初中時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)講義(中考真題練習(xí)及答案)

#初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)I.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1）表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作， 常與表示頻度的副詞（always,often,usually,everyday等）連用。例：Heoftengoesswimminginsummer.他夏天經(jīng)常游泳。2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例：Myfatherisverybusy.我父親很忙。3）表示主語(yǔ)具備的性格、特征和能力等。例：Mysisterisalwaysreadytohelpothers.我妹妹總是樂(lè)于助人。4）表示客觀真理，客觀存在，自然現(xiàn)象。例：ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中國(guó)東部。5）在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。（主將從現(xiàn)）例：I'lltellhimthenewswhenhecomesback.他回來(lái)時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。2.動(dòng)詞的第三人稱詞尾變化：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需加 -s或-es:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)一般在詞尾加-splayplays以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的詞passpasses加-es,讀/iz/,如果動(dòng)詞原形fixfixes詞尾已有e,則只加-Soteachteacheswishwishesdodoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先studystudies變y為i,再加-es讀/z/。carrycarries注意：動(dòng)詞have的第三人稱單數(shù)是has.寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。1.cook2.watch3.build4.have5.wash6.enjoy7.go8receive9cry10.close11.drive12.choose13.play14.reach鞏固練習(xí)：1、Lucylikesgoingskatingwithherfriends. （改寫(xiě)成否定句）2、Hiswatchcosts300yuan.（變成一般疑問(wèn)句并否定回答）II.一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法1）表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,justnow,theotherday,in1982等連用。例：Wheredidyougojustnow?剛才你上哪兒去了？2）表示在過(guò)去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例：WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.鞏固練習(xí)：1、YesterdayIwentswimming.（改寫(xiě)成否定句。 ）2、HewasborninShanghai.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）3我昨天買了一輛新自行車。2.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的規(guī)則變化：構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed,lookplayworklookedplayedworked結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞在末尾加-dlikelivelikedlived詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉甘節(jié)，此輔音字母，再加-edplanstopplannedstopped詞尾是“輔音字母+y”的動(dòng)詞，先變"y"為"'再加-edstudyworryStudiedWorried寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式。put2.drink3.cry4.pull5.ride6.begin7.sit8.run9.take10.sweepstop12.die13.prefer一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：will+動(dòng)詞原形（在疑問(wèn)句中，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞 shall）:表示將來(lái)某時(shí)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例：Shallwegotothezoo?我們要去動(dòng)物園嗎？begoingto+不定式，表示按計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？表示確信如此或有跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。be+V-ing,表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。注意：常見(jiàn)的有come,go,arrive,leave等。例：I'mleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。鞏固練習(xí)：Mrs.Brownisgoingtobuyadigitalcamera.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）SamwillvisitBrazilnextweek.（變成一般疑問(wèn)句并否定回答）他們今晚要去看足球賽。IV.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

2.動(dòng)詞V-ing的構(gòu)成形式規(guī)則原形-ing形式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-inglistenspendlisteningspending以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,再加-inghavepreparehavingpreparing以重讀閉甘節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ingsitbeginrunsittingbeginningrunning以ie為重讀首節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,把i改為y,再加-ingliedielyingdying以er結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，先雙寫(xiě)r,再加-ing；反之,則直接加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。1、win2、relax3、jump4、make5、have6、talk7、tie8、cheer3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：（1）表示現(xiàn)在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例：Wearewaitingforyounow.我們正在等你。鞏固練習(xí)：1、BruceoftenwriteslettersinEnglish.（用now改寫(xiě)句子）2、Theyaresurfing.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）3、瞧，那些孩子們玩的真高興!4、這些天工人們一直在盡力修補(bǔ)那些壞了的帳篷用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。UncleWangusually(go)toworkbybike.Bequiet!Thepatient(sleep).3、Look,anumberofYoungPioneers(plant)treesoverthere.V.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（--ing）.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：（1）表示在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常與確切的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例：Atthismomentyesterday,Iwaspackingforcamp.鞏固練習(xí)：1、Maryadresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makesVI.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞.寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式：bringcatchdofindeatgetforgetcutpayknowbuyseecomesleepspendtell.