2023年考研外語沖刺密卷3

考研外語沖刺密卷3

一、UseofEnglish

1、HomepricesslidinNovember,raisingquestionsaboutwhetherthehousingrecoveryisrobustenoughtomaintainasustainedturnaround.FromOctobertoNovember,homepricesfell0.2%after【1】0.1%inOctober,accordingtoareportTuesdaybyStandardPoor's/Case-Shiller'shomepriceindex.【2】fiveofthe20metroareas【3】bytheindexsawpriceincreasesforthemonth.

Ona(n)【4】basis,priceswere5.3%lowerinNovemberthaninNovember2022.Priceswerethesameasinlate2022."Whatwe'veseen【5】thepastcoupleofmonthsisthatthepaceof【6】hasfallendown,"saysMaureenMaitlandofStandardPoor's."Somemarketshave【7】Isthatbecausewehaven't【8】theforeclosure(回贖權(quán)的取消)cycle?Becauseofunemployment?We'renotseeingthe【9】wewereseeinginthelastsummermonths."

Metroareasthathaveseenaretreatinhomeprices【10】Seattle,Charlotte,LasVegasandTampa.Allfour【11】gainstheymadeinrecentmonths【12】.【13】,forthe20-metroindex,theannualrateofdeclineisimproving.That【14】,withotherrecenthousingreportsthatshowprices【15】oraccelerating,couldpointto【16】thehousingmarketisstartingto【17】itsfooting,someeconomistssay.Existinghomesalepriceswere$178300inDecember,whichis1.5%higherthanDecember2022,accordingtoareportthisweekbytheNationalAssociationofRealtors.Thatwasthefirstyear-over-year【18】inmedianpricesinceAugust2022.

"Themost【19】thingwecansayisnotonlythemarketisstabilizing,butwe'veseenthathousingdemandisstrong,"saysBernardBaumohl,withtheEconomicOutlookGroup."Housingprobablywillcontinuetoclimbupwardsthroughthesummer,【20】itcouldslipalittleasthetaxcreditexpires."

(1)

A.leading

B.declining

C.holding

D.improving

2、(2)

A.Then

B.Thus

C.Only

D.So

3、(3)

A.documented

B.retraced

C.increased

D.tracked

4、(4)

A.monthly

B.daily

C.weekly

D.annual

5、(5)

A.with

B.over

C.under

D.upon

6、(6)

A.recognition

B.recourse

C.recovery

D.relapse

7、(7)

A.fallenover

B.fallenbehind

C.fallenback

D.fallenout

8、(8)

A.workedthrough

B.workedat

C.lookedthrough

D.passedthrough

9、(9)

A.improvement

B.wound

C.help

D.advantage

10、(10)

A.consist

B.conclude

C.include

D.enclose

11、(11)

A.watched

B.saw

C.cared

D.overlooked

12、(12)

A.deleted

B.validated

C.finished

D.erased

13、(13)

A.Therefore

B.Consequently

C.Moreover

D.Still

14、(14)

A.trend

B.circumstance

C.condition

D.hypothesis

15、(15)

A.fluctuating

B.stabilizing

C.declining

D.inclining

16、(16)

A.signs

B.index

C.news

D.marks

17、(17)

A.retain

B.resign

C.regain

D.reform

18、(18)

A.gain

B.accomplishment

C.achievement

D.success

19、(19)

A.expanding

B.continuing

C.puzzling

D.encouraging

20、(20)

A.so

B.although

C.hence

D.since

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Rarelydomajordiseaseshaveasinglecause.Theyareusuallytheresultofacomplexinteractionbetweenmanyfactors,includinggenetic,ponents.Manymediareports,however,canteadustobelievethatifwegaveupsomethingthatwemightotherwiseenjoy,wecouldcompletelyescapethatparticularaffliction.

