2023年考研外語專家預測過關卷9

考研外語專家預測過關卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1、Venturecapitalhasnowbecomeaglobalphenomenon.Hereisthe(1)_____statusofeachmajorregionthathasventurecapitalactivity.(2)_____,thedefinitionofventurecapital,(3)_____coined50yearsagoatHarvardBusinessSchool,meant(4)_____capitalforneworveryyoungventures.Overtime,(5)_____,andespeciallyoutsidetheUSandCanada,ithasbecomeacoverallnameforanytypeofequityrelatedfinancingforprivatelyheldcompanies.Tomakemattersevenmore(6)_____,someUSventurecapitalfirmshavebegundelvinginto"transactional"financemore(7)_____totheinvestmentbankingcommunity.Thisis,however,alimitedphenomenon.

Indeed,theinfluxof(8)_____fundmoneyintotheventurecapitalmarkethasbeenbothacurseandablessing.Firmsfoundthemselvesbattlingtoplacetheirnewly(9)_____fundswitha(10)_____numberofspecializedhi-techfirms.Theresultwasaseriesoflossesintheearly1990s.

Venturecapitaliststhenbecameimmersedintransactionalfinancingasaresultoftheir(11)_____inbusinessacquisitions.Historically,theventurecapitalistshadsatattheendofthetablerepresentingthecompanybeing(12)_____.Atsomepoint,theybegantoseeopportunitiesinfinancingsuch(13)_____andinotherinvestmentbankingtypeactivities.

Inthelong(14)_____,however,venturecapitalistswillbackoutofinvestmentbankingtypeactivitiesandfocusonwhattheyarebestat,riskingcapitalinvestmentsin(15)_____companies.Whatisrequiredtoplacetheircapitalandstillrealizetheir(16)_____isarampupinstaff.Inthe1980s,manyofthefirmswerequitesmalland(17)_____onspecificareasoftechnologywheretheyhadin(18)_____knowledge.Inthe1990sthesuccessfulfirmshave(19)_____managementstaff,(20)_____intomorethanoneareaoftechnology,andoutsourcedmoreoftheirtechnologicalanalysistoveryspecializedexperts.

A.monetary

B.current

C.dominant

D.alien

2、(2)

A.Historically

B.Simultaneously

C.Momentarily

D.Immediately

3、(3)

A.but

B.while

C.as

D.although

4、(4)

A.sponsor

B.risk

C.estate

D.stake

5、(5)

A.therefore

B.indeed

C.hence

D.however

6、(6)

A.apparent

B.confusing

C.plausible

D.promising

7、(7)

A.prone

B.subject

C.akin

D.liable

8、(8)

A.pension

B.hazard

C.abuse

D.sector

9、(9)

A.floated

B.bubbled

C.drifted

D.submerged

10、(10)

A.unlimited

B.specific

C.definite

D.finite

11、(11)

A.involvement

B.speculation

C.publicity

D.tolerance

12、(12)

A.explored

B.acquired

C.terminated

D.commercialized

13、(13)

A.prospects

B.stimuli

C.dealings

D.schemes

14、(14)

A.course

B.case

C.view

D.run

15、(15)

A.burnout

B.startup

C.handover

D.cut-back

16、(16)

A.recruits

B.regards

C.relics

D.returns

17、(17)

A.commented

B.imposed

C.acted

D.centered

18、(18)

A.vain

B.depth

C.brief

D.essence

19、(19)

A.enhanced

B.characterized

C.obscured

D.undertaken

20、(20)

A.allocated

B.integrated

C.diversified

D.identified

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

TheEuropeanUnion'sBareelonasummit,whichendedonMarch16th,wasplayedoutagainsttheusualbackdropofnoisy"anti-globalisation"demonstrationsandmassivesecurity.Ifnothingelse,thedemonstrationsillustratedthateconomicliberalizationinEurope-themeeting'smaintopic—presentsgenuinepoliticaldifficulties.Influentialsectionsofpublicopinioncontinuetoopposeanythingthattheyimaginethreatens"socialEurope",theidealofacradle-to-gravewelfarestate.

