高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)測試 說明文寫作

…………○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○……○…………外…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………※※請※※不※※要※※在※※裝※※訂※※線※※內(nèi)※※答※※題※※…………○…………內(nèi)…………○…………裝…………○…………訂…………○…………線…………○…………備考2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)測試說明文寫作1.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

"Helicopterparents"isadescriptionofparentswhoarehoveringovertheirchildreninastateofextremeconcern.Theyalwaysshowuptosolvetheirchildren'sproblems,protectthemfromrealorimaginedharm,resolvestressfulsituation,offeradviceandgetthemoutoftrouble,eveniftheymisbehaved.Althoughoutofloveandconcern,itcanhaveharmfuleffectontheirchildren'semotionaldevelopmentandfutureautonomy.

Childrenlearnthroughtheirmistakes.Butifyouintervene(介入)atfirstsignofstruggleandfinishyourchild'shomework,he'llmissoutonvaluablelearningopportunities.You'resendinghimthemessagethatheneedstobeperfectandfailureisnotanoption,otherwiseyouwouldn'talwaystakeoverforhim.

Byconstantlyrescuingyourchildfromstressfulsituation,you'resendinghimamessagethatyoudon'tbelievehe'scapableoftakingcareofhimself.Childrendevelopself-esteembylearninghowtocompletechallengeontheirown.Ifyouarealwaysintervening,he'sdeniedthisvitalstageinhisgrowth.Asaresult,yourchildmaylacktheconfidencenecessarytodowellinschool,pursuehobbiesandinterests,anddevelopfriendships.

Ifyou'realwaystakingcareofeverythingforyourchild,it'llbemoredifficultforhimtobecomeindependent.Asanadult,hemightfindithardtotakecareofhimself,becausehe'sneverdevelopedcopingskillstodealwithlife'schallenges.Hemightsufferfromirrationalfears,anxietyanddepression,whichcouldleadhimtodropoutofcollegeorfrequentlychangejobs,accordingtoDr.MicheleBorba.Insteadofdevelopinghealthyrelationships,hemightseekapartnerwhowilltakecareofhimorcontrolling,ashisparentswere.

Youcanhelpyourchildbecomemoreindependentbyallowinghimtocompletetasksandchallengesonhisownwithoutyourintervention.Evenifhefailsatfirst

don'tinterfere---encouragehimtostartagain.Showthatyouhavefaithinhisabilitiestosucceedwithoutyourhelp.Allowhimtolearnnaturalconsequences.Evensmallthingscanhelphimbecomemoreindependent---makinghisownbed,preparinghisownlunch,shoppingforhisownclothesanddoinghomeworkwithoutyourhelp.2.Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Areyouworkingwithyourcomputerroutinelyeitherasanofficeemployeeoragamelover?Areyoureyesdry,watery,blurry,seeingdoubleorsensitivetolight?Ifyouranswerisa"yes",youarelikelyoneofmanypeopletodaywhosufferfromdigitaleyestrain,alsocalledcomputer-visionsyndrome.Whatonearthisthissyndromecomingfrom?Whatcanwedotodealwiththisproblem?

Eyestrainisoftenrelatedtotheamountofexposuretoscreens,thedistancefromeyestoscreensandtheuseofmultiplescreenssimultaneously.However,studieshavealsoshownthatthebluelightproducedbydigitaldevicestodayreachesfurtherintotheeyesthanotherkindsoflight.Thislightactuallyassistsattentionduringthedaybutcanresultininterruptedsleeppatternsatnight.

Yearsofscientificresearchesindicatethateyestrainisn'tnecessarilyanunavoidableproblemforthosewhodealwithcomputerworkinthedailybase.Therearewaysyoucanadoptwhichcanovercometheproblemconsiderably.Tobeginwith,yourcomputerscreenshouldbehigh-resolution(高分辨率),atleast50centimeterswidediagonallyandmayrequireascreenfiltertodecreasereflections.Also,beawarethat"computerglasses",whichcutdownglareandbluelight，areavailable.

