牛津上海版 中考英語 常見的詞綴、例詞及練習(xí)

牛津滬教版常見的詞綴、例詞及練習(xí)

1.定義：是指只能粘附在詞根上構(gòu)成新詞的語素。包括前綴與后綴

2.詞綴示例：

a.前綴：

e.g.like-dwlike,happy-wnhappy,usual—“"usual,appear-disappear,possible-impossible

b.后綴：

e.g.use-useful,pollute-pollution,comfort-comfort—況e,change-changeable,secret-secretary

3.用法

【前綴】

前綴放在單詞的前面，主要改變單詞的意思、。主要有否定前綴,表“重復(fù)”的前綴.及表“相互”的前綴

a.否定前綴

令un-

happy一unhappy,usual—unusual,real—unreal,friendly—unfriendly,tidy—untidy

comfortable-uncomfortable,able-unable,lucky-unlucky,healthy-unhealthy,fortunate-unfortunate

令dis-

like-dislike,agree-disagree,honest-dishonest,appear-disappear,able-disabled

(disorder,discover)

?im-/in-

possible——impossible,polite——impolite,active——inactive,correct——incorrect,

b.表“重復(fù)”的前綴

令re-

turn——return,view——review,start―restart,union——reunion,write——rewrite,do——redo

c.表“相互”的前綴

令inter-

national—international,net—internet,view—interview,personal-interpersonal,

(act—interact)

d.表“數(shù)字”的前綴

令uni-單一；統(tǒng)一

uniform,unit,union,theUnitedStatesofAmerica,theUnitedKingdom,unicorn,universe,university

令bi-二，雙

bicycle,bicultural,bilateral

令tri-三，三倍

triangle,triple,trilogy,tricycle

令quadra-四，四倍

quarter

e.表“向前”的前綴

令pro-

progress,process,project,propose

f.表“轉(zhuǎn)移”的前綴

令trans-

transform,transplant,translate,

g.表“提前”的前綴

令pre-

predict,preview,preheat,prehistory,prewar

h.變使役動詞的前綴

?en-

enable,enrich,enlarge,endanger,encourage

【名詞性后綴】

1.者名詞

1)-er,-eer表示"從事于..人”

wait—waiter,win—winner,paint-painter,begin-beginner,

bake—baker,manager—manager,write—writer,engine—engineer

2)-or,表示“做……的人”

educate-educator,act-actor,operate—operator,

sail—sailor,direct—director,invent—inventor,visit-visitor

3)-ess,表示"女性人稱名詞，

act-actress,host—hostess,prince—princess,wait—waitress

4)-ee,表示“動作承受者

employ—employee,examine-examinee,train-trainee,interview-interviewee

5)-ist,表示”……家，…….者，…….能手”

tour—tourist,art—artist,piano—pianist,science-scientist,

novel-novelist,dental-dentist,chemistry-chemist,type-typist

6)-ary,表示”從事..的人”

secret—secretary,

7)-ine,表示“女性人稱

hero—heroine,

8)-an,-ian,表示”..地方的人，精通....的人”

America-American,India-Indian,Asia—Asian,

music-musician,magic—magician,physical-physician

10)-ese,表示”...國人，…..地方的人”

Japan-Japanese,China-Chinese

11)-ant,-ent,表示”...者”

assist-assistant,serve-servant,study—student,

agency-agent,participate-participant

12)-man,-woman,表示“從事于...人”

sale—salesman,saleswoman,police—policeman,policewoman,

business—businessman,businesswoman,

fish-fisherman,post-postman

注意部分?er結(jié)尾不表示人的單詞

如：cook—cooker,serve—server,heat——heater,cool—cooler,fly—flyer

2.構(gòu)成具有抽象名詞的后綴

表示行為，狀況及結(jié)果

1)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,

act—action,solve-solution,conclude-conclusion,pollute-pollution,create(creative)—creation

discuss—discussion,organize—organization,decide—decision,direct—direction,

operate—operation,exhibit—exhibition,invent—invention,invite—invitation

2)-ment,

advertise—advertisement,develop—development,punish—punishment,argue—argument

3)-al,

refuse-refusal,arrive-arrival,survive—survival,approve-approval

4)-ing,

build—building,begin—beginning,meet—meeting,mean—meaning,

cycle-cycling,save—saving,train-training,say-saying

5)-ure,

please-pleasure,fail-failure,mix—mixture

表示性質(zhì)，程度，行為，狀態(tài)

6)-ance,-ence

important-importance,convenient-convenience,different-difference,

appear-appearance,absent-absence,enter—entrance,perform-performance,

refer—reference,silent—silence,guide-guidance

7)-ancy,-ency,

frequent-frequency,efficient-efficiency,emergent-emergency,agent-agency

8)-ity,

real-reality,able-ability,national-nationality,

active-activity,creative-creativity

9)-ety,

various-variety,anxious—anxiety,social—society

10)-bility,

possible—possibility,responsible-responsibility

11)-ice,

serve-service,choose-choice,advise-advice,

12)-th,

deep-depth,true-truth,long-length,grow-growth,wide-width,die(dead)—death

13)-ness,

good-goodness,kind-kindness,happy—happiness,

ill—illness,lonely—loneliness,empty-emptiness

表示身份，等級，領(lǐng)域，狀態(tài)

14)-ship,

member—membership,friend-friendship

15)-age,

pack—package,marry-marriageapost—postage

16)-dom,

free—freedom,king—kingdom,wise—wisdom

17)-hood,

child—childhood,neighbour—neighbourhood,

【鞏固測試】

1.Recentlymanyaregoingtoeveningschoolforfurtherstudy.(work)

2.AgreatnumberofhighhaveriseninShanghaiduringthelast10years.(build)

3.Aftermuch,weallagreedtosharethecost,(discuss)

4.WhitewasawaytotheSouthlastmonth,sohedidn'tattendtheinBeijing,(meet)

5.1amaregulartotheBaiduwebsite.(visit)

6.Wehavemadeatoenterforthecontest,(decide)

7.MostofthepassengersweresatisfiedwiththeoftheEasternAirline.(serve)

8.WhoistheofHarryPotter?(write)

9.Computersaresuper.(calculate)

10.Theofthegameiswavinghishandtotheaudience.(win)

11."Afriendinneedisafriendindeed."isafamousChinese.(say)

12.Withtherapid,Chinaisplayingamoreimportantroleintheinternationalsociety,(develop)

13."It'satomeetyou."saidtheboytohisfriend,(please)

14.HarryisdreamingofbeinganlikeTomCruise.(act)

15.Thegeneralofthatnewcompanyisaquiteyounglady.(manage)

16.Myparentsarebothofthatartmuseum.(paint)

17.Thelittlegirliscleverenoughtoreciteeverytextinthebookfromtoend.(begin)

18.Thissoftdrinkisaoffourdifferentkinds.Ittastesdelicious,(mix)

19.Thisisfbryouronly,(refer)

20.Mr.Jacksonhasreceivedantohisfriend'sbirthdayparty,(invite)

[2021一模&二模】

1.It'sanewstoryfullof,adventureandheroiccharacters,(act)(2021楊浦一模)

2.Themoviecardwasnoavailable,soIthrewitaway,(length)(2021虹口一模)

3.Computerswereconsideredasoneofthegreatestinthe1920sthoughtheywereveryhugeat

thattime,(invent)(2021寶山一模)

4.Twoaredirectingtrafficatthecrossing,(policewoman)(2021普陀一模)

5.Theofthatbridgeisover200metres,(long)(2021普陀一模)

6.Wendy'sfatherhelpedheranewwayofdoingbusiness.(invention)(2021普陀一模)

7.Thegovernmentisplanningtomorejobsforyoungpeople,(creation)(2021松江一模)

8.Weareconfidentofthedoctor'stocurethisdisease,(able)(2021松江一模)

9.ThePonyExpresswasastartedin1860thatcarriedmailandnewsthroughouttheWest,(serve)

(2021奉賢一模)

10.Don'tjumptoconclusions!We'dbettertheproblemfirst,(discussion)(2021奉賢一模)

11.Themanagersaidthattheofthereportmustbeatleastfifteenminutes,(long)(2021嘉定一模)

12.Aisnotapersonwhoneverfails,butapersonwhonevergivesup.(win)(2021浦東一模)

13.Ifsimportantforstudentstobuildrelationshipswithothermembersofthe.（social）（2021徐匯一模）

