2014年12月四級(jí)考試真題第三套

schoolchildrenoninternationalassessmentsofmathandscience.Manystudentsenteringcollegehaveweakskillsinmathematics.Accordingtothe2005reportoftheBusiness-HigherEducationForum,22percentofcollegefreshmenmusttakeremedial(補(bǔ)習(xí)的)math ,andlessthanhalfofthestudentswhontomajorinscienceorengineering completeamajorinthose?elds.TheresulthasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofAmericancollegegraduateswhohavethe mathematics,topowerawork thatcankeepthecountryattheforefront(前沿)ofinnovationandmaintainitsstandardofliving.With 44 performanceofAmericanstudentsinmathandsciencehasincreasedcompetitionfromstudentsfromothercountriesthathavestronglysupportededucationintheseareas.Manymorestudentsearn intheSTEMdisciplinesindevelocountriesthanintheUnitedStates.Section

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.BansugarydrinksthatwilladdfueltotheobesityOnatrainlastThursday,Isatoppositeamanwhowassofathe?lledmorethanoneseat.Hewasanddis?guredandlookedsicktodeath,whichheprobablywas:obesity(肥胖癥)leadstomanynastywaysofdying.Lookingaroundthecarriage,Isawquiteafewpeoplelikehim,includingacouplefattychildrenwithswollencheekspressingagainsttheireyes.Thesepeoplearepartofwhatisexaggerationanepidemic(流行病ofButitisquiteunnecessary:thereisasimpleidea—farfromnew—thatcouldsparemillionsofsuchpeoplealifetimeofchronic(長(zhǎng)期的)illhealth,andatthesametimesavetheNationalHealthService(NHS)atleast足14billionayearinEnglandandWales.Therewould,youmightthink,beconsiderablepublicinterestinit.Thissimpleideaisthatsugarisasgood—orasbad—aspoisonshouldbeavoided.Itispure,whiteanddeadly,asProfessorJohnYudkindescribedit40yearsagoinarevolutionarybookofthatname.ThesubtitlewasHowSugarIsKillingUs.Initscountlesshiddenformsinreadymeals,junkfoodandsweetdrinks,sugarleadstoaddiction（癮tohormonalupsetstotheappetite,tometabolic(斤東戈t勺)malfunctionsandobesityandfromtheretotype2diabetes()anditsmanyhorriblecomplications.Ifpeoplereallygraspedthat,theytrytokickthehabit,particularlyasBritainisthe“fatmanofEurope”.Theymightevenfeeldriventosupporternmentmeasurestopreventpeoplefromconsumingthisdeadlystuff.Yetsofarthisideahasmetlittlebut Itisnotdif?culttoimaginethevestedinterests(既得)linedupagainstanysugarcontrol—allthefoodanddrinkmanufacturers,processors,promotersandretailerswhomakesucheasypickingsoutofthemagicpowersofsugar.Thentherearetheliberals,withwhomIwouldnormallyside,whothaternmentregulationwouldbeyetanotherinstanceofinterferenceinourlives.Thatistrue,butpeopleshouldrealisethatyoucannothaveawelfarestatewithoutanannystate（呆姆國(guó)家),tosomedegree.Ifwearealltoberesponsibleforoneanother’shealthinsurance,throughsocialisedmedicine,thenweareallcloselyinvolvedinoneanother’shealth,includingeveryone’seatinganddrinking.Thathasalreadybeenadmitted,?nally,withsmoking.Butithasyettobeadmittedwithovereating,eventhoughoneinfouradultsinthiscountryisobeseandthatnumberispredictedtodoublebytheyear2050.Quiteapartfromanythingelse,obesitywillcrippletheNHS.Recently,though,therehavebeensignsthatthemedicalestablishmentistryingtosoundthealarm.LastmonththeAcademyofMedicalRoyalColleges(AMRC)publishedareportsayingthatobesityisthegreatestpublichealthissueaffectingtheUKandurgingernmenttodosomething.Thereportoffers10 mendations,ofwhichthe?rstisimposingataxof20percentonsugarydrinksforatleastayear,ontopoftheexisting20percentvalue-addedtax.Thatatleastwouldbeanexcellentstart.Theamountsofsugarinsoftdrinksarehorrifying,andturnstraighttofat.AsProfessorTerenceStephenson,headoftheAMRC,hassaid,sugarysoftdrinksare“theultimatebadfood.Youarejustconsumingneatsugar.Yourbodydidn’tevolvetohandlethiskindofthing.”Precisely.Therisksofeatingtoomuchfatorsalt(whichareverydifferent)paleintoinsignificancecomparedwiththeharmdonebysugar.Anditiseverywhere.Itisdif?culttobuyanythinginasupermarket,otherthanin,unpreparedmeat,?shorvegetables,thatdoesn’thavealargeamountofsugarinit.Thishascomeaboutbecausetheprevailingscienti?cviewsofthe1960sand1970signoredtheevidenceaboutsugar,andinsteadsawfatasthereallyseriousrisk,bothtotheheartandotherorgans,aswellasthecauseofobesity.Thefashionwastoavoidfat.But?ndingthatfoodwithmuchofitsfatremovedisnotveryfoodproducersturnedtosugarasamagicalternative?avourenhancer,oftenintheformsofsyrups(糖炙)thathadrecentlybeendevelopedfromcorn,andputitgenerouslyintomostpreparedfoodsandsoftThisstuffisnotjustfattening.Itisaddictive.Itinterfereswiththebody’smetabolism,possiblyviatheactivityofanappetite-controllinghormone.There’splentyofevidenceforthis,forthosewhowillacceptthetruth.Theoretically,peopleoughttomake“healthychoices”andavoidovereating.Butsugaradditivesarenoteasytoidentifyandarehardtoavoid.Sothesnacking,over-drinkingandover-eatingthatmakespeoplefatisnotreallytheirownfault:obesityisinlargepartsomethingthatisbeingdonetothem.Itshouldbestopped,orrathertheernmentshouldstopit.Goingroundmylocalsupermarket,Iamconstantlyastonishedthatitisstilllegaltosellallthepoisonsstackedhighontheshelves.Theproblemisthattheyareworsethanuseless.Theyarepoisonous.Theyareknowntobeaddictive.Theyareknowntomakepeopleobese.Andgivingsmallchildrensweetdrinksorbottlesoffakejuicealldaylongisnothinglessthanchildabuse.Clearly,thesaleofsuchstuffoughttobeillegal.Ihatetothinkofyetmoreernmentregulation.Butabitoftaxonsweetsodaandalittlemorehealtheducation,abitofcookinginschoolsandbanningvendingmachines(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))hereandthere—assuggestedbytheAMRCreport—isnotgoingtoachieveverymuch.Labellingisquiteinadequate.WhatisneededislegislationbanninghighlevelssugarysyrupsusedinfoodsandInJune2012,thethenministerforpublichealthsaidtheernmentwasnotscaredofthefoodindustryandhadnotruledoutlegislation,becauseofthecostsofobesitytotheNHS.However,nothinghashappenedyet.WhynothaveanotherJammieDodgerbiscuitandforgetaboutit.Avoidingover-consumptionofsugarcanimprovepeople’shealthaswellassavemedicalLawsshouldbepassedtomakeitillegaltoproduceoverlysweetfoodsorGivingsmallchildrensweetjuicestodrinkallthetimeisequaltochildLookingaround,theauthorfoundobesityquiteThenumberofobesepeopleisexpectedtoincreasequicklyinthenextfewIfpeoplereallyunderstoodthehorribleconsequencesofsugaryfoodsanddrinks,theywouldsupporternmentmeasuresagainstsugarconsumption.Itwouldbeaverygoodbeginningtoimposeanadditionaltaxonsugary ernmenthasnotyettakenanyactiontoregulatesugarconsumptionalthoughitindicateditsintentiontodososometimeago.SugarisfarmoreharmfultohealththanfatandConsumersofsweetfoodsarenotreallytoblamebecausethey lwhatfoodisSectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingTheriseoftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopmentsinhumanhistory,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressandtheegraph.Overtwobillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymoreinformationthaneverbefore,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,oftenusingWeb-connected devicestheycarryeverywhere.ButtheInternet’stremendousimpacthasonlyjustbegun.“MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,cultural,andpoliticaltransfor-mationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsofchange,thistimetheeffectsarefullyglobal.”SidtandCohenwriteintheirnewbook,TheNewDigitalAge.Perhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthe?vebillionpeopleworldwidewhocurrentlylackInternetaccessgetonline.TheauthorsdoanexcellentjobofexaminingtheimplicationsoftheInternetrevolutionforindividuals, ernments,andinstitutionslikethenewsmedia.Butifthebookhasonemajoring,it’sthattheauthorsdon’tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternetbusinessesinthesesweeIntheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritativevolumetodatethatdescribes—andimportantlypredicts—howtheInternetwillshapeourlivesinthecomingdecades.Theypaintapictureofaworldinwhichindividuals,companies,institutions,andernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,onephysical,andonevirtual.Atthecoreofthebookistheideathat“technologyisneutral,butpeoplearen’t.”Byusingthisconceptastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomovebeyondthenowfamiliaroptimistvspessimistdichotomy(對(duì)立觀點(diǎn))thathascharacterizedmanyrecentdebatesaboutwhethertheriseoftheInternetwillultimaybegoodor InwhatwayistheriseoftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprintingpressand Ittransformshuman C)ItisadoptedbyallItfacilitatesdaily D)Itrevolutionizespeople’sHowdo idtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheTheyare C)TheyareTheyare D)TheyareInwhatrespectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredItfailstorecognizetheimpactoftheInternetItfailstolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheItlacksanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetItdoesnotaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetWhatwillthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsPeoplewillbelivingintwodifferentPeoplewillhaveequalaccesstoPeopledon’thavetotraveltoseethePeopledon’thavetocommunicatefacetoWhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalTheyleavemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheTheyareoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetTheyhaveexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualTheydon’ttakesides yzingtheeffectsofthePassageQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingIn1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetandkeepajobintheindustry.Andinthatyeartheaverageautoworkercouldmeetmonthlymortgage(抵押)paymentsonanaveragehomewithjust13.4percentofhistake-homepay.TodayasimilarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareofhismonthlyOthermembersoftheautoworker’sfamily,however,mightbelessinclinedtotradethepresentforthepast.Hisretiredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadlesseconomicsecuritybackthen.Throughoutmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmenandwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10percentin2010.Inmoststates,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracreditcardinherownname.In42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofherhusband.Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamily Mostblackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaverage,theyearned40percentthantheirwhitecounterparts(職位相當(dāng)?shù)娜?,whileraciallyrestrictiveagreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburbanneighborhoodsbeingbuiltforwhiteworking-classfamilies.Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocessofresolvingoldones,butthesolutionisnottogobacktothepast.Somepeoplemaylongforanerawhendivorcewasstillhardtocomeby.Thespreadofno-faultdivorcehasreducedthebargainingpowerofwhicheverspouseismoreinterestedincontinuingtherelationship.Andthebreakupofsuchmarriageshascausedpainformanyfamilies.Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnewchallenges.Accordingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelievethattheircurrentfamilyisascloseastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orcloser.Findingwaystoimprovethelivesoftheremaining20percentseemsmorerealisticthantryingtorestoreanimaginarygoldenage.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanautoworkersinTheyhadlessjobsecuritythantheydoItwasnottoodif?cultforthemtobuyaTheirearningswereworthtwiceasmuchasTheywerebetteroffthanworkersinotherWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutretiredpeopleTheyinvariablylongtoreturntothegoldenTheydonotdependsomuchonsocialTheyfeelmoresecureeconomicallythanintheTheyareusuallyunwillingtolivewiththeirWhycouldn’tblackworkersbuyahouseinawhitesuburbanTheylackedthemeansofTheyweresubjectedtoracialTheywereafraidtobreaktheTheyweretoopoortoaffordWhat’stheresultofno-faultDivorceiseasierto isItcauseslittlepaintoeitherItcontributestosocialWhatdoestheauthorsuggestsocietyGetpreparedtofaceanynewTrytobetterthecurrentsocialsecurityNarrowthegapbetweenblacksandImprovethelivesoffamilieswith3030Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefrom intoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)年輕人正對(duì)旅游產(chǎn)生，這是近年來(lái)的新趨勢(shì)。年輕游客數(shù)量的不斷增加，可以歸因于他們迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。隨著旅行多了，年輕人在大城市和著名景點(diǎn)花的時(shí)間少了，他們反而更為偏遠(yuǎn)的地方所吸引。有些人甚至選擇長(zhǎng)途背包旅行。最近顯示，很多年輕人想要通過(guò)旅行體驗(yàn)不同的文化、豐富知識(shí)、拓寬視野。Part 作作文審這是一篇開放式題作文，題目要求考生寫“在大學(xué)中對(duì)你影響最大的一位同學(xué)”并說(shuō)明原因，考生可以結(jié)合自己的喜好自由發(fā)揮。1.開篇可直奔，點(diǎn)明對(duì)你影響最大的同學(xué)是誰(shuí)。然后從幾個(gè)方面分述原因。最后一段呼應(yīng)首段。2.作文給考生的發(fā)揮空間很大，可以隨意發(fā)揮，只要言之有物即可。3.注意表達(dá)要準(zhǔn)確流暢，詞數(shù)在120~180詞之間。思思維導(dǎo)TheClassmateInfluencingMeMostinCollege