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法（1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，終止于過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。句中動(dòng)詞通常是短暫性動(dòng)詞。例如：Haveyouevercookedathome?你吃晚飯了嗎？Youhavealreadygrownmuchtaller.你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)高了許多。（2）表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在， 并可能延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：for+一段時(shí)間；since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。（Since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度），提問(wèn)用Howlong.例如：Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他參軍五年了。TheyhavelearnedEnglishforeightyears.他們已學(xué)了/l年的英語(yǔ)了。（3）注意的問(wèn)題：①短暫性的動(dòng)詞（appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop）不能與延續(xù)性時(shí)間（一段時(shí)間）連用。例如：Hehasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.（錯(cuò)誤）Hehasbeeninthearmyforfiveyears.（正確）②現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday,lastweek,in1998,twodaysago等。③have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的區(qū)別:have/hasbeento have/hasgoneto （4比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生聯(lián)系，常與具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用， 如yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能與表過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.（強(qiáng)調(diào)他是團(tuán)員）鞏固練習(xí)：1、-Doyouknowourtownatall?-No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming2、-Haveyoubeentoourtownbefore?-No,it'sthefirsttimeIhere.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome3、Doyouknow?A.howlonghashelivedhere B.howlonghehaslivedhereC.hehaslivedherehowlong D.hehaslivedhowlonghereVII. 過(guò)去完成時(shí).結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞had+過(guò)去分詞.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。 即發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。常與"by/before+過(guò)去時(shí)間”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)連用。例如：Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.在我到達(dá)之前，火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他說(shuō)過(guò)他以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。鞏固練習(xí)：Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.Iherseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meetI'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.Oh,notatall.Ihereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe3、ThestudentsbusilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabooksheintheoffice.A.hadwritten,leftB,werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft4、Mydictionary,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstillit.A.haslost,don'tfindB.ismissing,don'tfindC.haslost,haven'tfoundD.ismissing,haven'tfound.中考動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析一、 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.（2002遼寧）A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began［析］1.C。since后接時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)，for后接時(shí)間段，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，應(yīng)注意瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用。二、 在復(fù)合句根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.（2002黑龍江）A.hecomes;willcome B.willhecome;comesC.hewillcome;comes D.willhecome;willcome［析］2.Coif既可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether,詞義是是否”。充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞時(shí)， 詞義是如果”。從時(shí)態(tài)看，if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化；引導(dǎo)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的條件句時(shí)，若主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。三、 根據(jù)上下文已有時(shí)態(tài)信息點(diǎn)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則Whenthiskindofcomputer?--Lastyear.（2002天津）A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used［析］3.Bo此例由下句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)推斷出一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，并且要考慮到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。四、 利用上下文語(yǔ)意確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則-Hi!LinTao.Ididn'tseeyouattheparty.--Oh,Ireadyforthemathsexam.（2002江西）A.amgettingB.wasgettingC.gotD.havegot［析］4.B。此例由didn't,attheparty斷出應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。五、 時(shí)態(tài)中的特殊”對(duì)策的原則TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.（2002遼寧）A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe［析］5.Ao有些動(dòng)詞其動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是 違背常理”的。如賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。中考真題訓(xùn)練Thepopulationoftheworldstillnow.（2009甘肅蘭州）A.has;grownB.is;growingC.will;growD.is;grownGoodevening.ItoseeMissMary. （2009甘肅蘭州）Oh,goodevening.I"msorry,butsheisnotin.A.havecomeB.comeC.came D.hadcomeIfirstmetLisathreeyearsagowhenweataradiostationtogether.（2009甘肅蘭州）A.haveworkedB.hadbeenworkingC.wereworkingD.hadworkedIfyoucarefully,youthereportwell.（2009廣州）A.willlisten;willbeunderstood B.willlisten;understandC.listen;willunderstand D.listen;understandTheyabouteighthundredEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（2009廣州）A.willlearnB.hadlearnedC.aregoingtolearnD.havelearned—Howdidtheaccidenthappen?（2009廣州）—Youknow,itdifficulttoseetheroadclearlybecauseitA.was;wasraining B.is;hasrainedC.is;israining D.willbe;willrainAttention,please.ThereafootballgamebetweenChinaandKoreathisevening.A.isgoingtobeB.hasbeenC.hasD.willhave—Whatdoesyoursisterlikedoinginhersparetime?一ShewatchingTV.（2009湖北武漢）A.likesB.likedC.haslikedD.hadliked—WhenJessytoNewYork?—Yesterday.（2009湖北武漢）A.does;getB.did;getC.has;gotD.had;got—Howcleanthebedroomis!（2009湖北武漢）—Yes,Iamsurethatsomeoneit.A.cleansB.cleanedC.hascleanedD.hadcleanedMyfriendme.Ihavetoleavenow.（2009河北）A.waitsforB.waitedforC.iswaitingforD.waswaitingforBesuretoletTomknowthenoticeassoonashe.（2009河北）A.willarriveB.wasarrivingC.arrivesD.arrivedIthewrongthing.CanIuseyoureraser?（2009河北）A.writeB.wroteC.amwriting D.willwrite一AreyougoingtohelpJohnwithhisChinesethisevening?（2009山東威海）一NO,HetoEngland.Hewillbebacknextmonth.A.returnedB.hasreturnedC.returnsD.willreturnWho'swonthefirstprizeinthecompetition?（2009山東煙臺(tái)）一Henry.Hehasitforaweek.A.is,wonB.is,gotC.has,hadD.has,beengivenIsthistheplacethatyou?（2009四川成都）一No.Iveneverbeentherebefore.A.havevisitedB.willvisit C.arevisitingItoutside.You'dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou.（2009江西）A.rainsB.israiningC.rainedD.hasrainedCanIhelpyou?（2009江西）1boughtthiswatchhereyesterday,butitwork.A.won'tB.didn'tC.doesn'tD.wouldn'tIusedtolovethisfilmwhenIwasyoung,butIitthatwayanymore.（2009江蘇南京）A.don'tfeel B.didn'tfeel C.haven'tfelt D.hadn'tfeltHowwasyourtriptotheancientvillage?（2009湖北宜昌）Fantastic!Wetoamuseumofstrangestones.A.goB.wentC.aregoingD.willgo—WhereisPeter?（2009湖南婁底）—Hevolleyballwithhisfriendsintheschoolgym.A.playsB.played C.isplayingHello!CanIspeaktoMr.White?（2009江蘇無(wú)錫）Sorry,heisn'thererightnow.Hetothethemepark.A.willgoB.wasgoingC.hasgoneD.hasbeenyouyourdrawing?（2009陜西綏德）Notyet!Itwillbedoneinafewminutes.A.Did;finishB.W川；finish C.Do;finishD.Have;finishedSheasananimaltrainersince2003.（2009.：!匕京）A.hasworkedB.worksC.willwork D.haveworkedTheyhertotheparty,soshewasveryhappy.（2009.北京）A.invite B.invitedC.willinvite D.areinvitingMr.Greentothemanagernow.You'dbettercallhimlater.（2009.d匕京）A.talk B.talkedC.istalking D.wastalkingPrisonBreakisthebestAmericanTVplaythatItheseyears.（2009.安徽）A.watchB.willwatchC.havewatchedD.waswatching-Alice,turndowntheTV,please.Ionthephone.Oh,sorry. （2009.安徽）A.havetalkedB.talked C.amtalkingD.talk—WherearetheGreens,mayIask?（2009吉林通化）一Well,theytoEngland.Theyhavebeentherefornearlyaweeknow.A.havebeenB.aregoingtoC.havegoneD.willgoTheteacherstheofficeforafewminuteswhenwearrived.Wedidn .'tmeetthemA.hadbeenawayfromB.hadleftC.havebeenawayfromD.haveleft—Hasyourfatherfinishedhisreport?（2009揚(yáng)州）—Sorry,Idon'tknoweitthismorning.A.waswritingB.wroteC.haswrittenD.hadwritten—It'stimefordinner.Whereisyourfather,Emma?—Hehisbikeintheyard. （2009新疆阜康）A.clean B.cleanedC.iscleaningD.willcleanHi,Iyouforalongtime. （2009朝陽(yáng)）1inBeijing.Ivejustcomeback.A.hadn'tseen;am B.haven'tseen;shallbeC.didn'tsee;willbe D.haven'tseen;wasTodayisThursday,andTomlosthisbikelastSunday.Wemaysay”.TomhaslosthisbikefourdaysagoTomhaslosthisbikeforfourdaysTomlosthisbikeforfourdaysD.It'sfourdayssinceTomlosthisbike答案：1?5BBCCB6~10AAABC 11?15CCBBC16~20ABCAB21~25CCDAB26~30CCCCA31?34ACDD直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的用法及講解定義：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號(hào)。Johnsaid,"I'moingtoLondonwithmyfather."約翰說(shuō)：“我要和父親到倫敦去。"（引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ)）間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語(yǔ)從句的形式構(gòu)成。JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.約翰說(shuō)，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)）直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)相互轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題第一：人稱的變化。順口溜：在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí) ："隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新工"隨主”是指如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如：Shesaid,"Mybrotherwantstogowithme."fShesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.上隨賓”是指若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱，如：HesaidtoKate."Whatisyoursisterdoingnow?"fHeaskedKatewhathersisterwasdoingthen。第三人稱不更新”是指如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾 ，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：MrSmithsaid,"Jackisagoodworker。"—MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)：1.