Clearly,thisisnotthecase.Vegetariansdieofcancerofthecolon(結(jié)腸).Teetotallersdieoflivercomplaints,includingcirrhosis(硬化).Peoplewhonevergooutinthesuncontractskinmelanomas(黑素瘤).Always,thereareotherfactorsatworkthanthesingleelementbeingexaminedinascientificstudy.

Quiteoftentheallegedbenefitsofaparticularnutritionalelementaretheresultnotsomuchoftheelementitselfbutofthelifestyle.andgeneraldietofthepeoplewhoconsumeitmost.Peoplewhoeatlotsof"healthy"foods,includingfiber,carrots,broccolietc.,alsotendtodrinklessalcohol,takemoreexercise,avoidtoomanyfattyfoodsandsmokeless.Onlywhenastudycanruleoutalloftheseotherfactorsandoftenwedonotknowwhatthesefactorsmightbecanwesaythatthereisacausallinkbetweentwothings.Thatisnottosaythatthingslikefiberandbroccolihavenobeneficialeffectsatall.Butthosewithsedentarylifestylescannotexpectthesefoodstomakethemhealthy.

Thereis,however,onethingwhichincreasesthelikelihoodofdyingrelativelyyoung,evenwhenalloftheotherfactorshavebeentakenintoaccount.Itisoneofthebiggestkillersevenamongthosewholeadlifestyleswhich,byanycriteria,areclearlyhealthyones.Thissingle,incontrovertibleriskfactoristhatofbeingpoor.RecentreportfromtheCancerResearchCampaignsuggestedthat12700deathscouldhavebeenavoidedbetween1986and1990ifinequalitiesincancercaredidnotexistinEnglandandWales.Comparingcancersurvivalrates,thestudyfoundthatEnglandandWalesfaredunfavorablywithEuropeandtheUS,butthemostaffluentregionsofthesetwocountriesexhibitedsimilarfigurestotheEuropeanaverage.

InanattempttocounterthisdisparitythegovernmenthasannouncedplansfortheprovisionofHealthActionZoneswhichseektoencouragegreatercooperationbetweenhealthandsocialservices,targetingbothruralandinnercityareas.Theemphasisofthisnewschemehoweverappearstofocusoninadequacieswithinhealtheducationintheseareas,ratherthanattackingthebroaderissuesofsocialinequality.

Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatarewelikelytoreadinmanymediareports?

A.Aparticulardiseaseisassociatedwithasinglecause.

B.Weshouldenjoyasmanythingsaspossible.

C.Wecanneverunderstandhowdifferentfactorsinteracttocauseadisease.

D.Adiseaseiscausedmorebygenesthanbylifestyles.

2、

Thefactthatavegetariancandieofcoloncancerindicatesthat______.

A.thecolonissensitivetovegetables

B.peopleshouldeatdifferentkindsofvegetablesratherthanone

C.coloncancerisnottiedtoaparticularfood

D.coloncanceriscausedbyasingleunknowncause

3、

Accordingtotheauthor,fiberandbroccoliaretheso-called"healthy"foodsbecause______.

A.theyareonlypartofageneraldietandlifestyle.thatcontributetogoodhealth

B.thebenefitsofthesefoodsarestillunknown

C.thefoodsdonotbenefitpeoplewithsedentarylifestyles

D.peoplewhoeatthesefoodstendtoadoptunhealthylifestyles

4、

CancersurvivalratesfoundinthestudywerelowerinWalesthanintheUSbecause______.

A.peopleinWaleseatmoreunhealthyfoodthanpeopleintheUS

B.peopleinWalesarepoorerthanpeopleintheUS

C.peopleinWalesarericherthanpeopleintheUS

D.cancersinWalesarecausedbymorecomplexfactorsthanthoseintheUS

5、

Accordingtotheauthor,toreducecancerdeathsinEnglandandWales,thegovernmentshould______.