Consideringallthehelpshehasrenderedme,IwouldsingleoutMaryastheclassmateinfluencingmemost.第二段：給出具體的理由（1.她是我在外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)上的“個(gè)人顧問(wèn)”；2.她有耐心， ；3.她性格上有很多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；4.她能夠分清輕重Foronething…Foranother…Furthermore…高分范文第一段開門見山學(xué)里對(duì)我影響最大的人高分范文第一段開門見山學(xué)里對(duì)我影響最大的人me②Thereasonsareasfollows.③Foronething,Maryis alconsultantonforeignlearning,duetowhosehelpIamalsooneof②本段③陳述原因一：受她的影響，我的外語(yǔ)名師點(diǎn)評(píng)名師點(diǎn)評(píng)bestinEnglishintheclass.④Foranother,IamreadytohelpothersundertheinfluenceofinthatsheispatientandavailablewheneverItoherforhelp.⑤Furthermore,my hasimprovedalotundertheinfluenceofcharacteristicssuchasendurance,perseveranceforesight.⑥Finally,Inowknowwhatmattersandwhattodofirstsinceshehastheabilitytogetprioritiesrightandworkwithefficiency,whichwasjusttheoppositeofme.⑦Consideringalltheabove-mentionedmeritsofMary,Idofeelsohappytohaveherasfriend.Haditnotbeenherpatientadviceandinfluenceonme,Iwouldnothavegainedsomuchincollege,andwearedestinedtobeboundedforlife.④陳述原因二：受她的影響，我也樂(lè)于⑤陳述原因三：受她的影響，我的性格⑥陳述原因四：受她的影響，我也能夠分清輕重緩急且高getone’sprioritiesConsideringallthehelpshehasrenderedme,Iwouldsingleout astheclassmateinfluencingmemost.Thereasonsareasfollows.Foronething,理由一.For 理由二. 理由三Finally,理由四Consideringalltheabove- 文章總的觀點(diǎn)Idofeelsohappytohaveherasmysingleoutcharacteristicn.foresightn.Part Reading2008年7~8月一篇名為AddressingtheCrisisinCollege 詞性分析名詞D)contemporary同時(shí)代的人；同輩E)courses課程；過(guò)程H)degrees J)future將來(lái)，未來(lái)；前途M)procedures（尤指正確的或??的?事）??，??N)proportions比例；份額動(dòng)詞Aaccelerating（使）加快，（使）E)courses（感情、思想）涌動(dòng)GdecliningD)contemporary當(dāng)代的，發(fā)生（存在）于同一時(shí)代的F)critical緊要的，關(guān)鍵性的G)clining每況愈下的；降低的Jfuture副詞ForFordecades,Americanshavetakenforgranted UnitedStates’leadershippositioninthementof.Theinnovations(創(chuàng)新)之后的研究和發(fā) thatresultedfromresearchanddevelopmentduring繁榮起著 WorldWarIIandafterwardswere(36)criticaltotheprosperityofthenationinthesecondhalfofthe20th為 century.Thoseinnovations,uponwhichvirtuallyallaspectsof(37)contemporarysocietynowwerepossiblebecausetheUnitedStatesthen(38) theworldinmathematicsandscienceToday,however,despiteincreasingdemandworkerswithstrongskillsinmathematicsscience,the(39)proportionsofdegreesawardedscience,math,andengineeringareThedeclineindegreeproductioninwhat