Inthisclimateofpublicopinion,itisnotsurprisingthattheoutcomeinBarcelonawasmodest.ThetotemicissuewasopeningupEurope'senergymarkets.TheFrenchgovernmenthasfoughthardtopreserveaprotectedmarketathomeforitsstate-ownednationalchampion,ElectricitedeFrance(EDF).AtBarcelonaitmadeawellflaggedtacticalretreat.Thesummiteersconcludedthatfrom2022industrialusersacrossEuropewouldbeabletochoosefromcompetingenergysuppliers,whichshouldaccountfor"atleast"60%ofthemarket.

SinceEurope'senergymarketisworth350billion($309billion)ayearandaffectsjustabouteverybusiness,thisisabreakthrough.Buteventheenergydealhasdisappointingaspects.Confiningcompetitiontobusinessusersmakesithardertoshowthateconomicliberalizationisthefriendratherthanthefoeoftheordinaryperson.ItalsoallowsEDFtokeepitsmonopolyinthemostprofitablechunkoftheFrenchmarket.

Inotherareas,especiallytodowithEurope'stoughlabormarkets,theEUisactuallygoingbackwards.Thesummiteersdeclaredthat"disincentivesagainsttakingupjobs"shouldberemoved;20mjobsshouldbecreatedwithintheEUby2022.ButonlythreedaysafteraBarcelonajamboree,theEuropeanCommissionendorsedanewlawthatwouldgivealltemporary-agencyworkersthesamerightsasfull-timerswithinsixweeksofgettingtheirfeetunderthedesk.Sixoutof20commissionersdid,unusually,voteagainstthemeasure—ablatantpieceofre-regulation—butthesocialaffairscommissioner,AnnaDiamantopoulou,wasunrepentant,indeedtriumphant.Adissatisfiedliberaliserinthecommissioncalledthedirective"anabsolutedisaster".

Thesummit'sotherachievementsarestillmorefragile.Europe'sleaderspromisedtoincreasespendingon"researchanddevelopment"fromitscurrentfigureof1.9%ofGDPayearto3%.ButhowwillEuropeanpoliticianscompelbusinessestoinvestmoreinresearch?Nobodyseemstoknow.AndtheonebigresearchprojectagreedonatBarcelona,theGalileosatellite-positioningsystem,whichissupposedtocost3.2billionofpublicmoney,isofdubiouscommercialvalue,sincetheEuropeansalreadyenjoyfreeaccesstotheAmericans'GPAsystem.EdwardBannerman,headofeconomicsattheCentreforEuropeanReform,aBlairitethink-tank,callsGalileo"thecommonagriculturalpolicyinspace".

AccordingtothosewhosupporttheliberalizationofEurope'senergymarkets,energysupplymonopolyisunlikelyonthegroundsthat

A.businessuserswillchoosefromsuppliercompetitors.

B.energymarketscallforcrosstradecoordination.

C.competitionwillhardlybeconfinedtobusinessusers.

D.energysuppliersmightcatertoeconomicliberalization.

2、

Whatistheattitudeoftheminorityofcommissionerstowardsthere-regulationofEurope'sjobmarket?

A.Arbitrary.

B.Neutral.

C.Compromising.

D.Critical.

3、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

A.DemonstratorsarenotinfavorofEurope'seconomicliberalization.

B.France'sEDFisusedtoillustratearesultofliberaleconomies.

C.TheEurope'sUnion'sBarcelonasummitisnotasproductiveasexpected.

D.Europe'ssatellite-positioningsystemisnowherenearagreatsuccess.

4、

ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatEurope'squestformoreliberaleconomiesmaybe

A.popularandsensible.

B.dubiousbutprofitable.