A.sponsormorecancerresearch

B.runhealtheducationprogramsinruralandinnercityareas

C.attacktheissuesofsocialinequality

D.adviseitspeopletoobtainmedicalinsurance

6、Sheknewhowtomakeanentrance.Herdarkhaircutinaseverepageboy,AynRandwouldsweepintoaroomwithalongblackcape,adollar-signpinonherlapelandaneverpresentcigaretteinanivoryholder.Melodramatic,yes,butRanddidn'thavetimetobesubtle.Shehadmillionsofpeopletoconverttoobjectivism,herphilosophyofradicalindividualism,limitedgovernmentandavoidanceofaltruismandreligion.Heradoringfollowers--somecalledthemacult--reveredherasthehighpriestessoflaissez-fairecapitalismuntilherdeathin1982atage77.

ThebadeconomyhasbeengoodnewsforRand'slegacy.Herfiercedenunciationsofgovernmentregulationhavesentsalesofhertwobest-knownnovels,TheFountainheadandAtlasShrugged,soaring.Yetherme-firstbrandofcapitalismhasbeenexccoriated(嚴峻批判)forfomenting(引發(fā))therecentfinancialcrisis.Andhermostfamousformeracolyte-onetimeFedchairmanAlanGreenspan--hasbeenblamedforinflatingthehousingbubblebyrefusingtointerveneinthemarket.

Inthemidstofthenewlyrekindleddebate,twoexcellentbiographieshavejustbeenpublished:AynRandandtheWorldSheMade,byAnneC.Heller(Doubleday;592pages),isacomprehensivestudy,innovelisticdetail,ofRand'spersonallife,andGoddessoftheMarket:AynRandandtheAmericanRight,byJenniterBurns(Oxford;369pages),leansmoreheavilyonRand'stheoriesandpolitics.

Fromherearliestyears,Randwasawomanonamission.Bornin1905toabourgeoisJewishfamilyinSt.Petersburg,Randwas12whentheBolshevikRevolutiontookplace.Herfamily,suddenlypoor,wasforcedtoflee,andRand'shatredofcommunismandanysortofcollectivismwouldguideherlife.ArrivingintheUSin1926withanewname,Ayn(rhymeswithfine)madeherwaytoHollywood,whereshehadmodestsuccessasascreenwriterandmarriedanaspiringactor,FrankO'Connor.HerpoliticizationcamewhensheandherhusbandworkedonRepublicanWendellWillkie'slosingpresidentialcampaignin1940.AccordingtoBurns,"BeforeWillkieshehadbeenpro-capitalistyetpessimistic,writing'Thecapitalistworldislow,unprincipled,andcorrupt.'Nowshecelebratedcapitalismasthe'noblest,cleanestandmostidealisticsystemofall'."

TheFountainhead,anepicnovelchroniclingthestrugglesofanarchitectnamedHowardRoarkagainstconventionalvalues,washerbreakoutwork.Inherracetogetthesprawling700booktopress,shebegantakingtheamphetamineBenzedrine(一種興奮劑的名稱)tofuelherefforts."Randusedittopowerherlastmonthsofworkonthenovel,includingseveral24-hoursessionscorrectingpageproofs,"writesBurns.ThebookbroughtRandfinancialsecurityandfame.

Theword"Melodramatic"(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans"______".

A.Exaggerated

B.Melodic

C.Decent

D.Dramatical

7、

AynRand'sstandpointdoesNOTinclude______.

A.radicalindividualism

B.laissez-fairecapitalism

C.racialdiscrimination

D.avoidanceofaltruismandreligion

8、

WhyisthebadeconomygoodnewsforRand'slegacy?

A.Becauseitmadeherbookssellwell.

B.Becausetherewasexcoriationtowardsherbooks.

C.Becauseshewasamodestsuccessfulwriter.

D.Becauseherviewpointtriggeredtherecentfinancialcrisis.

9、

WhatdowelearnaboutAynRand?

A.ShewasborninaproletarianJewishfamily.

B.Shelikedcommunismandanysortofcolleetivism.

