新教材2022學(xué)年上學(xué)期高一英語寒假精練5naturaldisasters

55NaturalDisasters基礎(chǔ)溫故基礎(chǔ)溫故一、單詞拼寫1.Menmustconsidereating,drinking,clothingandfinding(避難所)beforetheycanpursueentertainmentandrecreation.2.Thesmallactionoflitteringmayleadto(災(zāi)難)forsmallanimalsandtheirlivingenvironment.3.Duetothe(旱災(zāi))inSouthwestChina,millionsofpeoplehadtocarrywaterfromfarawayplaces.4.Thenewsofthe(火山爆發(fā))inIndonesiaisbeingbroadcastandIwanttolisten.5.WhatIlearnaboutthisviolenceisthatithascausedatleastthree(死亡).6.WhileIwascookingsupper,the(電)wentoff.7.Pleasewritemeaofthisreport.8.Asweallknow,fishcannotboutofwater.9.Fortunatelysomebodywhohappenedtobepassingbycalledtheeaidimmediatelythetrafficaccidentoccurred.10.Thedriverwhodiedintheaccidentcouldhaves,buthewassenttohospitaltoolate.二、單項選擇11.Afewweekslater,thefirstbuildings______hadbeendamagedwererepaired.A.which B.that C.where D.inwhich12.Anything_____couldbefoundhasbeenusedtorepairthedamagedbridge.A.which B.that C.what D.不填13.PastwinnersoftheNobelPrizeinphysics,_____hasnowbeenawarded210times,havebeenhonoredfortheirimportantdiscoveries.A.who B.what C.that D.which14.Opportunityandluckalwaysshowsappreciationforthose_____areboldinstruggling.A.who B.that C.whom D.which15.Thehelicopterarrivedonthescenequicklytothesurvivors.A.keep B.rescue C.shake D.protect16.The.stateofCaliforniahas_______aheavyfloodforawholeweeksinceJune,whichbroughtdangerousconditionstomanyCalifornians.A.affected B.contained C.suffered D.ruined17.Jacksonischeerfulabouthislife________heissufferingfromcancer.A.evenif B.aslongas C.asif D.eversince18.—Haven’tyouheardthenews?—Whatnews?—Someoftheworkersareon________marchwhileotherson________strike.A.the;the B.the;/ C./;the D./;/19.The_____oftheharmfulchemicalsontheworld’slakesandoceanshasraisedawarenessofthepublic.A.effect B.effort C.donation D.distribution20.Anewstudyshowsoldermen________alackofdeepsleeparenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelophighbloodpressure.A.sufferingfor B.whoissufferingC.whosufferfrom D.whosufferto三、翻譯21.如果你想通過考試，你就得專心學(xué)習(xí)。（bury）_______________________________________________________________________________22.看到醫(yī)生的賬單我很震驚。_______________________________________________________________________________23.如果你舉起那只箱子，你會受傷的。_______________________________________________________________________________24.那個城市現(xiàn)在成了一片廢墟。_______________________________________________________________________________25.我給他提了幾條建議，但他根本不理會。（think...of）_______________________________________________________________________________主題精煉主題精煉四、閱讀理解Onacoldwinterday,manyyearsago,aFrenchartteachernamedPierreChevaliergotonatraininLyontogotoParis.Whenhestartedhisjourney,hedidn’tknowthatitwasthebeginningofalmost40yearsofaccidentsandneardeathexperiences.Duringthejourney,thetrainfellintoanicyriver,killing12passengers.Chevaliermanagedtoswimbacktotheriverbank.Heonlyhadabrokenleg.Twoyearslater,ChevalierwasonaplanefromParistoMoscowwhenadoorsuddenlyopenedandhefellout.Afewminuteslater,theplanecrashed(墜毀);27peoplewerekilled.Chevalierwassoluckythathelandedinahaystack(干草堆).Afewyearslater,hewashitbyabus,butagainhadnoseriousinjuries.Thenayearafterthat,hewasdrivingonamountainroadwhenhesawatruckcomingstraightathim.Hedrovethecarofftheroad,jumpedout,landedinatree—andwatchedhiscarfall100metresdownthemountain.“Therearetwowaysyoucanlookatit,”Chevaliersaid.“I’meithertheworld’sunluckiestman,ortheworld’sluckiest.”WhenareporteraskedChevalierwhathethought,hechosethe“l(fā)uckiest”one.Twoyearsago,aged71,Chevalierboughthisfirstlotteryticket(彩票)in50yearsandwonmorethan2million.Afterthis,aTVcompanyinAmericasaidtheywantedhimtomakeanadvertisement.Atfirstheaccepted,butthenhechangedhismind.Chevaliersaidhewouldn’tflytoLosAngelesforthefilming,becausehedidn’twanttopushhisluck.Whoknows?Ifhehadacceptedtheinvitation,maybehewouldhavehadanotheraccident.ButMr.Chevalierisaluckyman.Ifhe’dhadanotheraccident,heprobablywouldhavesurvivedthattoo!26.Inthetrainaccidentmanyyearsago,Chevalier________.A.didn’tgetinjuredatallB.wasluckyenoughtobealiveC.wasfinallypulledoutoftheriverD.wastheonlypassengertosurvive27.WhydidChevalierrefusetomaketheadvertisement?A.Becausehehadwon€2million.B.Becausehedidn’twanttoleavehome.C.Becausehedidn’twanttoriskhislife.D.Becausehedidn’tliketheTVcompany.28.Thetextmainlytalksabout________.A.amanwithninelivesB.theunluckiestmanintheworldC.amanwhotraveledaroundtheworldD.amanwhoearned€2millioninalottery五、語法填空TheNotreDame(巴黎圣母院)fireItfeelsasthoughtheveryheartofFranceandthesoulofEuropehavebeenbroken.ThefireofNotreDameinParis29Mondayeveningwasanactofblindandterribledestruction,30(cause)greatemotionalpainstousall.WeallshareFrance’sterribleloss.Thefirestruck31(quick)anduncontrollably.Itgatheredforcewithhugepower.Muchoftheroofandthecentralbuildingcaughtfire.Afteranhourorso,theParisfirefighterswereable32(get)partofthefireundersomedegreeofcontrolandtoprotectother33(part)ofthebuildingthatmaysurvive.Asnight34(fall),thegreatwesttowersstillstoodagainstthesky,proudbuthurt.TheNotreDameisthesymboloftheFrenchcapitalandofFranceitself.It35(be)initsplacesincethe12thcentury.ItisworldfamousnotsimplyasaParisianbuildingbutthroughthe36(write)ofVictorHugo,37madethebuildingitselfcomealiveinhisnovelHunchbackofNotreDame.WebelievetheDamewillriseagainintime.Thisterriblefireisnotaneventthatshould38(ignore)orquicklyforgotten.WestandwithFranceinitshourofheartbreak.Wewillnever,ever,turnaway.答案與解析答案與解析一、單詞拼寫【答案】1.shelter 2.disaster 3.drought 4.volcaniceruption 5.deaths6.electricity 7.summary 8.breathe 9.emergency 10.survived二、單項選擇11.【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：幾周后，第一批受損的建筑物被修復(fù)。此處buildings是先行詞，指物，在后面的定語從句中作主語，且序數(shù)詞修飾先行詞，用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，故選B項。12.【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：任何能找到的東西都已經(jīng)被用來修理損壞的橋梁。句中先行詞為anything，在定語從句中作主語，故只能用關(guān)系詞that，故選B項。13.【答案】D【解析】考查非限定性定語從句。句意：由于取得的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，過去的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎得主被授予榮譽(yù)稱號。該獎項截止目前已經(jīng)頒發(fā)了210次。分析句子可知，此處是非限定性定語從句，先行詞theNobelPrizeinphysics在從句_____hasnowbeenawarded210times中充當(dāng)主語，故用關(guān)系代詞，而在非限制性定語從句中不能使用that，故用which。故選D項。14.【答案】A【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：機(jī)會和運(yùn)氣總是青睞那些敢于奮斗的人。先行詞those指代人，在從句_____areboldinstruggling中充當(dāng)主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who/that，但先行詞是those時為了避免重復(fù)，不用that。故選A項。15.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意：直升飛機(jī)迅速趕到現(xiàn)場營救幸存者。A.keep：保持；B.rescue：營救；C.shake：搖動；D.protect：保護(hù)。根據(jù)onthescene“在現(xiàn)場”和survivors“幸存者”，可知這里指“營救”人。故選B。16.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。句意：美國加利福尼亞州自6月以來連續(xù)一周遭遇特大洪水，置許多當(dāng)?shù)厝擞谖ｋU境地。A.affected：受影響；B.contained：包括；C.suffered：忍受，遭受；D.ruined：毀滅。根據(jù)句意，遭遇了特大洪災(zāi)。故選C項。17.【答案】A【解析】考查連詞。A.evenif：即使，雖然；B.aslongas：只要；C.asif：似乎，好像；D.eversince：從那時起。句意：雖然杰克遜身患癌癥，但他對生活很樂觀。兩句之間是讓步關(guān)系，故選A。18.【答案】B【解析】考查固定短語。onthemarch：在行軍，在游行；onstrike：在罷工。故選B。19.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)對世界湖泊和海洋的影響提高了公眾（對于環(huán)保）的意識。A.effect：影響；B.effort：努力；C.donation：捐贈；D.distribution：分配。根據(jù)句意選A。20.【答案】C【解析】現(xiàn)在分詞、定語從句都可作定語，但是表達(dá)“遭受……”要用suffer或者sufferfrom；所以排除A、D兩個選項，B選項whoissuffering中的who指的是men要用動詞are，所以只能選C，whosufferfrom相當(dāng)于分詞sufferingfrom的作用。三、翻譯【答案】21.Youhavetoburyyourselfinstudyingifyouwanttopasstheexam.22.Iwasshockedatthedoctor’sbill.23.Ifyouliftthatsuitcase,youwillbeinjured.24.Thecityisnowinruins.25.Igavehimsomeadvice,buthethoughtnothingofit.四、閱讀理解【答案】26-28BCA【解析】本文介紹一個很幸運(yùn)的男人Mr.Chevalier，他是一個命非常大的人，總能幸存于難。26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Duringthejourney,thetrainfellintoanicyriver,killing12passengers.Chevaliermanagedtoswimbacktotheriverbank.Heonlyhadabrokenleg”可知Chevalier在火車事故中只是斷了一條腿，非常幸運(yùn)地還活著。故選B。27.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Chevaliersaidhewouldn’tflytoLosAngelesforthefilming,becausehedidn’twanttopushhisluck”可知他不想冒生命危險。故選C。28.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifhehadacceptedtheinvitation,maybehewouldhavehadanotheraccident.ButMr.Chevalierisaluckyman.Ifhe’dhadanotheraccident,heprobablywouldhavesurvivedthattoo!”可知Mr.Chevalier很幸運(yùn)，是一個命非常大的人，總能幸存于難。故選A。五、語法填空【答案】29.on 30.causing 31.quickly 32.toget 33.parts34.fell 35.hasbeen 36.writing 37.who 38.beignored【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。新聞報道的是巴黎圣母院發(fā)生的一場火災(zāi)，講述了大火當(dāng)時的火勢，它給人們心里帶來的傷害，以及巴黎圣母院在人們