C.slowandcontradictory.

D.fragilebutpromising.

5、

WelearnfromthetextthatEdwardBannermanisprobably______.

A.anenthusiastinspaceexploration.

B.anadvocateofEurope'sunityandliberalization.

C.apioneerinresearchanddevelopment.

D.anopponentoftheGalileosatellite-positioningsystem.

6、Iftheopinionpollsaretobebelieved,mostAmericansarecomingtotrusttheirgovernmentmorethantheyusedto.ThehabithasnotyetspreadwidelyamongAmericanIndians,whosuspectanorganizationwhichhassooftenpatronizedthem,liedtothemanddefraudedthem.ButtheIndiansmaysoonwinavictoryinalegalbattlethatepitomizesthoseabuses.

ElouiseCobell,abankerwhoalsohappenstobeamemberoftheBlackfeettribeinMontana,istheleadingplaintiffinamassiveclass-actionsuitagainstthegovernment.Atissueisupto$10billionintrustpaymentsowedtosome500,000Indians.ThesuitrevolvesaroundIndividualIndianMoney(11M)accountsthatareadministeredbytheInteriorDepartment'sBureauofIndianAffairs(BIA).Backinthe1880s,thegovernmentdividedmorethan11macresoftriballandintoparcelsof80to160acresthatwereassignedtoindividualIndians.Becausetheseparcelswererarelyoccupiedbytheirnewowners,thegovernmentassumedresponsibilityformanagingthem.AstheIndians'trustee,itleasedthelandoutforgrazing,logging,miningandoildrilling—butitwassupposedtodistributetheroyaltiestotheIndianowners.

Infact,officialsadmitthatroyaltieshavebeenlostorstolen.RecordsweredestroyedandthegovernmentlosttrackofwhichIndiansownedwhatland.Theplaintiffssaythatmoneyisowingto500,000Indians,buteventhegovernmentacceptsafigureofabout300,000.Foryears,CobellheardIndianscomplainofnotgettingpaymentfromthegovernmentfortheoil-drillingandranchingleasesontheirland.Butnothingmuchgotdone.ShereturnedtoWashingtonand,afterabrush-offfromgovernmentlawyers,filedthesuit.

GaleNorton,GeorgeBushesinteriorsecretarywaschargedwithcontemptinNovemberbecauseherdepartmenthadfailedtofixtheproblem.InDecember,JudgeLamberthorderedtheinteriorDepartmenttoshutdownallitscomputersfortenweeksbecausetrustfundrecordswerevulnerabletohackers.ThesystemwaspartlyrestoredlastmonthandpaymentstosomeIndians,whichhadbeeninterrupted,resumed.

Andthatisnottheendofit.Ms.NortonhasproposedthecreationofanewBureauofIndianTrustManagement,separatefromtheBIA.Indiansarecrossthatshesuggestedthiswithoutconsultingthem.Somewantthetrustfundstobeplacedinreceivership,underaneutralsupervisor.OthershavecalledforCongresstoestablishanindependentcommission,includingIndians,todrawupaplanforreformingthewholesystem.Amessyinjusticemayatlastbegettingsortedout.

ElouiseCobellcriticizedtheInteriorDepartment'sBIAfor

A.itsleasinglandoutforexploitation.

B.itsdistributionofmoneycollected.

C.itssupposedmisconductofabuses.

D.itsreactiontoamassiveaction.

7、

Whenmentioning"thegovernmentacceptsafigureofabout300,000",thewriteristryingtoillustrate

A.liesanddefraudtowhichAmericanIndiansareexposed.

B.thestrongconfidenceAmericanIndianshaveintheirgovernment.

C.doubtsaboutgovernmentasshownintheopinionpolls.

D.thearroganceasdisplayedbygovernmentofficialsasawhole.

8、

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

A.TrustfundshavebeenplacedinthehandsofAmericanIndians.