C.SheandherhusbandhadneverworkedforRepublican.

D.Heroriginalnamewasn'tAyn.

10、

Thebesttitleforthetextis______.

A.AynRand'sStory

B.AynRand'sBooks

C.AynRand:ExtremistorVisionary

D.AdorationofAynRand

11、Assummerrollsaround,lawmakersinWashingtonarepreparingtovoteonajobsbillthatwouldinclude$1billionforsummerjobsforteens.Muchoftheurgencyfortheprogramstemsfromtheprivate-sectorplungeinsummerjobsforteenagersoverthepastfewyears.It'snosecretthattherecessionwallopedteens'jobsasmuchasitdidtheirparents.Butsomeeconomistsfindtheclamorforpublicjobsprogramsalittleironic,givenlastyear'smidrecessionminimumwageincrease,whichmayhavereducedteenemploymentevenbeyondtherecessionarydrop.

Beforetheminimumwagejumpedto$7.25anhourlastsummer,UniversityofCalifornia-IrvineeconomistDavidNeumarkestimatedthatitwouldleadtoanadditional300000joblossesforteensandyoungadults.The2022wageincreasewassetinmotioninabetterlabormarketinMay2022,whenCongressvotedtoboosttheminimumfrom$5.15anhourto$7.25anhouroverthecourseofthenexttwoyears.

It'shardtoparsethejobslostbecauseoftherecessionandthoselostbecauseoftheminimumwageincrease--there'snodirectevaluationoftheimpactofthewageincreaseyet--butit'slikelythatraisingthewagefloorcontributedtotherecord-highteenunemploymentrates,Neumarksays."Almosteveryoneacceptsthatminimumwagesdecreaseemploymentorlikelyincreaseunemploymentoftheleast-skilled,"hesays.Neumarkadvocatedfordelayinglastyear'sincrease.

Theunemploymentrateforteenagerswas25.4percentinApril,comparedwith9.9percentoverall,accordingtotheBureauofLaborStatistics.Teensgenerallyhavehigherunemploymentrates.InNovember2022,themonthbeforethestartoftherecession,theunemploymentratefortheoverallpopulationwas4.7percent,versus16.2percentforworkersaged16to19.Teenemploymenthasbeendecliningforsometime.Thepercentageofteenswithjobshasfallenfromabout57percentin1989toabout40percentin2022(bothdatesreflecthealthyeconomies).Thereasonsarediverse.Foronething,increasedschoolenrollmentappearstoaccountforaboutathirdofthatdecline,accordingtotheEconomicPolicyInstitute."Forteens,therehasbeenaremarkablelong-termshiftfromsummeremploymenttosummerenrollment,"reportsEPIeconomistHeidiShierholz.

Oneofthecriticalissuesforjob-seekingteensisthechangingfaceofthecompetition,whichisincreasinglyskilled."Notonlyaretheycompetingwitheachotherforavailablepositions,buttheyarecompetingwithrecentcollegegraduatesandjobseekerswhohavetwoormoreyearsofon-the-jobexperienceandarewillingtotakealmostanypositionthatprovidesasteadypaycheck,"saysJohnChallengerofoutplacementfirmChallenger,GrayChristmas.

Theword"walloped"(Line3,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans"______".

A.decreased

B.affected

C.increased

D.hit

12、

Whyisithardtoanalyzethejobslost?

A.Becausethere'snodatashowingtheimpactofthewageincrease.

B.Becausetheminimumwagesdecreaseemploymentrates.

C.Becausetherearesomeunstablefactors.

D.Becausesummeremploymenthasshiftedtosummerenrollment.

13、

Themostimportantthingforjob-seekingteensis______.

A.havingoneormoreyearsofon-the-jobexperience

B.raisingthewagefloor

C.havinganewperspectiveoncompetition

D.makingagoodcurriculumvitae

14、

Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Economicrecessionwouldleadtoanadditionaljoblosses.

