westayedD.inthatwestayed5.Pleaseshowmethebookyouboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this6.Theman_nexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomliveB.whichliveC.wholivesD./7.Thegirl__anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom'ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging8.I'llneverforgettheyearsIlivedinthecountrywiththefarmershasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who9.I'llrememberthetimewespenttogetherinthecountry.A.thatB.whenC.duringwhichD.atwhich10.Idon'tbelievethereasonhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.A.whyB.thatC.howD.whatWillyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuildingstandsnearthepostoffice.A./B.inwhichC.thatD.whereThelastplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itHetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whenThereisnodictionaryyoucanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat將下列兩個(gè)簡單句合并成帶定語從句的復(fù)合句Thebridgehasbeenrebuiltnow.Itwasbuiltin1959.Sheisgoingtothetown.Idonotknowthetown.Hedidnotattendthemeeting.Hetoldmethereason.Thetrainstartedat4:50.Imissedit.Themedicinewasquitehelpful.Dr.Ligavehimit.Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermylittlebrother.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Wesawitthenightbefore.Theplanewaslate.ItwasgoingtoTibet.Thestudentstudiesveryhard.Herfatherisaworker.Heisthemostcarefulboy.Iknowhim.Theneck