Besides,toreduceyourriskforcomputer-visionsyndrome,takefrequentbreaksduringyourcomputerworkday.Manyworkerstakeonlytwo15-minutebreaksfromtheircomputerthroughouttheirday.Accordingtoarecentstudy,eyestrainaresignificantlyreducedwhencomputerworkerstakefouradditionalfive-minute"mini-breaks"throughouttheirworkday.Finally,manyofusfallintobadhabitswhileusingdigitalscreens,whichonlyworsentheeffectsofeyestrain.Whileviewingdigitalscreens,manypeopleblink(眨眼)onethirdlessoftenthantheyusuallydo.Placeareminderonyourcomputerto"blink"sothatyoureyesdon'tdryout.3.概要寫作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Whenaratherdirty,poorly-dressedpersonkneelsatyourfeetandputsouthishandstobegforafewcoins,doyouhurryon,notknowingwhattodo,ordoyoufeelsadandhurriedlyhandoversomemoney?Whatshouldourattitudetobeggarsbe?Therecan'tbenoquestionthattheworldisfullofterriblesadstories.Itmustbeterribletohavenoideawhereournextmealiscomingfrom.Itseemscruelnottogivesomemoneytobeggars.

Certainly,mostoftheworld'sgreatreligionsorderustobeopen-heartedandsharewhatwehavewiththoselessfortunatethanourselves.Buthastheworldchanged?Maybewhatwasmorallyrightintheolddays,whenoneknewexactlywhointhevillagehadsufferedmisfortuneandneededhelp,isnolongerthebestidea.Quiteafewpeoplewillnotgivetobeggars.Letuslookattheirarguments.

First,somebelievethatmanycitybeggarsdressuponpurposetolookpitiableandactuallymakeagoodlivingfrombegging.Givingtobeggarsonlyencouragesthissortofevils.Secondly,thereistheworrythatthemoneyyougivewillbespentonbeer,wineordrugs.Thirdly,thereistheopinionthatthereisnorealexcuseforbegging.Onemightbepoor,butthatisnoreasonforlosingone'ssenseofprideandself-dependence.

Relatedtothisistheopinionthattheproblemshouldbedealtwithbythegovernmentratherthanordinarypeople.Somepeoplethinkbeggarsshouldgotothelocalgovernmentdepartmentandreceivehelp.

Itishardtocometoaconclusion;therearevariouscasesandwemustdealwiththemdifferently.Afewcoinscansavealifeinsomesituations,andevenifthemoneyiswasted,thatdoesnottakeawaythemoralgoodnessofthegiver.4.Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.China'sNationalTreasure

Pandasareindangerofextinctionatpresent,withonly1,900remainingintheworld.Thescientificnameofthegiantpandaisactuallycalledthecatbear,thenumberofwhichisveryscarce.Itisoneofthemostpreciousanimalsintheworldandbelongstotheprotectedanimalsatthenationallevel.Itsbodycolorisblackandwhite.GiantpandasareuniquetoChina,verycute.TheexistingmajorhabitatsareinthesurroundingmountainousareassuchasSichuanandShanxiinChina.Thegiantpandahasaverypowerfulfunction:digestingbamboo.Weallknowthatbambooismainlycellulose(纖維素),andmostanimalscan'tdigestitexceptgiantpandas.Thegiantpanda'shometownisinthemountainssouthwestofChina,greenbamboosandspringseverywhere.Therefore,thegiantpanda'smainfoodconsistsofbambooandspringwater.

Giantpandasareoftenreferredtoaslivingfossils.Hundredsofthousandsofyearsago,itwasthepeakperiodofgiantpandas.Thisisofgreatscientificvalueforstudyingandprotectingbiodiversityandenvironmentalchangesontheearth.Long,longago,theclimateoftheearthbecamecolderandcolder,manyicecubesformedontheearth;plantscouldnotgrow,andmanyanimalswerefrozenorstarvedtodeath.Thegiantpandaalonesurvivedinthedeepvalleysofthemountainsandbecameatreasureoftheanimalworld.Thegiantpandastillretainsthecharacteristicsofancientanimals.Therefore,thegiantpandaisnotonlypopularwithadultsandchildrenintermsofappearance,butalsobecomesalivingfossilforbiologiststostudyancientcreatures.

Thestatusofgiantpandashasbeenpoliticized.Giantpandascanbeseeninalmostallthemajorcountriesintheworld.ThegiantpandahasbecomeawitnessoffriendshipbetweenChinaandforeigncountries.Fordecades,whereverthegiantpandagoes,apandawhirlwindwillblow.Withitscharmedfigureandnaturalcuteness,theChinesegiantpandaattractsnumerousfansaroundtheworld,andatthesametimeplaystheroleoffriendshipambassadorinChina'sforeignexchanges,becomingoneofthemostfamoussymbolsinChina.5.Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Aninternationalteamofresearchersfoundemployeeswhoendurewhatisknownas"abusivesupervision"aremorelikelytobehavepoorlyonpurposebymessinguptasks,arrivinglate,takinglongbreaksandputtinginminimaleffort.