B.Washingtonvotesonajobsbillforincreasingteenagers'summerjobs.

C.Theincreaseinteenunemploymentratesisattributedtothecombinationoftherecessionandotherfactors.

D.Raisingthewagefloorcontributedtothehighteenunemploymentrates.

15、

WecaninferthatJohnChallenger'sattitudetowardsjob-huntingis______.

A.optimistic

B.indifferent

C.neutral

D.worried

16、RigobertoPadilla,21,cametotheUSAfromMexicowhenhewas6.HewenttoschoolinChicago,joinedthehonorsocietyanddreamedofbecomingalawyer-allwhilelivinghereillegally.Padilla'sstatuswasn'taproblemuntilheappliedforcollegeandcouldn'tqualifyforfinancialaidwithoutaSocialSecuritynumber,hesays.

InJanuary,theUniversityofIllinois-Chicagojuniorwaschargedwithdrunkendriving.Hepleadedguiltytoamisdemeanor(輕罪),paidafineandgotcourtsupervision,butthatbroughthimtotheattentionofimmigrationofficialsandtriggereddeportationproceedings."Itwasonemistakeinmylife,"hesays.

Padilla'simpendingdeportation,catapulted(猛投)himintoacampaigntostopthedeportationofcollegestudentsandrecentgraduates.Lawmakers,students,membersoftheclergyandotheracti-vistshopetobuythestudentstimeandusetheirstoriestopushforlawsthatwouldallowthem,andperhapsmillionsofotherillegalimmigrants,toearnlegalstatus,saysJoshuaHoytoftheIllinoisCoalitionforImmigrantandRefugeeRights.ImmigrationandCustomsEnforcement(ICE)agreedlastweektodelayPadilla'sdeportationforayear,makinghimoneofatleastsevenyoungillegalimmigrantswhohavehadtheirdeportationsdelayedsinceJune,accordingtoDreamActivist,oneofthegroupsspearheadingthecampaign.FamilytiesandcommunitystandingareamongthefactorsICEconsiderswhenaskedtodelayadeportation,saysICEspokesmanRichardRocha.

"Iwanttograduatecollegeandgivebacktothiscountry,"Padillasays.HissupportersfloodedtheDepartmentofHomelandSecuritywiththousandsoffaxesanddesignedaFacebookpagetelling2800membershowtohelp.TheChicagoCityCouncilpassedaresolutioninhisbehalf,andRep.JanSchakowsky,D-Ill.,introducedabillspecificallyforhimthatwouldallowhimtostay."Whywouldwedepriveourselvesofoutstandingstudentsandfutureleaders?"sheasks."Theyhadnopartinthedecisiontocomehere."

Thereare12millionillegalimmigrantsintheUSA.Activistscallforanoverhaulofimmigrationlawthatwouldofferthemawaytoearnlegalstatus.Rep.LuisGutierrez,Dill.,introducedabillTuesdaythatwouldgiveillegalimmigrantswhopayfines,passbackgroundchecksandmeetotherrequirementsapathtowardlegalresidency.CollegestudentswhoareillegalimmigrantsfailunderaseparateproposalcalledtheDevelopment,ReliefandEducationforAlienMinorsAct--theDREAMAct.RequirementswouldincludearrivalintheUSAat15oryounger,afive-yearresidencyormore,andatleasttwoyearsofcollegeormilitaryservice.Versionsoftheacthavebeenintroducedsince2022withoutsuccess.

Padillacouldbedeportedbecause______.

A.hewaschargedwithdrunkendriving

B.hehadnoSocialSecuritynumber

C.hedidnotgetthefinancialaidinthecollege

D.hewasanillegalin,migrant

17、

ThefundamentalreasonforPadilla'sdeportationdelayisthat______.

A.theofficialswillinvestigatethecasenolongerbecauseofthelaw

B.manypeopleaskedforthedelayofthedeportationforhim

C.heisstillacollegestudent

D.ICEconsideredthefactorshisfamilytiesandcommunitystanding

18、

WhydosomeAmericansaskforlegalstatusforsomeillegalimmigrants?