B.AmericanIndiansshouldbecomeincreasinglyvocalforjustice.

C.PaymentsowedtoAmericanIndianhavebeenindefinitelydelayed.

D.BIAreapedgreatrewardsbydeliberatelydestroyingtrust-fundrecords.

9、

Itseemsthatthewriterisverycriticalof______.

A.AmericanIndiansinaclass-action.

B.officialswhoareinchargeofthesuit.

C.governmentagenciesatalllevels.

D.thosewhohavethelandover-developed.

10、

Fromthetext,wecanseethatthewriter'soverallattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe

A.sensitive.

B.gloomy.

C.optimistic.

D.scared.

11、AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica'smostcar-dependentcity.Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames,comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanysidestreetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity'sroadsaresowellwornthatthefirstactofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.TheAmericanHighwayUsersAlliancerankedthreeAtlantainterchangesamongthe18worstbottlenecksinthecountry.

Othercitiesinthesamefixhavereorganizedtheirhighways,imposedcommuterandcartaxes,orexpandedtheirpublic-transportsystems.Atlantadoesnotlikeanyofthesethings.Publictransportisavexedsubject,too.Atlanta'smetropolitanregionisdividedintonumerouscountyandsmallercitygovernments,whichfindithardtoworktogether.Railwaysnowservethecitycenterandtheairport,butnotmuchelse;busstopsareoftennear-invisiblepoles,offeringnoindicationofwhichbusmightstopthere,orwhen.

Georgia'sDemocraticgovernor,RoyBarnes,whohopesforre-electioninNovember,hasotherplans.TowinbackthefederalhighwaymoneylostundertheCleanAirAct,hecreatedtheGeorgiaRegionalTransportationAuthority(GRTA),a15-memberboardwiththepowertomakethecountygovernments,thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissionco-operateontransportplans,whethertheylikeitornot.

NowGRTAhasissueditsownpreliminaryplan,allocating$4.5billionoverthenextthreeyearsforavarietyofschemes.Theplanearmarksmoneytowidenroads；tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead;andtocreateacommuterraillinkbetweenAtlantaandMacon,twohourstothesouth.Countieswillbeencouraged,withgenerousten-to-onematchingfunds,tostartexpressbusservices.

Publicgoodwill,however,maynotstretchasfarasthenextplan,whichistobuildtheNorthernArchighwayfor65milesacrossthreecountiesnorthofthecitylimits.GRTAhasallotted$270mforthis.Supporterssayitwouldeasethecongestiononlocalroads;opponentsthinkitwouldworsenover-developmentandtraffic.Thecountiesaffected,andevenGRTA'sownboard,aredivided.

Thegovernorisinfavor,however;andsincehecanappointandfireGRTA'Smembers,thatisprobablytheendofthestory.Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants,regardless.Hisarroganceontrafficmatterscouldalsolosehimvotes.ButMr.BarnesthinkthatAtlanta'sslowingeconomycoulddohimmoreharmthantheanti-sprawlmovement.

Theauthor'spresentationofAtlantans'car-dependenceismeant

A.tobeironic.

B.topokefuntothem.

C.tobefair.

D.tomakeitnotorious.

12、

Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe"anti-sprawlmovement"asplannedbygovernorRoyBarnes?

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.

B.HissuccessinreelectioninNovember.

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.

13、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontrafficmatters.

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmorehighways.

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofitstraffic.

14、

ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia'sGovernorRoyBarnes______.

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboard.

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimage.

C.isboundtowinthereelectioncomingup.

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassets.

15、

Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulations.

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes'sarrogance.

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxes.

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystems.

16、"Worsethanuseless,"fumedDarrellIssa,aRepublicancongressmanfromCalifornia,onMarch19th,whentheHouseJudiciaryCommitteeheldahearingontheImmigrationandNaturalizationService."Terrible,andgettingworse,"addedZoeLofgren,aDemocriticcolleaguewhohaskeptawatchfuleyeontheINSfortenyears.

