高考英語詞匯構(gòu)詞法集萃

高考英語詞匯構(gòu)詞法集萃一.轉(zhuǎn)化法即兼類詞，在不同的語境中，名詞動用，動詞名用等。例如：Cookwasthefirsttomaptheeastcoast.庫克是第一個畫東部海岸地圖的人。...theybeachedtheshipontheshorewheretheycouldrepairthedamage..他們把船靠岸，在那里進行修理。InJulytheysetsailagainandheadedsouthandwestinsearchofanewland.再如下列例子中畫線部分均為兼類詞。Thehousecanhousemanypeople.這房子可以住下好多人。Themountainareasinthesouthareheavilyforested.南部山區(qū)森林茂密。Hehadabadheadacheandneededquiet.他頭痛得厲害，需要安靜。二.合成法英語的合成詞有合成形容詞，合成名詞，合成動詞，合成副詞，合成代詞等。合成名詞raincoat,wheelchair,earthquake,seaweed,necklace,etc.合成形容詞world-wide,world-famous,well-known,low-lying,man-made,warm-hearted,life-long,wide-open,etc.合成動詞underline,whitewash,overthrow,dumbfound,etc.合成副詞however,maybe,wherever,whenever,beforehand,etc.合成代詞himself,everyone,nobody,something,etc.三。派生法亦稱詞綴法或綴合法，這是三種構(gòu)詞法中最活躍的一種，大約有三分之二的英語單詞都是用這種方法構(gòu)成的。因此，掌握一些常用派生詞的構(gòu)詞規(guī)律對于我們正確拼寫單詞和在閱讀中猜詞能力的培養(yǎng)就顯得尤為重要。在英語的派生詞中，詞根決定詞的根本意義，前綴改變詞義，后綴引起詞類的改變（個別后綴還會改變詞義）。如：a-后跟名詞或動詞，常構(gòu)成表語形容詞，有些也可作副詞用如：alone,aside,ahead,aloud,“in-“在“m”之前變體為“im-“，在“l(fā)”之前作“il-”，在“r”之前作“ir-“；“non-“和“en-“則常加在名詞或形容詞之前。但前者所構(gòu)成的詞仍然是名詞或形容詞，而后者卻構(gòu)成了動詞?！皍n-“常用于動詞或形容詞之前。其派生詞仍為動詞或形容詞。有時候，，你在閱讀中會碰到既有前綴又有后綴的派生詞，只要你確認(rèn)它的詞根，你就可以猜到它的含義。如：independent,disorderly,inattention,rebroadcast,non-communism,nonconductor,undeveloped,intercultural,unrealizable.unrecognizable,etc.前綴派生詞前綴意義例詞a-n./v在……上；向……；在……狀態(tài)中asleep,alone,ahead,afraid,alive,aloud,aside,awake,etc.dis-v.否定，disappear,dislike,disagree,discover,disappoint,etc.in-,il-,im-,ir-+adj.不，非incorrect,impolite,impossible,illegal,irregular,etc.

mis-v.誤mistake,misunderstand,mislead,misread,etc.re-v.重復(fù)，再rewrite,retell,reunite,rebuild,remarry,etc.non-+n./adj.非，無，不non-stop,non-smoker,non-smoking,etc.un-adj不unsafe,unable,unhealthy,unknown,unfair,er-+n./adj.在內(nèi)，相互，之間international,inter-factory,etc.en-n.adj.置于……之中，使之……enjoy,encourage,enlarge,enable,etc.micro-n.微，小microcomputer,etc.mini-n.小，少minibus,miniskirt,etc.后綴派生詞后綴意義例詞名詞v.-er/or表人或用具farmer,baker,visitor,cooker,cutter,etc.n.-ese某國，某地人Chinese,Japanese,Portuguese,etc.n.-ian某國，某地人；某種職業(yè)或地位的人musician,Egyptian,Asian,Russian,etc.n.-ist某種主義或職業(yè)者artist,scientist,communist,etc.v.-ment行為或其狀態(tài)government,movement,achievement,etc.adj.-ness性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)illness,sadness,carelessness,etc.v.-tion行為，狀態(tài)invention,liberation,organization,etc.v./adj.-ance/enceimportance,appearance,absence,existence,difference,performance,presence,etc.n.-th性質(zhì)，情況depth,length,width,etc.n.-ful（滿的）量handful,spoonful,mouthful,etc.adj.-abilitypossibility,disability,etc.形容詞n.-al屬于……的physical,national,political,etc.n.-an屬于某地方的American,African,Italian,etc.n.-ern方向及性質(zhì)southern,northern,eastern,western,etc.n.-ful/less（沒）有……的helpful,useful,hopeful,harmful,careless,homeless,hopeless,etc.n.-ble具有……性質(zhì)的reasonable,terrible,changeable,etc.n.-ishfoolish,English,Spanish,selfish,etc.v.-ive有……傾向的active,expensive,attractive,etc.n.-y多……的cloudy,windy,dirty,snowy,stormy,etc.n.-en由……制成的golden,wooden,woolen.etc.n.-ous有（性質(zhì)）的famous,dangerous,poisonous,etc.動詞-fybeautify,satisfy,terrify,etc.-izeapologize,realize,recognize,etc.-en使變得……thicken,deepen,widen,etc.副-lybadly,truly,angrily,