calledtheSTEMdisciplines(science,

engineering,andmath)seemstobe(40)closelyre-差的表現(xiàn) latedtothecomparativelyweakperformanceby

schoolchildrenoninternationalassessmentsofmath22%的大學(xué)新生必須參加數(shù)學(xué)補(bǔ)習(xí) andscience.Manystudentsenteringcollege

weakskillsinmathematics.Accordingtothe

reportoftheBusiness-HigherEducationForum,percentofcollegefreshmenmusttakeremedial(習(xí)的)math(41)courses,andlessthanhalfofstudents ntomajorinscienceoractuallycompleteamajorinthoseTheresulthasbeenadecreaseinthe ofAmericancollegegraduateswhohavethe

especiallyinmathematics,topowera

thatcankeepthecountryattheforefront(前沿)

innovationandmaintainitsstandardofliving.With the(44)decliningperformanceofAmericanstudentsinmathandsciencehascomeincreasedcompetitionfromstudentsfromothercountriesthathave

家的學(xué)生帶來(lái)了越來(lái)越多的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。與相比，發(fā)展中supportedsupportededucationintheseareas.Manymorestu-dentsearn(45)degreesintheSTEMdisciplinesindevelocountriesthanintheUnitedStates.【解析】F)?？涨暗膚ere和空后的to提示，本空應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞或形容詞，而且形容詞選項(xiàng)可用于be…to…結(jié)構(gòu)，故F)critical，K)led和L)met入選。所填詞要表達(dá)的是theinnovations（創(chuàng)新）與theprosperityofthenation（國(guó)家的繁榮）的關(guān)系，很顯然，創(chuàng)新會(huì)使一個(gè)國(guó)家繁榮或創(chuàng)新對(duì)于一個(gè)國(guó)家的繁榮起著至關(guān)重要的作用。三個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中，只有F)critical語(yǔ)義與搭配均符合，因此，答案為F)critical【點(diǎn)睛】K)led，leadto“??，?成”，從語(yǔ)義上?，“創(chuàng)新??了一個(gè)國(guó)家繁榮”是??義的，?此時(shí)的leadto不用于語(yǔ)態(tài)，直接用theinnovations…ledtotheprosperityofthenation則可，所以從用法上排除K)led。L)met（會(huì)面；偶遇）則從語(yǔ)義上排除?！窘馕觥緿)?？涨暗膐f和空后的society提示，本空應(yīng)填修飾society的形容詞。空格所在部分修飾thoseinnovations，thoseinnovations回指上一句中的theinnovations（由第二次期間和之后的研究和發(fā)展的創(chuàng)新），注意本句中時(shí)間副詞now提示空格所在句說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)的創(chuàng)新對(duì)現(xiàn)在社會(huì)的影響，所以本空應(yīng)填入與now意思相近的選項(xiàng)，故答案為D)contemporary[當(dāng)代的，發(fā)生（存在于）同一時(shí)代的]。)去式，入選的選項(xiàng)只有Kled和L)met1句中的leadership提示本空選lead，顯然，正是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)在數(shù)學(xué)與科學(xué)教育方面處于世界領(lǐng)先地位，所以幾十年來(lái)在新技術(shù)發(fā)展方面處于領(lǐng)先地位。leadtheworldin…指“在??方面引領(lǐng)世界”，所以，本題答案為K)led（領(lǐng)先）。的獲得??卻下降了”。decrease（減少，降低）用來(lái)說(shuō)明的主體多為價(jià)格、數(shù)量、比例等，備選的名詞項(xiàng)中只有N)符合，所以本題答案為N)proportions（比例）?！军c(diǎn)睛】E)courses（課程；過(guò)程），M)procedures[（尤指正確的或??的?事）??，??【解析】C)。本句句子主干完整提示，本空應(yīng)填副詞。觀察三個(gè)副詞選項(xiàng)，很快填入C)closely（密切地，在很大程度上），因?yàn)閟lyle學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科的產(chǎn)出減少看起來(lái)是與學(xué)生在國(guó)際數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)評(píng)估中的表現(xiàn)相對(duì)較差緊密相關(guān)的。”【點(diǎn)睛】B)actually（實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上）與I)especially（尤其；特別，格外）都無(wú)法表達(dá)科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科的產(chǎn)出減少與學(xué)生在國(guó)際數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)評(píng)估中的表現(xiàn)相對(duì)較差兩者之間的必然【解析】E)。空前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞take提示，所填詞是名詞，math41共同作take的賓語(yǔ)。上一句已經(jīng)提【解析】B)?？崭袼诘腶nd分句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整提示，本空應(yīng)填副詞。本段主要講述如今的科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科的產(chǎn)出在減少，本句則以數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)際情況：即使是已經(jīng)主修科學(xué)或者工程的學(xué)生，也只有不到一半的人能修完這些領(lǐng)域的課程（結(jié)果當(dāng)然是拿不到這些專業(yè)的學(xué)位）。所以，本題的答案是B)actually（實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上），用于強(qiáng)調(diào)真實(shí)的情況?！窘馕觥縄)。本句句子主干完整提示，本空應(yīng)填副詞。剩余的副詞選項(xiàng)中只有I)especially可選。上一段中已經(jīng)很多入學(xué)的大學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)很差（Manystudentsenteringcollegehaveweakskillsinmathematics），接著還22%的大學(xué)新生必須參加數(shù)學(xué)補(bǔ)習(xí)課程（22percentofcollegefreshmenmusttakeremedialmathcourses）。本段銜接上一段，上一段所述現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果：有一技之長(zhǎng)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的數(shù)量在減少，顯然，有數(shù)學(xué)才干的畢業(yè)生尤為少。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)了有數(shù)學(xué)才干的畢業(yè)生尤其少，所以I)especiall（尤其；特別，格外）為答案?！窘馕觥縂)。空前的定冠詞the和空后的performance提示，本空應(yīng)填形容詞，說(shuō)明學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)方面的表現(xiàn)??。本文即在說(shuō)明的學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)方面的表現(xiàn)越來(lái)越差，獲得這些學(xué)科的畢業(yè)生越來(lái)越少。聯(lián)系文章，G)declining（每況愈下的，降低的）為本題答案。declining與貫穿全文的詞decreasing和decline復(fù)現(xiàn)，同時(shí)decliningperformance呼應(yīng)上一段中的weakperformance與weakskillsinmathematics?！窘馕觥縃)?？崭袂暗膭?dòng)詞earn提示，本空應(yīng)填名詞作earn的賓語(yǔ)。STEMdisciplines指的是科學(xué)、技術(shù)、 ，所以選H)degrees[（大學(xué)的） 【點(diǎn)睛】M)procedures（程序，步驟，手續(xù)）與O)spheres（范圍，領(lǐng)域），與上下文語(yǔ)義不符，故 全文翻譯語(yǔ)篇分析取締含糖飲料——上個(gè)星期四我在乘火車時(shí)，對(duì)面坐著一位男士，胖得一人占不止一張座。他面色蒼白，相貌，看上去就像快病死了一樣，事實(shí)可能的確如此：肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo) 但肥胖是可以避免的：有一種簡(jiǎn)單的觀點(diǎn)，而且這種觀點(diǎn)早已不算新鮮。[46]這種觀點(diǎn)能夠使數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的肥胖人群擺脫長(zhǎng)期的，同時(shí)能為英格蘭和威爾士的國(guó)民醫(yī)療?健系統(tǒng)每年節(jié)省至少140億英鎊。你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這其中涉及了大量的公眾利益。[46]上面提到的簡(jiǎn)單的觀點(diǎn)就是糖和一樣好，或者和一樣壞，因此我們應(yīng)當(dāng)避免攝入糖。糖是純凈、雪白和?命的，40年前，約翰·尤德金教授在其性的著作中就是這樣描述糖的，并以這三個(gè)詞作為書名。書的