14.Thesuddenofthepetdogmadetheoldladyverysad.（dead）（2021長寧一模）

15.Greenpeaceisaninternationalthatprotectstheenvironment,（organize）（2021崇明一模）

16.Boththegovernmentandthepublicshouldfindwaystoreduce.（pollute）（2021黃浦一模）

17.ThefamilyhadareallytriptoThailandduringthesummerholiday,（please）（2021靜安一模）

18.Themanwhomadeacallwhiledrivingshouldtakefortheaccident.（responsible）

（2021靜安一模）

19.Inthefuture,Joewouldliketoatrucklikehisfather,（driver）（2021閔行一模）

20.Keepingpetdogsisagoodidea,andwecanlearnaboutfromit.（responsible）（2021閔行一模）

21.Ifyouhadchosentotelltheatfirst,youwouldnotbeintroublenow.（true）（2021奉賢二模）

22.Foodwasteisoneofthebiggestproblemsnowadays,（society）（2021奉賢二模）

23.Computerscanbeusedtorailways,andflyairplanesandspaceships,（operation）（2021奉賢二模）

24.Weaskedalocaltocomeandshowherworktothestudents,（art）（2021楊浦二模）

25.Themanageroftherestauranthastrainedthewaitresstocorrectlyattable,（service）

（2021楊浦二模）

26.Asspringishere,animalscanfeeltheandwakeupfromtheirwintersleep,（warm）

（2021黃浦二模）

27.Keeptherulesforthepublic.Beapolite.（visit）（2021靜安二模）

28.Hefoundthattherewasnothingbutpeaceandhere,（happy）（2021閔行二模）

29.It'snecessaryforstudentstolearntorelationshipsandcommunicatewithothersintheteam,

（development）（2021虹口二模）

30.Theoverthereisinabadstateanditneedssomerepairwork,（build）（2021徐匯二模）

31.Jennylivesabusylifeandshejoinsdifferentclubstomakenewfriends,（society）（2021徐匯二模）

32.Pouringrubbishintotheriverwillthewaterwedrink.（pollution）（2021普陀二模）

33.Zakisafriendlyneighbourandhetreatotherswith.（kind）（2021普陀二模）

34.Nowadayyoungpeoplechecktheirmediamoreoftenthanbefore,（society）（2021青浦二模）

35.“NightBanquet（宴會）inPalaceofTangDynasty^^wasonethemanyexcellentduringtheHenan

SpringFestivalGala（演出）.（perform）（2021青浦二模）

36.Nowmoreandmoreparentshaverealizedtheofoutdoorplay,（important）（2021金山二模）

37.TheoftheCassetteTape（盒式磁帶）,LouOttens,diesattheageof94.（invent）（2021金山二模）

38.Jerryisinterestedindifferentkindsofoutdoorsuchasskiingandcamping,（act）（2021寶山二模）

39.Myteachersoftenmetotakenotesinclassandhaveareviewafterschool,(advice)(2021寶山二

模)

【形容詞后綴】

1).able,ible表示“能夠”

change—changeable,comfort—comfortable,forget—unforgettable,

reason-reasonable,possible-possibility

2)-ful表示“充分的”含義

help—helpful,use—useful,care—careful,beauty—beautiful,

colour—colourful,meaning—meaningful,wonder—wonderful,

hope—hopeful,harm-harmful

3)-less,通常是ful結(jié)尾形容詞的反義詞

help-helpless,use-useless,care-careless,colour-colourless,

meaning-meaningless,hope-hopeless,harm-harmless

4)-ed,通常修飾人或表示被動含義，

interest-interested,surprise-surprised,relax-relaxed,bore-bored

excite-excited,disappoint-disappointed,please-pleased,

5)-ing,通常修飾物或表示主動含義，

interest-interesting,surprise-surprising,relax-relaxing,

excite-exciting,disappoint-disappointing,bore-boring

6)-y,表示有…性質(zhì)的、有…傾向的

rain—rainy,cloud—cloudy,sun—sunny,wind—windy,

snow-snowy,noise-noisy,luck—lucky,health—healthy,

6)-ive,表示有…性質(zhì)的、有…傾向的

act-active,nation-native,create-creative,effect-effective

7)-ous,表示“充分的”含義

danger—dangerous,fame-famous,variety—various

8)-ic,表示有…性質(zhì)的、有…傾向的

base-basic,comedy-comic,fantasy-fantastic,electricity-electric

9)-al,表示有…性質(zhì)的、有…傾向的

person—personal,nation—national,emotion-emotional,physics—physical

chemistry-chemical,nature-natural,globe-global,society-social

locate-local,medicine-medical,

10)-ern,表示“方向”

west-western,east-eastern,north—northern,south——southern

11)-an表示“國籍”

America—American,Asia—Asian,India—Indian,Canada-Canadian

12)-ese,表示“國籍”

Japan—Japanese,China-Chinese

注意：部分以ly結(jié)尾的不是副詞，而是形容詞

friendly,lovely,likely,lonely,elderly,lively

【副詞后綴】

(1)直接力口ly,careful—carefullyquick—quicklypolite—politelyextreme—extremely

complete-completely,recent-recentlyloud—loudlyclear—clearly

immediate—immediatelywide-widely

(2)以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加ly構(gòu)成副詞

possible-possiblycomfortable-comfortablytrue-trulygentle-gently

(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，改y為i加ly

happy-happilyheavy-heavilyhealthy-healthilynoisy-noisily

lucky-luckilyangry-angrilyeasy-easily

注意：部分以ly結(jié)尾的不是副詞，而是形容詞

friendly,lovely,likely,lonely,elderly,lively

部分形容詞和副詞同形：

fast-fast,hard-hard,early-early,high-high

加了ly后意思有區(qū)別，試比較：

hard-hardly,high一highly高度地；非常

【鞏固練習(xí)】

[2021一模】

1.Everymorning,thestudentstandattheschoolgateandgreettheteachers.(polite)(2021奉賢一模)

2.Ithinkoneofthemostwaystoimprovememoryisthelinkmethod,(effect)(2021虹口一模)

3.YouneedtheknowledgeofI.T.toapplyforthisjob.(base)(2021虹口一模)

4.Weallknowthatsuccessinstudydependsonone'sowneffort,(main)(2021虹口一模)

5.Joe'sparentscouldn'tunderstandwhyhemadesuchadecisionyesterday,(surprise)(2021嘉定一模)

6.Theneighbours9helpwarmedherandmadeherfeelaftertheterriblefire.(hope)(2021嘉定——模)

7.Nearly90%studentsinbigcitiesownmobilephonesaccordingtoastudy.(recently)(2021嘉定一模)

8.Keepinganimalsincagesinzooswillmakethemunhappyandirritable(煩躁的).(extreme)

(2021嘉定一模)

9.Thedeliveryman'sjobistodeliverthingstopeopleasaspossible,(immediate)(2021浦東一模)

10.Youshouldbetolifeandsmilewhenyouhaveahardtime,(hope)(2021浦東一模)

11.,Imissedthebeginningofthelecturebecauseofthetrafficjam.(fortunately)(2021浦東一模)

12.HenryhastravelledinAsiaandknowsalotaboutdifferentcountriesthere,(wide)

(2021普陀一模)

13.Becauseofherbusyschedule,itisforhertospendmuchtimetraveling.(possible)

(2021普陀一模)

14.TheseyearsChinahasmadegreateffortstoensurepeople'ssenseofsafety.(person)

(2021徐匯一模)

15.ThescientificresearchChang'e-5didonthemoonreallymademefeel.(interest)

(2021徐匯一模)

16.Theyarddoorsusuallyhaveweaklocksandyoucanopenthem.(easy)(2021楊浦一模)

17.Sowhat'sgoingon,yousoundonthephone?(worry)(2021楊浦一模)

18.Thehi-techindustryattractsmanypeopletoworkthere.(create)(2021長寧一模)

19.1wonderifyouhavevisitedtheplacesofinterestinShanghai.(recent)(2021長寧一模)

20.Everyoneshouldlearnhowtobeinourdailylife,(depend)(2021長寧一模)

21.Insomecountries,itistoopenthegiftsinfrontoftheguests,sotrytoavoidit.(polite)

(2021青浦一模)

22.Chang'e5roboticprobehasbroughtbacktherocksandsoilfromthemoon,(succeed)

(2021青浦一模)

23.Eventuallystudentswillgraduatefromschoolstoliveasfullyadults,(depend)(2021青]甫一模)

[2021二模】

24.WaltDisneycreatedalotofcharactersinhiscartoons,(forget)(2021虹口二模)

25.Playingcomputergamesfortoolongdoesharmtopeople'sandmentalhealth,(physics)

(2021虹口二模)

26.Someofficersturnedintolivestreamers(網(wǎng)絡(luò)主播)tohelpfarmerstoselltheirproducts,(locate)

(2021虹口二模)

27.5Gtechnologywillbeusedinourdailylifeinthenearfuture,(wider)(2021虹口二模)

28.Mumlaidthebabydownonthebed.(gentle)(2021靜安二模)

29.Hewouldratherbepoorthangetmoneyinsucha(n)way.(honest)(2021靜安二模)

30.Thecampersaresothattheymaycauseafire.(care)(2021楊浦二模)

31.Abusinesswithoutacustomerwillsurelydie.(satisfying)(2021