如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語(yǔ)原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí) ，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(4)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)(5)一般過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)(6)過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過(guò)去完成時(shí)但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。①直接引語(yǔ)是客觀事實(shí)、真理。"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth, “theteachertoldme.fTheteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。Hesaid,"I'maboy,notagirl."—Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.②直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImety ouinthestreet?"fJackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet 。③直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l,1980 。"fXiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980。Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin197 3."-Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.④直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning。"—Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。⑤如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式(例： oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，(例：could,should,would,might)不再變。如：Petersaid."Youhadbettercomeheretoday 。"-PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday⑥如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有 since,when,while 引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。如：Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."fHetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.三、如何變狀語(yǔ)：指示代詞thisthatthesethose表示時(shí)間的詞nowthentodaythatday Tonightthatnightthisweek(month,etc)thatweek(month,etc) yesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month)theweek(month)before threedays(ayear)agothreedays(ayear)before tomorrowthenext(following)daynextweek(month)--thenext(following)week(month)表地點(diǎn)的詞 here--there動(dòng)詞bring--takecome--go四、如何變句型：①直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由 that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Shesaid,"Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes." —Shesaid(that)theirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由 whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：Hesaid,"Canyouswim,John?">HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim."Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven 'tyou?"mymotherasked.—MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework."Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?"heaskedme. —HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.③直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)仍由原疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)(賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序)。Sheaskedme,"Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?" fSheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為 "tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth."句型。如："Don'tmakeanynoise,"shesaidtothechildren. fShetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise."Bringmeacupoftea,please,"saidshe. fSheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.⑤直接引語(yǔ)如果是以 "Let'軒頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用"suggest+動(dòng)名詞(或從句)。”如：Hesaid,"Let'sgotothefilm."fHesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.⑥.直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為what或how引導(dǎo)，也可以用 that引導(dǎo)。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"fShesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.習(xí)題：Ourteachertoldus,"Thesunrisesintheeast."Lucysaid,Tllgraduatefromherenextyear.”Peterasked,"Whatareyoudoingthisevening,Mary?SO的用法1.so用作連詞，表示“因此，所以"例：Iheardsomenoiseoutside,soIwentoutoftheroomtoseewhy.sothat作為連詞詞組，表示 “以便，為了”。例：Thevaseisputhighonthetable,sothatitwon'tbebroken.2.so可以用作形容詞，表示“是這樣的，是真的” 。例：Thenewspapersclaimshekilledhiminself-defensebutthatjustisn'tso.3.so可以用作副詞，表示一一1)“如此,這么"結(jié)構(gòu)為：so+adj./adv例：Shewassotiredthatshefellasleepveryfast.表示此意思時(shí)，還可以用：so+adj.+a/an+n.例：Itissogoodamoviethateveryonewhosawitpraisesitverymuch.2)“如此，如是”，用于表示已經(jīng)提到的想法，建議或情況 等例："WillIneedmyumbrella?” "Ithinkso.”3)“也是，也一樣"結(jié)構(gòu)為so+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)例：Tonytakesexerciseeverydayandsodoeshisyoungerbrother.注意否定句應(yīng)把so改為neither/nor,結(jié)構(gòu)為neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)例：Jennyhasneverbeenlateforclass.Neither/Norheryoungerbrother.“確實(shí)是這樣”，表示對(duì)前面陳述事實(shí)的強(qiáng)調(diào)，結(jié)構(gòu)為so+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞例：Tonyworksveryhardatallthesubjects.Sohedoes.“似乎，那么"，表示驚訝、不同意或者嘲諷例：Soyouthinkyou'vegottroubles?常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：andsoon/andsoforth：等等；soasto(do)：以便；sothat+從句：以便例：Weeatdifferentveget