CommitteememberslineduptotakeswingsatJamesZiglar,theheadoftheINS.Heexplained,somewhatpathetically,that"outdatedprocedures"hadkeptthevisa-processingwheelsgrindingslowlythroughabacklogofapplications.Healsohadsomenewrulesinmindtotightenupvisas.Speedingupthepaperwork—andgettingmoreofitontocomputers—isvital,buttheSeptember11thattackshaveexposedthetensionbetweentheagency'stwojobs:ontheonehandenforcingthesecurityofAmerica'sborders,ontheothergrantingprivilegessuchasworkpermitstoforeigners.

Butotherpeoplewantmoreradicalchanges.JamesSensenbrenner,aRepublicancongressmanfromWisconsin,wantstosplittheINSintotwoseparatebodies,onedealingwithbordersecurityandtheotherwithhandlingbenefitstoimmigrants.Theotherapproach,favoredintheWhiteHouse,istotreatthetwofunctionsascomplementary,andtogivetheINSevenmoreresponsibilityforsecurity.Underthatplan,theINSwouldmergewiththeCustomsService,whichmonitorsthe20mshipmentsofgoodsbroughtintoAmericaeveryyear,aswellasthebagscarriedinbysome500mvisitors.Thetwoagencieswouldform.onelargebodywithintheDepartmentofJustice,thecurrenthomeoftheINS.Thiswouldcutoutsomeoftheduplicatedeffortatborders,wherecustomsofficersandagentsfromtheINS'sBorderPatroloftenrubshouldersbutdonotworktogether.

Mr.Bush—whohassaidthatthenewsofthevisaapprovalslefthim"plentyhot"—wasexpectedtogivehisapproval.Thesenate,however,maynotbequitesokeen.TheJusticeDepartmentcouldhavetroublehandlingsuchamerger,letalonetakingontheconsiderableeconomicresponsibilitiesoftheCustomsService,whichiscurrentlypartoftheTreasury.

Thesenateprefersyetanothersetofsecurityrecommendations,includinglinksbetweenthedatabasesofdifferentagenciesthatholdsecurityandimmigrationinformation,andscannersatportsofentrytocheckbiometricdatarecordedonimmigrationdocuments.Theseideasareembodiedinabillsponsoredbymembersofbothparties,butarecurrentlyheldupbyRobertByrd,thechairmanoftheSenateAppropriationsCommittee,whoworriesthattherehasnotbeenenoughdebateonthesubject.Mr.Ziglar,poorchap,mayfeeltherehasbeenmorethanenough.

WecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatINS______.

A.willbesubjectedtostrongcriticisms.

B.hasbecomethepubliclaughingstock.

C.willtakeupeconomicresponsibilities.

D.haswonthesupportfromMr.Bush.

17、

Besidesdealingwithbordersecurity,INSalso

A.keepsawatchfuleyeonitself.

B.grantsprivilegestoimmigrants.

C.monitorsshipmentsofgoods.

D.takesadvantageofcomputers.

18、

ThechairmanoftheSenateAppropriationsCommitteewillleavetheissueofINSunsettledbecause

A.theexclusiveresponsibilityofINSisforbordersecurity.

B.hefiguredoutsomenewrulesinmindtotightupvisas.

C.sufficientdebateisanxiouslyrequiredforafinalsolution.

D.mostcongressmenholdunfavorableopinionsonINS.

19、

SuggestionshavebeenraisedontheissueofINSexcept

A.chargeslaunchedagainstitshead.

B.itsmergingwiththeCustomsService.

C.othersecurityrecommendations.

D.itsseparationintotwobodies.

20、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.ARedundantAgencytobeSplit.

B.UpsetwiththeINS?—No.

C.MergingINSwithCustoms?

D.IneptINS—underFire.

21、PartB(10points)

Youaregoingtoreadatextabouttheapproachestocreatingchampionship,followedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebestexample.