Theauthorsofthestudy,publishedintheJournalofManagement,soughttoanswerwhyhorriblebossesmakeemployeeslesswillingtoshowwhatisknownasorganizationalcitizenshipbehavior(OCB),orcommitmenttothecompanyoutsideoftheircontractualobligations.Thatcouldincludehelpingcolleaguesorvolunteeringforunusualworkhours.Theyalsoassesseditseffectonaworker'stendencytoharmtheorganization,bydisplayingcounterproductive(反作用的)workbehavior(CWB).

Tofindoutmore,anduncoverwhichnegativeoutcomebullying(欺凌)behaviorismorelikelytocause,researchersfromSouthwesternUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsinChina,RenminUniversityofChinaandSwinburneUniversityofTechnologyinAustraliacooperatedandanalyzed427existingstudies.Theyfoundworkersactedouteitherbecausetheyfelttheywerebeingtreatedunfairlyintheworkplace,orfeltstressedandthisaffectedtheirabilitytoperformasexpected.AnemployeewhofelttheywereavictimofinjusticetendedmoretowardsreluctancetoshowOCB.Stressedworkers,meanwhile,weremoreassociatedwithCWB.

Employerswhoworriedsupervisorsareaffectingproductivitycantakestepstoeaseissuesbyregularlytrainingmanagers,introducingpolicieswhichcopewithworkplaceinjusticesandhelpingworkerstodealwithstress.

Thisisnotthefirststudytosuggestunkindpracticescanaffectthewell-beingofworkers.ThepaperfollowsastudypublishedintheEuropeanHeartJournallastyear,whichshowedemployeeswhosufferbullyingaremorelikelytodevelopheartdiseasesthanthosewhoaren't.Bullyingandviolencearecommonatworkplacesandthoseexposedtothesestressorsareathigherrisk.6.Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Smallbusinessesholdthekeytoemployedhappiness.Asthecalendarflipstoanotheryear,manyemployeeswillconsiderstartingthenewyearonthehuntforanewjob.

Intoday'schangingworkforce,itismoreimportantthaneverforcompaniestorealizethatasalaryaloneisnolongerenoughtoattractorretainstrongemployees.

AccordingtoasurveybyAflac,smallbusinessdeservearoundofapplausefortheirabilitytokeepemployeeshappy.Thereportfoundthat85percentofsmall-businessemployeesarehappyintheircurrentjob,andmorethanhalf（51percent）agreethatmostoforalloftheirhappinessintheircurrentjobisaresultofworkingforasmallbusiness.

Nearlyaquarterofparticipants（23percent）statedthatthefeelingofimportancewasthebestpartofworkingforasmallbusiness.Smallbusinesseshavetheuniqueabilitytomakeemployeesfeelappreciated,respectedandvaluedonapersonalandprofessionallevel.

Inasmall-businessenvironment,therearetypicallyfewerlayersbetweennewcomersandleadership.Thistight-knitstructurecancreateafamily-likeatmospherethatallowsemployeestofeelthattheiropinionsmatterandthattheyplayasignificantroleinthebusiness'smission.

Flexibilityisalsovitalincreatingemployeehappiness.Accordingtothereport,30percentofrespondentsnotedthatflexibleschedulingwasthebestpartofworkingforasmallbusiness.Aworkplacethatpromoteshealthywork-lifebalancecancreatehappier,lessstressedemployeesandcanalsoincreaseproductivity.

Althoughsmallbusinessexcelatkeepingemployeeshappy,thereisalwaysroomforimprovement.Inasmall-businesscommunity,moneydoesnotseemtobetheonlymotivator.Infact,65percentofsmall-businessemployeesindicatethatanimprovementintheirbenefitsofferingswouldmakethemhappier.

Byofferingagreatbenefitsplanthatincludesvoluntarybenefits,smallbusinesscanensurethattheiremployeesareabletofindtherightbenefitstomeettheirindividualneeds.7.WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假設(shè)你將組織本班的畢業(yè)聚會，談?wù)勀愕木唧w設(shè)想并說明理由。內(nèi)容必須包括:1）明確聚會將在何時(shí)，何地，以何種形式舉行2）簡述你的理由(文中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱)8.Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Whatcomesfirst:theoptimismorthegoodhealth?