、B)段講述了肥胖的流行制肥胖不僅利于健康，而且能為國(guó)家節(jié)省醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，進(jìn)而引出文章主題——減少肥胖必須控制糖?標(biāo)標(biāo)糖以各種隱蔽的方式存在于快餐、食品和含糖飲料中，糖能使我們上癮，使紊亂，影響食欲，新陳代謝（malfunction），誘發(fā)肥胖，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)?二型以及很多可怕的并發(fā)癥。[51]如果人們能夠真正這一點(diǎn)，他們或許會(huì)去試著改掉這種習(xí)慣，尤其是在被稱為“歐洲胖子”的英國(guó)。他們甚至?xí)X(jué)得有義務(wù)支持關(guān)于人們攝入這種?命物質(zhì)的措施。然而迄今為止，這一觀點(diǎn)遭到了。 都團(tuán)結(jié)了起來(lái)糖類，包括所有的食品和飲料生此外還有我常常支持的自由主義者，他們也說(shuō)的這一措施將會(huì)是他 為福利國(guó)家。如果我們所有人都對(duì)彼此的健康負(fù)責(zé)的話，那么通過(guò)社會(huì)醫(yī) 題上，我們最終達(dá)成了共識(shí)。[50]盡管英國(guó)四分之一的成年人都有肥胖癥，而且

C)~E段分析了糖類措施難入 入不過(guò)最近有跡象顯示，醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)正試圖拉響警種。上個(gè)月，英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)院發(fā)布了一份報(bào)?稱，影響英國(guó)的首要公共健康問(wèn)題就是肥胖，并敦促采取行[52]該報(bào)?提出了十條建議，其中第一條就是在原本20%的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)含

~H)段講述了人 人正是如此。[54]與糖的危害相比，攝入過(guò)量的脂肪或鹽（它們所帶來(lái)的危害不 過(guò)去流行不攝入脂肪。但人們發(fā)現(xiàn)脫去大量脂肪的食品不夠（appetising），于糖不僅會(huì)讓人變胖，它還會(huì)讓人上癮。糖可能會(huì)通過(guò)一種控制食欲的影響?

I)~K)段講述了應(yīng)當(dāng)被，更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，應(yīng)當(dāng)肥胖。也是不夠的。[47]我們所需要的是通過(guò)在食品和飲品中加入大量糖漿。[53]2012年6月，當(dāng)時(shí)的公共健康部部長(zhǎng)稱，不畏懼食品行業(yè)，而且鑒于肥胖給國(guó)民醫(yī)療?健系統(tǒng)帶來(lái)的損失，不排除對(duì)此。不過(guò)直到現(xiàn)在也

段消費(fèi)者需要采取糖~O)段政Avoidingover-consumptionofsugarcanimprovepeople’shealthaswellassavemedical【譯文】避免糖的過(guò)量攝入能改善健康狀【定位】根據(jù)題目中的avoidingsugar，health和save將本題出處定位于B)段第1句及

Butitisquiteunnecessary:thereisasimpleidea—fromnewthatcouldsparemillionsofsuchpeoplealifetimeofchronic(長(zhǎng)期的illhealthandatthesametimesavetheNationalHealthService(NHS)atleastyoumightthink,beconsiderablepublicinterestinit.Thissimpleideaisthatsugarisasgood—orasbad【解析】)。)段第1提這觀點(diǎn)使以百的胖人脫期的 ，時(shí)能格蘭和威爾士的國(guó)民醫(yī)療?健系統(tǒng)每年節(jié)省至少140億英鎊，接著第3句，這種觀點(diǎn)就是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)避免攝入糖。綜合這兩句可知，避免糖的過(guò)量攝入能改善健康狀況，同時(shí)節(jié)省醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。本題是對(duì)這兩句的概括。其中的avoiding…sugar對(duì)應(yīng)文中的sugar…shouldbeavoided；improvepeopleshealth對(duì)應(yīng)spare…peoplealifetimeofhronicillhealt；savemedicalexpenses對(duì)應(yīng)savetheNationalHealthService(NHS)atleast￡14billio。Lawsshouldbepassedtomakeitillegaltoproduceoverlysweetfoodsordrinks.【譯文】應(yīng)當(dāng) 生產(chǎn)過(guò)甜的食品和【定位】題目中的lawsshouldbepassedtomakeitillegal是對(duì)N段最后一句中的legislationbanning的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故將本題出

Clearly,thesaleofsuchstuffoughttobeillegal.Ihatetothinkofyetmoreernmentregulation.Butabitoftaxonsweetsodaandalittlemorehealtheducation,abitofcookinginschoolsandbanningvendingmachines(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))hereandthere—assuggestedbytheAMRCreport—isnotgoingachieveverymuch.Labellingisquiteinadequate.Whatisneededislegislationbanninghighlevelsofsugarysyrupsusedinfoodsanddrinks.是對(duì)該句的轉(zhuǎn)述，其中的overlysweet對(duì)應(yīng)文中的highlevelsofsugarysyrups。Givingsmallchildrensweetjuicestodrinkallthetimeisequaltochildabuse.【譯文】總給小孩子喝甜果汁相當(dāng)于【定位】根據(jù)題目中的givingsmallchildrensweetjuices和childabuse將本題出處定位于

M)Goingroundmylocalsupermarket,Iamconstantlyastonishedthatitisstilllegaltosellallthepoisonsstackedhighontheshelves.Theproblemisthattheyareworsethanuseless.Theyarepoisonous.Theyareknowntobeaddictive.Theyareknowntomakepeopleobese.Andgivingsmallchildrensweetdrinksorbottlesoffakejuicealldaylongisnothinglessthanchild 對(duì)該句的轉(zhuǎn)述，其中的allthetime對(duì)應(yīng)文中的alldaylong；isequalto對(duì)應(yīng)isnothinglessthan。A)OnatrainlastThursday,IsatA)OnatrainlastThursday,Isatoppositeamanwhowassofathefilledmorethanoneseat.Hewaspaleanddisfiguredandlookedsicktodeath,whichheprobablywas:obesity(肥胖癥)leadstomanynastywaysofdying.Lookingaroundthecarriage,Isawquiteafewpeoplelikehim,includingacoupleoffattychildrenwithswollencheekspressingagainsttheireyes.Thesepeoplearepartofwhatiswithoutexaggerationanepidemic(流行病of【定位】根據(jù)題目中的lookingaround和obesity將本題出處定位于A段最后【解析】A)。A)段最后兩句說(shuō)，看看整個(gè)車廂，像他這樣的人還有不少……毫不夸張地說(shuō)，他們都患o(jì)besityquitewidespread對(duì)應(yīng)文中的epidemicofobesity。Thenumberofobesepeopleisexpectedtoincreasequicklyinthenextfewdecades.

E)Thatistrue,butpeopleshouldrealisethatyouhaveawelfarestatewithoutanannystate(保姆國(guó)家),tosomedegree.Ifwearealltoberesponsibleforoneanother’shealthinsurance,throughmedicine,thenweareallcloselyinvolvedinoneanother’shealth,includingeveryone’seatinganddrinking.Thathasalreadybeenadmitted,finally,withsmoking.Butithasyettobeadmittedwithovereating,eventhoughoneinfouradultsinthiscountryisobeseandthatnumberispredictedtodoublebytheyear2050.Quiteapartfromanythingelse,obesitywillcripplethe翻一倍。本題是對(duì)該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中的isexpectedto對(duì)應(yīng)文中的ispredictedto；increasequickly對(duì)應(yīng)double；inthenextfewdecades對(duì)應(yīng)bytheyear2050。C)Initscountlesshiddenforms,inreadymeals,foodandsweetdrinks,sugarC)Initscountlesshiddenforms,inreadymeals,foodandsweetdrinks,sugarleadstoaddiction(癮),tohormonalupsetstotheappetite,tometabolic(新陳代謝的)malfunctionsandobesityandfromtheretype2diabetes)anditsmanycomplications.Ifpeoplereallygraspedthat,theywouldtrytokickthehabit,particularlyasBritainisthe“fatmanofEurope”.Theymightevenfeeldriventosupporternmentmeasurestopreventpeopleconsumingthisdeadlystuff.Yetsofarthishasmetlittle.品造成的可怕，他們就會(huì)支持慣……他們甚至?xí)X(jué)得有義務(wù)支持關(guān)于人們攝入這種致命物質(zhì)的措施。其中第2句中的that指代前一句提到的糖帶來(lái)的各種危害，第3句中的thisdeadlystuff指sugar。本題是對(duì)這幾句信息的概括，Itwouldbeaverygoodbeginningtoimposeanadditionaltaxonsugarydrinks.【定位】根據(jù)題目中的wouldbe，impose，tax和onsugarydrinks將本題出處定位于G)段

Thereportoffers10 mendations,ofwhichthefirstisimposingataxof20percentonsugarydrinksforatleastayear,ontopoftheexisting20percentvalue-addedtax.Thatatleastwouldbeanexcellentstart.Theamountsofsugarinsoftdrinksarehorrifying,andturnstraighttofat.AsProfessorTerenceStephenson,headoftheAMRC,hassaid,sugarysoftdrinksare“theultimatebadfood.Youarejustconsumingneatsugar.Yourbodydidn’tevolvetohandlethiskindof【解析】C)。C)段第2、3O)InJune2012,thethenministerforpublichealthsaidtheernmentwasnotscaredofthefoodindustryandhadnotruledoutlegislation,becauseofthecostsofobesitytotheNHS.However,nothinghashappenedyet.nothaveanotherJammieDodgerbiscuitforgetabout【解析】G)。G)段第1句提到，報(bào)告中建議在原本20%的 基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)含糖飲料征收至少為期一年的20%的稅，第2句說(shuō)，這樣做至少能【解析】C)。C)段第2、3O)InJune2012,thethenministerforpublichealthsaidtheernmentwasnotscaredofthefoodindustryandhadnotruledoutlegislation,becauseofthecostsofobesitytotheNHS.However,nothinghashappenedyet.nothaveanotherJammieDodgerbiscuitforgetaboutTheernmenthasnotyettakenanyactiontoregulatesugarconsumptionalthoughitindicateditsintentiontodososometimeago.【定位】題目中的hasnotyettakenanyaction與O)段第2句中的nothinghashappenedyet同損失，不排除對(duì)此，接著第2句轉(zhuǎn)折，不過(guò)直到現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)有采取行動(dòng)。由此可見，盡管曾經(jīng)表示會(huì)對(duì)控制糖有所作為，但仍未采取任何行動(dòng)。本題是對(duì)這兩句的概括，其中的sometimeago對(duì)應(yīng)文中的inJune2012。H)Precisely.H)Precisely.Therisksofeatingtoomuchfatorsalt(whichareverydifferent)paleintoinsignificancecomparedwiththeharmdonebysugar.Anditis【解析】H)。H)段第2句提到，與糖的危害相比，攝入過(guò)量的脂肪或鹽……所帶來(lái)的危害根本不值一提。由此可見，比起脂肪和鹽，糖對(duì)健康要有害得多。本題是對(duì)該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。L)Theoretically,peopleoughttomake“healthychoices”andavoidovereating.ButsugaradditivesarenoteasytoidentifyandL)Theoretically,peopleoughttomake“healthychoices”andavoidovereating.Butsugaradditivesarenoteasytoidentifyandarehardtoavoid.Sothesnacking,over-drinkingandover-eatingthatmakespeoplefatisnotreallytheirownfault:obesityisinlargepartsomethingthatisbeingdonetothem.Itshouldbestopped,orrather ernmentshouldstop【定位】題目中的arenotreallytoblameL)段第3句中的isnotreallytheirownfault同義； l與該段第2句中的arenoteasytoidentify同義，故將本題出處定位于L)段第2、.的malfunctionn.（ PassageOne））TheInternetDoesn’tHurtPeoplePeopleDo‘TheNewDigitalAge’（日Technology&Media（本文節(jié)選自TIME（《時(shí) 》全文翻譯語(yǔ)篇分析 （egraph）的發(fā)明?，F(xiàn)在全世界已經(jīng)有 [57]“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的