(41)Whatdoyouneedinordertobearecordbreaker?

Sportsexpertsagreethatthesinglemostimportantfactorincreatingachampionisgeneticmake-up,thepossessionofgenesthatimpartaninnateabilitytostrideleap,burnenergyefficientlyorsucklotsofoxygenfromtheair."Thegreatathletesaregenuinestatisticaloutliers...physiologicalfreaks,"sayssportsscientistCraigSharpofBrunelUniversityinMiddlesex,UK.

(42)Howwillwefindorcreatethenextgenerationofchampionathletes?

Themostlikelywayistowidenoursearchtofindsomeonewithageneticmakeupthatallowshimorhertosurpassotherathletes.WhenEastAfricanrunnersbegancompetinginternationally,forexample,itbecameapparentthattheirlightframe.makethemuniquelyeconomicalintheiruseofenergy.

(43)Havewereachedthelimitofhumanperformance?

No,butrecordsarebeingbrokenbyevernarrowermargins.Whenstatisticiansplothowthebestperformanceinagiveneventchangesovertime,theyseethegraphlevelingoff.Andtheshortertheevent,thesmallerarethesliversoftimebeingshavedoff.SoalthoughPaulaRadcliffehasslicedwholesecondsoffthemarathonworldrecord,sprintersareimprovingbymerehundredthsofasecond.

(44)Willweeverreachanabsolutelimit?

Theoretically,anabsolutetimetohowfarorfastthehumanbodycangodoes,but"whereitiswedon'tknow,"saysMillar.Perhapstheonlywaywecanrecognizetheultimateperformancewillberetrospectively,afterarecordhasstoodforyears.

(45)Infuture,willathletessimplytesttheirlimitsinnewways?

Asrecordsbecomeharderandhardertobreak,wemaystartcomparingathletesbyotherstandards,suchasthenumberofgoldmedalsortheirperformanceovertime.LanceArmstrong'ssixconsecutivewinsintheTourdeFrance,forexample,mayneverbesurpassed."Theelitemightbedefinedbyhowmanytimestheywin",saysMillar.

A.Athletesmightalsoinventnewsportstotestthemselves.Theemergenceofthetriathloninthe1970swasfuelledbyrunners,swimmersandcyclistslookingforanewchallenge;itmadeitsdebutasanOlympiceventin2000.

B.Oncescientistshaveidentifiedthegenesthatconferageneticadvantageinsport,athletesmightalsobescreenedtopickouttheoneswithmostgeneticpotential."Thereareallsortsofpeopleoutthere,andwedon'tknowwhattheycando",saysexerciseandsportsscientistCarlFosteroftheUniversityofWisconsininLaCrosse.Becausetherewardsaregrowingandcompetitionisbecomingmoreintense,athletesarebeingdrivenmoreandmoretowardsdrugstogaintheedge.Expertspredictthatthenextgenerationofchampionswillincludemanydopedones.Theyareparticularlyfearfulof"genedoping"inwhichathletesboosttheperformanceofkeygenes.

C.Psychologyisvital.Athletesneedenormousfocusanddrivetowin.Manypeoplethinkthatthemainbarriertobreakingthefour-minutemilewasapsychologicalone:onceRogerBannisterdiditin1954,severalothersclockedsub-four-minutetimesshortlyafterwards.Sometimesbreakingarecordinvolvestakingariskinanevent,suchasbreakingfromthepackwithafulllaptogo,andthattakesacertainstate.

D.Noteverysportcanbeaccuratelymeasured,ofcourse.Runningandjumpingcanbequantifiedwithstickorstopwatch,butfootballandtennisperformancesaremuchhardertogauge.

E.Ontopofthis,however,trainingandtechniquearevital.Theyallowathletestosculptmuscles,forexample,sothattheyburnlessenergywhileachievingthesamespeedsasothers.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined