高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit4Aglimpseofthefuture課后練習(xí)含解析外研版選擇性必修第三冊

PAGEPAGE8Unit4Aglimpseofthefutureeq\a\vs4\al()課后培優(yōu)——微積累戰(zhàn)高考，訓(xùn)練提分點eq\a\vs4\al()eq\a\vs4\al(讀后續(xù)寫微技能)無靈勝有靈的主語句(4)一、好句欣賞使用表示情景或現(xiàn)象的名詞作主語1．Ahushfellupontheassembly.會場一片寂靜。2．Shortnessoftimehasrequiredtheomissionofsomestates.由于時間不夠，他不能訪問某些國家。3．AftertheWWⅠ(WorldWarⅠ)honourswereheapeduponEinstein.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)后，榮譽像雪片般地向愛因斯坦飛來。4．Aheavyrainvisitedthecity.這個城市剛下過一場大雨。5．TheshadowstellmethatthesunhasdonemuchtravelsinceIfellasleep.目睹太陽投下的陰影，我知道自我入睡后，太陽已走過很遠(yuǎn)的路程。6．Myheartfailedmeatthesight.一見那情景我就失去了勇氣。7．HisaccentsuggestsShanghai.聽他的口音像是上海人。8．Themistakeslipsmyattention.我沒有注意到這一錯誤。二、小試牛刀1．The_softness_of_the_earthgavehimanideA．他踏著松軟的泥土，一個主意油然而生。2．The_heavy_rainpreventedmefromcoming.因下大雨，我不能來。3．Such_a_chancewasdenied(to)me.我可得不到這樣的機(jī)會。4．The_sight_and_sound_of_our_jet_planesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽見隆隆的飛機(jī)聲，令我特別神往。5．An_earthquakecomeslikeathiefinthenight，withoutwarning.地震到來，猶如夜賊，不作預(yù)告。6．The_photooftenremindsmeofmychildhooD．這張照片時常使我想起我的童年。eq\a\vs4\al()eq\a\vs4\al(高考題型組合練)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語篇類型說明文主題語境人與社會——科技發(fā)展——機(jī)器蒼蠅(2021·合肥市高三調(diào)研)AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally，thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It'sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents，”saidRobertWood，theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago，histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown，”hesaiD．Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents，eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell，butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit'sconnectedto，”saidWooD．Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower，computation，sensingandcontrolsystems.WoodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactureD．Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall，off-boardpowersource，thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource，sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites，infarmers'fieldsoronthebattlefielD．“Basically，itshouldbeabletotakeoff，landandflyaround，”hesaiD．Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet，thepower，sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions，youknow，tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals，butusingtheserobotsinstead，”hesaiD．“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis.”文章大意：本文主要介紹了哈佛大學(xué)的一個工程師團(tuán)隊從自然界的昆蟲身上得到靈感，設(shè)計開發(fā)了第一款機(jī)器蒼蠅。該機(jī)器蒼蠅包含一系列新的高科技系統(tǒng)，其大小與胖的家蠅一樣，設(shè)計目的是使其能自然地做蒼蠅能做的事，并執(zhí)行一些飛行任務(wù)。1．Whichofthefollowingstatementswasthedifficultyengineersmetwhilemakingtheroboticfly?A．TheydidnothavesufficientfunD．B．Noready-madecomponentswereavailable.C．TherewasnomodelintheirminD．D．Itwashardforthemtoassemblethecomponents.解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段尾句中的“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelf”可知，額外的困難就是，這些組成部件都沒有現(xiàn)成的。故選B項。2．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs3and4?A．Theroboticflyhasbeenputintowideapplication.B．Theroboticflyconsistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem.C．Informationfrommanysourcescanbecollectedbytheroboticfly.D．Theroboticflycanjustflyinlimitedareasatpresent.解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall，off-boardpowersource”和“Basically，itshouldbeabletotakeoff，landandflyaround”可推知，目前由于電池等的限制，該飛行器只能在有限的區(qū)域內(nèi)飛行。因此D項正確。3．Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A．Wood'sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.B．Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C．Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.D．Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals，butusingtheserobotsinstead”可知，有些試驗很難用動物進(jìn)行，但是可以用機(jī)器蒼蠅來替代，故選A項。4．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheDevelopmentoftheRoboticFlyB．TheRoboticFlyPromotesEngineeringScienceC．Harvard'sEffortsinMakingaRoboticFlyD．TheRoboticFlyImitatesaRealLifeInsect解析：C考查標(biāo)題判斷。根據(jù)第一段第一句以及第三句中的“thesizeofafathousefly”并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹了哈佛大學(xué)的工程師團(tuán)隊從自然界昆蟲身上得到靈感，研發(fā)了第一款仿生機(jī)器蒼蠅。故C項最適合作本文標(biāo)題。B語篇類型說明文主題語境人與社會——科技與生活——城市智能化(2021·廣東省六校第一次聯(lián)考)Aslifeincitiesworldwidebecomesmoreexpensive，urbandesignersareusingmoderntechnologytohelpcitizensavoidtrafficjams，andshortenthetimeneededforbuswaitingandotherthings.Technologyisalsousedtocutcostlywaste.InSantander，aSpanishportcity，parkingiseasytofinD．Asonecardrivesaway，anundergroundsensorshowsthataparkingspaceisnowfree.400sensorssendmessagestosignsonstreets，andGPSdevicesdirectdriverstothenearestavailableparkingspaces，reducingtrafficjams.Trashiscollectedonlywhenthebinsarefullandbusstopsignsshowexactlywhenthenextbusiscoming.Thepublicparksarewateredonlywhenthesoilgetsdry.Allthisismadepossibleby20，000sensorsinstalledonbuildings，streetpostsandevenbuses.Theyarepartofthe“smartcity”project，launchedbytheUniversityofCantabriasevenyearsago.UniversityresearcherslikeLuisMunozregularlymeetwithlocalstodiscusshowtomaketheircityevensmarter.“Theyproposetheirideasandsometimesevendevelopthembythemselves.Here，wegivethemtheopportunitytoseetheseideashappeninreallife，”saidMunoz.Forexample，theuniversityhelpedawomancreateanappthatoutlinestheeasiestrouteforwalkingwithababystroller.Anotherprovidesinformationtoresidentsabouttheirwaterconsumptionandsendsanalarmtotheirphoneifthereisaleak.TheSantandersmartprojectisattractingtheattentionoflargercitiesinEuropeandelsewherethatarelookingforsmartsolutionstourbanproblems.文章大意：傳感器、GPS定位等現(xiàn)代科技手段幫助西班牙的港口城市桑坦德避免了交通擁堵、縮短等車時間、減少資源浪費等，這種做法正在吸引歐洲的大城市以及其他更多地方的注意力，他們都在尋找解決城市問題的智能方案。5．WhatisthelifelikeinSantander?A．Itismeaningful.B．Itisfulloffreedom.C．Itislikelytochangefast.D．Itisefficientandconvenient.解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“inSantander”定位到文章的第二段。根據(jù)該段中的內(nèi)容，尤其是“parkingiseasytofind”“Trashiscollectedonlywhenthebinsarefull”“Thepublicparks...getsdry.”可推知，在桑坦德的生活是高效方便的，故答案是D。6．HowcanresidentshelpMunoz'sjob?A．Byofferingsomeoriginalorfreshideas.B．Byshowinghimaroundthecity.C．Byinstallingsensorsthemselves.D．Byusingaslittlewateraspossible.解析：A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“residents”和“Munoz'sjob”定位到文章的第三段。根據(jù)該段中的“LuisMunozregularlymeetwithlocalstodiscusshowtomaketheircityevensmarter”“Theyproposetheirideas”可知，當(dāng)?shù)厝擞辛讼敕〞騇unoz提出來，故答案是A。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Another”inParagraph3referto?A．Auniversity. B．Aphone.C．Anapp. D．Aneasyroute.解析：C考查代詞指代。根據(jù)上文“theuniversityhelpedawomancreateanapp...withababystroller.”可知，這所大學(xué)開發(fā)了一款應(yīng)用程序，該應(yīng)用程序為推嬰兒車散步的女士規(guī)劃了最舒適的路線。結(jié)合畫線詞所在句意可推知，畫線詞指的是另一款應(yīng)用程序，故答案是C。8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AWorldwideProblemB．ASmartC．ACreativeResearcherD．ATrendinUrbanDesign解析：B考查標(biāo)題判斷。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Theyarepartofthe‘smartcity’project，launcheD．..sevenyearsago.”并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了智能城市項目的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，故B項最適合作文章標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.七選五語篇類型說明文主題語境人與社會——人際交流——影響英語口語語體風(fēng)格的三個主要因素(2021·廣州市高三年級階段訓(xùn)練題)LearningtounderstandspokenEnglishcanbedifficult.Learnersmustnotonlymasternewphrases，butalsolearnconversationalidioms.That'salottolearn!Buttheymaysoonrealizethereissomethingelsegoingon.1.________Thesedifferentstylesofspeakingarecalled“registers”．Intheirwork，languageexpertsidentifythreemajorfactorsthataffecttheregisterofspokenEnglish:theplaceoftheconversation，therelationshipbetweenthespeakers，andthepurposeoftheconversation.2．________Eventwobestfriendswhoworkandlivetogethermayspeakmoreformallytoeachotherintheoffice.Athome，onemightsay，“C'mon，Iwannaleave.”Thesamepersonatworkmightsay，“Areyoureadytogonow？”Therelationshipbetweenthespeakersalsoaffectsthelanguagetheyusewhentalkingwitheachother.Peoplespeaklessformallytofriendsandmoreformallytostrangers.3.________Peoplewhoknoweachotherwellmightusemoreidiomsandmoreslangintheirspeech.Anangrywomanmighttellherdaughterto“hushyourmouth”andhersisterto“quietdown”．Finally，thepurposeoftheconversationaffectspeople'sspeech.Apersonwhowantstoeasehurtfeelingsusesasoft，quiettone.4.________Fewspeakersrealizethattheychangeregistersaccordingtothesefactors.5.________Wearenotawarethatwemakethesechanges.Weacceptthechangeabilityoftheweather，butweoftenrefusetoacceptthechangeabilityofspeech.A．Infact，mostpeoplestronglydenyit.B．Peoplegenerallyspeaklessatworkthantheydoathome.C．Theverysamepersonspeaksdifferentlyindifferentsituations.D．Therefore，weshouldbecarefulnottohurteachotherwithourspeech.E．Ontheotherhand，apersonwhowantstopickafightspeaksrapidlyandloudly.F．Theplacewheretheconversationtakesplacedirectlyaffectsthelanguageoftheconversation.G．Becausetheyalreadyshareinformationandexperiencewithfriends，theydonotneedtoexplainasmuch.文章大意：語言專家發(fā)現(xiàn)，影響英語口語語體風(fēng)格的三個主要因素是：談話的地點、說話者之間的關(guān)系以及談話的目的。1．解析：C空后一句“Thesedifferentstylesofspeakingarecalled‘registers’．”與C項中的“speaksdifferentlyindifferentsituations”相呼應(yīng)，說明同一個人在不同的情況下說話風(fēng)格不同，故選C項。2．解析：F根據(jù)空后一句“Eventwobestfriendswhoworkandlivetogethermayspeakmoreformallytoeachotherintheoffice.”可知，即使是一起工作和生活的兩個最好的朋友，他們在辦公室里交談的方式也可能更正式；并結(jié)合該段所舉的例子和第一段最后一句可知，本段應(yīng)是講述影響英語口語語體風(fēng)格的因素之一——談話的地點，故F項與此處匹配。3．解析：G根據(jù)空前一句“Peoplespeaklessformallytofriendsandmoreformallytostrangers.”可知，人們對朋友說話不太正式，而對陌生人說話則比較正式。據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是解釋其原因，即因為他們已經(jīng)和朋友們分享了信息和經(jīng)歷，所以他們不需要解釋太多。故G項正確。4．解析：E根據(jù)空前兩句可知，談話的目的會影響人們說話的方式；一個人想要緩解受傷的情感，就會使用輕柔的語調(diào)。據(jù)此可推知，空處與此相對，說明想找麻煩的人說話語速快且聲音大，故E項正確。5．解析：A根據(jù)最后一段中的“Fewspeakersrealize”“refusetoaccept”可知，A項“事實上，大部分人強(qiáng)烈地否認(rèn)它(說話風(fēng)格的改變)”符合語境。Ⅲ.語法填空語篇類型說明文主題語境人與社會——社會與文化——亞洲人戴口罩的原因(2021·山東部分重點中學(xué)新起點摸底聯(lián)考)YoumayoftenseeyoungpeopleinAsiancountriesweartheirmasksinpubliC．Whatmakesthemdoso?Asiansoftenwearfacemaskstopreventone'sowngermsorsicknessfromspreadinginpublicplaces.InmanyAsiancountries,peoplevaluecollectivism,1.________meanstheywilltrytheirbesttomakea2.________(contribute)totheirgroup.Amidthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak,Asianswillwearmaskstopreventboth3.________(they)andothersfrombeinginfectedwhichwillultimatelybenefitthewholegroup.Apartfromphysicalprotection,masks4.________(evolve)intosocialfirewallsamongyoungpeopleinAsiancountriesalreadyaswell.Youngpeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheirprivacythantheirparentsandgrandparents.Inpublicsuchasonacrowdedsubway,5.________(hide)theirfaceswithmaskscansometimeshelpthemgainsomeprivacy.Forsomeyounggirls,wearingmaskscangivethemconfidenceand6.________senseofsecuritywhentheydon'thaveenoughtimetodomakeup.7．________thisreason,wearingmaskshasbecomeafashiontrendamongyoungpeop