A.Becausetheywouldgetdecentjobsinthefuture.

B.Becausetheywouldbecomeoutstandingpeopleandgivebacktothecountry.

C.Becausetherearesomelawstoprotectthem.

D.Becausetheyarenotharmfultothecountry.

19、

Accordingtothetext,illegalimmigrantsintheUS______.

A.arenotallowedtoapplyforcolleges

B.havealreadyhadanimmigrationlaw

C.cannotjoinanycommunity

D.cannotgetajobforliving

20、

Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?

A.IfastudentintheUSischargedwithdrunkendriving,hewillnotqualifyforfinancialaid.

B.Thereisn'talawtooffertheillegalimmigrantsearnlegalstatus.

C.Padillaisnotarealillegalimmigrant.

D.NotalltheillegalimmigrantsintheUSwillbedeportedeventually.

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.

FieldsacrossEuropearecontaminatedwithdangerouslevelsoftheantibioticsgiventofarmanimals.Thedrugs,whichareinmanuresprayedontofieldsasfertilizers,couldbegettingintoourfoodandwater,helpingtocreateanewgenerationofantibiotic-resistant"superbugs".

ThewarningcomesfromaresearcherinSwitzerlandwholookedatlevelsofthedrugsinfarmslurry.41．______

Some20,000tonsantibioticsareusedintheEuropeanUnionandtheUSeachyear.Morethanhalfaregiventofarm-animalstopreventdiseaseandpromotegrowth.Butrecentresearchhasfoundadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseduseofthesefarmyarddrugsandtheappearanceofantibiotic-resistantbugsthatinfectpeople.

42．______Butfarmoreofthedrugsendupinmanurethaninmeatproducts,saysStephenMuelleroftheSwissFederalInstituteforEnvironmentalScienceandTechnologyinDubendorf.Andmanurecontainsespeciallyhighlevelsofbugsthatareresistanttoantibiotics,hesays.

Withmillionsoftonsofanimalsmanurespreadontofieldsofcropssuchaswheatandbarleyeachyear,thispathwayseemsanequallylikelyrouteforspreadingresistance,hesaid.43．______Theycouldalsobeleachingintotapwaterpumpedfromrocksbeneathfertilizedfields.

Muellerisparticularlyconcernedaboutagroupofantibioticscalledsulphonamides.Theydonoteasilydegradeordissolveinwater.HisanalysisfoundthatSwissfarmmanurecontainsahighpercentageofsulphonamides;eachhectareoffieldcouldbecontaminatedwithupto1kilogramofthedrugs.44．______Butvetsarenottreatingtheissueseriously.

Thereisgrowingconcernattheextenttowhichdrugs,includingantibiotics,arepollutingtheenvironment.45．______

[A]Thedrugscontaminatethecrops,whicharetheneaten.

[B]Thisconcentrationishighenoughtotriggerthedevelopmentofresistanceamongbacteria.

[C]Animalantibioticsisstillanareatowhichinsufficientattentionhasbeenpaid.

[D]Mostresearchersassumedthathumansbecomeinfectedwiththeresistantstrainsbyeatingcontaminatedmeat.

[E]Thereisnodoubtthatthefoodanddrinkisalwaysimportanttothehealth.

[F]Manydrugsgiventohumansarealsoexcretedunchangedandarenotbrokendownbyconventionalsewagetreatment.

[G]HisfindingsareparticularlyshockingbecauseSwitzerlandisoneofthefewcountriestohavebannedantibioticsasgrowthpromotersinanimalfeed.

(41)

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Notmanyindustriesaredoingwellintherecession.Butalongwithdiscountretailersandpawnbrokers,online-datingsitessuchaseHarmony,cornandOkChaveseenbusinesslookup.Thereareseveraltheor