Optimism,definedasthegeneralexpectationthatthefuturewillbefavorable,couldprovidewaystoimprovehealth,someresearchersbelieve.Butscientistsremainunsureifoptimismgoesaheadofhealthimprovements,orviceversa.

Arecentstudysuggeststhatmostpeoplecan'thelpbuttothinkoptimistically.ThisstudywasconductedbyEdO'Brien,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Thefindingssuggestthatpeoplehaveanaturaltendencytothinkpositivelyabouttheirfuture.

Participantswereaskedtocreatealistofimaginarypersonalexperiencesthatwouldmakethemhappyorunhappyoverthecourseofthenextyear.Theythenrankedhowdifficultitwastoplanthatlistandhowhappytheybelievedtheywouldbeinthefutureoverall.Theeasieritwasforpeopletothinkofpositivefutureexperiences,thehappiertheyimaginedtheywouldbe.However,therewasnorelationshipbetweeneasilydevelopingnegativefutureexperiencesandexpectingtobeunhappyasaresult.

O'Brienconcludedthatpeopleseemtodiscountthepossibilitythatfuturenegativeeventswillmakethemhappyoverall,suggestingthatoptimismmightcomemorenaturally."We'renotasusedtothinkingaboutthefutureintermsofthingsthataregoingtogowrong."O'Brien'sstudyisoneofmanytofindthatpeopleareconsistentlyoptimisticabouttheirfuture,predictingpleasantexperiencesanddiscountingunpleasantones.Ifoptimismmayleadtobetterhealthandpeoplegenerallytendtothinkoptimistically,whatdoesthismeanfortheconnectionbetweenmentalandphysicalhealth?"Ifwecanmakesurethatoptimismcomesbeforehealthystates,wemightbeabletoinvolveandimprovepeople'soptimism,"Boehmexplained.However,it'sdifficulttodeterminewhatcomesfirst:theoptimismorthegoodhealth.9.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ThePossibleHealthDangersofAir-conditioners

Althoughmanyofusmayfeelair-conditionersbringrelieffromhot,humidorpollutedoutsideair,theyposemanypotentialhealthhazards.Muchresearchhaslookedathowthemovementofairinsideaclosedenvironment---suchasanofficebuilding---canspreaddiseaseorexposepeopleinthebuildingtoharmfulchemicals.

OneofthemorewidelypublicizeddangersisthatofLegionnaire'sdisease,whichwasfirstrecognizedinthe1970s.Thiswasfoundtohaveaffectedpeopleinbuildingswithair-conditioningsystemsinwhichwarmairpumpedoutofthesystem'coolingtowerswassomehowsuckedbackintotheairintake,inmostcasesduetopoordesign.Thewarmair,filledwithbacteria,wascombinedwithcooled,conditionedairandwasthencirculatedaroundvariouspartsofthebuilding.Studiesshowedthatevenpeopleoutsidesuchbuildingswereatriskiftheywalkedpastairexhaustpipes.

Largeair-conditioningsystemsaddwatertotheairtheycirculatebymeansofhumidifiers.Inoldersystems,thewaterusedforthisprocessiskeptinspecialreservoirs,thebottomsofwhichprovidebreedinggroundsforbacteriawhichcanfindtheirwayintotheventilationsystem.Therisktohumanhealthfromthissituationhasbeenhighlightedbythefactthattheimmunesystemsofapproximatelyhalfofworkersinair-conditionedofficebuildingshavedevelopedtheabilitytofightofftheorganismsfoundatthebottomofsystemreservoirs.Butchemicalscalled“biocides”areaddedtoreservoirstomakethemgerm-free,andtheyaredangerousintheirownrightinsufficientquantities,astheyoftencontaincompoundsstronglylinkedtocancers.

Finally,itshouldbepointedoutthattheartificialclimaticenvironmentcreatedbyair-conditionerscanalsoaffectus.Inanaturalenvironment,whetherindoororoutdoor,therearesmallvariationsintemperatureandhumidity.Indeed,thehumanbodyhaslongbeenaccustomedtothesenormalchanges.Inanair-conditionedlivingorworkingenvironment,however,bodytemperaturesremainwellunder37℃,ournormaltemperature.Thisleadstoaweakenedimmunesystemandthusgreaterexposuretodiseasessuchascoldsandflu.10.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Technologyisforeverchangingthewaywegetournews.Manypeoplenowgetalotoftheirnewsonelectronicdevices,insteadoftraditionalmedia,suchasnewspapers,televisionorradio.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplealsoreportturningtosocialmediaforinformation

Now,thereisanewtechnologythatcouldgreatlychangethewaywegetthenews:computer-creatednewsreaders.Recently,Chinalaunchedwhatitcalledtheworldsfirstartificialintelligence,orAlnewspresenters.

Thenewsreaders,supportedbymachinelearningtechnology,arebasedontworeal-lifeChinesenewsmen.OneisabletopresentnewscastsinEnglish,theother,inMandarinChineseReportsaidmachinelearningwasusedtoexaminevideoimagesandsoundsofthetwonewsmen.Similartechnologyhasbeenusedtocreatevideoproductsknownas“deepfake”videos."Adeepfakeavideothatlooksreal,butwaselectronicallychanged.Suchvideoscanmakepeopleappeartosaythingstheyneversaid

It'ssaidthattheAlpresenterswillbeagreatimprovementtothenewsteambecausethey"canwork24hoursaday"onitswebsiteandonsocialmedia.Oneofthepresentersevenpromisedtoworktirelessly"tokeeppeopleinformed.SomemachinelearningexpertssaidthesystemshowedoffChinaslatestprogressinvoicerecognition,text-to-speechtechnologyanddataanalysis

Otherswonderedabouttheeffectsrobotsmighthaveonemploymentandworkers.Somepeoplearguedthatonlylow-leveljobsrequiringheavylaborwillbeeasilyreplacedbyrobots.Otherspraisedthetechnologyasawayforcompaniestomakemoneyfromlow-costlabormachines.Somebusinesseshaveexperimentedwithsimilartechnologyforpossibleuseinnewsoperations.

Britain'sBBCrecentlyreleasedavideothatusedmachinelearningtomakeitlooklikeoneofitsnewsreadersspeakingdifferentlanguages.TheLondon-basedcompanythatdevelopedthesystemsaysitsgoalisto"removethelanguagebarrier"formanydifferentkindsofvideoacrosstheinternet.Also,Amazon'sworkingonAlexasmartspeakersystemtocreateaspecialnewsreadervoice.AmazonisreportedlypreparingtolaunchAlexasnewsreadervoiceinthenearfuture

參考答案1.

"Helicopterparents",parentsgettingdeeplyinvolvedinchildren'slife,actuallydobigharmtochildren'sgrowth.(要點(diǎn)1)Underover-protection,childrenmissthelessonstaughtbyfailuresandmistakes,failtobuilduptheirself-confidenceandbecomeweakincompetenceandemotions,whichconsequentlymakesithardforthemtofacereallifechallenges.(要點(diǎn)2)Therefore,parentsshouldlearntoletgoandencouragechildrentobeindependent,staringfromsmallthings.2.

Digitaleyestrainisrelatedtotheamountofexposuretoscreensandthedistanceoftheeyestothescreens.Scientistssuggestweshouldusehigh-resolutionscreensandtrytodecreasereflections.Moreover,besideslongerbreaks,weshouldtakemoreadditionalmini-breaks.Finally,remindourselvestoblinkasmuchaspossibletopreventoureyesfromdryingout.3.

Inoldtimespeoplethoughtitwasmorallyrighttohelpthelessfortunate,buttodaymanychoosenottogivebeggarsmoney.Theythinksomebeggarsmakeagoodlivingfrombeggingortheyworrythemoneygivenwillbemisused.Besides,it'sthegovernment'sdutytodealwiththeproblem.However,differentcasescallfordifferentsolutions.Andweshouldrecognizethegiver'sgoodness.4.

Thereasonswhygiantpandasbecomenationaltreasuresareasfollows.First,giantpandasarescarce,becomingthemostvaluableanimalsintheworld.Second,giantpandasarelivingfossils,havingimportantscientificvalueinstudyingandprotectingbiodiversityandenvironmentalchangesontheearth.Finally,giantpandashavebecomeasymboloffriendshipbetweenChinaandforeignpeople.5.

Researchersfindthatbosses'bullyingbehaviorcontributestoemployees'deliberatebadjobperformance.Theyconfirmitsimpactontheirwell-beingrevealedbyapreviousstudy.Furtherstudiesfoundthatemployeestrea