高考英語語法專項復(fù)習 虛擬語氣

毛額市鶴鶉陽光實驗學校2008高考英語語法專項復(fù)習虛擬語氣一、語氣的定義和種類1、語氣：語氣是動詞的一種形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。2、語氣的種類：陳述語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。女口：Wearenotready.我們沒準備好。Whatafinedayitis!多好的天氣?。∑硎拐Z氣：表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。女口：Openthedoor,please。請打開門。虛擬語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。女口：IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你，我就學英語了。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！二、虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法條件句有兩類，一類是真實條件句，一類是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實條件何。在這種真實條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如：Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.女口果明天不下雨,我們就去公園。如果假設(shè)的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。女口：Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天見到你，他會問你這件事的。（事實上他昨天沒見到你，因此也未能問你這件事。）在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。現(xiàn)將虛擬條件從句和主句的動詞形式列表如下：從句動詞形式主句動詞形式與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+動詞原形與過去事實相反had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來事實相反動詞過去式，should+動詞原形，wereto+動詞原形would/should/could/might+動詞原形注：主句中的should只用于I、we,但在英語中，should常被would代替；從句中的should可用于各種人稱。3、表示與將來事實可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。女口：IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishould(wouldcould,might)gotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天，我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。4、有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致(表示錯綜時間的虛擬語氣)，這時動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。例如：Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你當初聽了醫(yī)生的話，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。(從句動作指過去，主句動作指現(xiàn)在)5、虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式省略連詞ifo在書面語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略，把這幾個詞放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。例如：Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話。WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做這事。用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。女口：Withoutair(Iftherewerenotair),therewouldbenolivingthings.如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物了。Butforyourhelp(Ifithadn?tbeenforyourhelp)Icouldn?thavedoneit.要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.（IfIhadn?tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.）我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。（如果我那天不忙的話，我就）;Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.（IfIhadn?tbeen訂1,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.）我本來該完成這項工作的，但我生病了。（如果我沒生病的話，我就會完成）6、省去條件從句或主句：表示虛擬語氣的主句或從句有時可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。（1）省去條件從句。女口：Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了〃Ifyouhadwantedto〃）事實是:你自己沒洗衣服，因為你不想洗。）（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）。女口：Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊?。ㄊ聦嵤牵鹤婺敢巡辉谑馈＃?；Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她沒走就好了?。ㄊ聦嵤牵核呀?jīng)走了。）三、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法：在〃Itisimportant(strange,natural,necessary)that…〃這類句型里，that所引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動詞常用“should十動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事是〃重要〃、〃奇怪〃、〃自然〃、〃必要〃等意義。女口：Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每個成員知道這些規(guī)則。2、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中用法：在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞thato表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be動詞一般用were)o女口：IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道這個問題的答案。(可惜不知道)；表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用〃had十過去分詞〃。女口：Iwish(wished)Ihadn?tspentsomuchmoney.我后悔不該花那么多錢。(實際上已經(jīng)花掉)；表示對將來的主觀愿望:謂語動詞形式為"would十動詞原形〃。女口：Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止；Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.但愿你立刻來。在surgest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,表示建議、要求、命令等。女口：Idemandthathe(should)answermeimmediately.我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。3、虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。女口：Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonethisoffice.即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或"had十過去分詞”。女口：HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實看過一樣。注：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。4、虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法：在〃Itistime(that)…〃句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣表示將來，動詞形式一般用過去式，意思是〃該干某事的時候了〃。女口：It's(high)timewedidourhomework.我們該做作業(yè)To5、虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法(1)情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌，或委婉的語氣，常見于日常會話中。女口：Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好別太晚睡覺。在一些習慣表達中。女口：Iwouldrathernottellyou.我寧愿不告訴你。用“may+動詞原形”表示〃祝愿〃、〃但愿”,此時may須置于句首(多用于正式文體中)。女口：Mayyoubehappy!祝你快樂！Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你順利。練習：MultiplechoiceWrmedB.wouldbeinformedC.beinformedD.hadbeeninformedIt'snecessarythathearecognizedqualifiestion.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.havingIt'shightimeweourattentiontothisproblem.A.turnedB.turnC.hadturnedD.wouldturnIfonlyyouhimwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.didn'ttoldB.hadn'ttoldC.wouldnottellD.wouldhavenottoldHemusthavehadanaccident,orheherethen.A.wouldhavebeenB.hadbeenC.shouldhavebeenD.couldbeMuchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputersbefore.A.isnotstartedA.isnotstartedB.willnotbestartedA.hadinventedA.hadinventedB.wereinventedC.shouldhavebeeninventedD.hadbeeninventedceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignifiesntlyreduced.A.WeretheytoB.CouldtheyC.IftheyD.WouldtheyFiveminutesearlier,andwethelastbus.A.hadcaughtB.shouldhavecaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.caughtYoutheclothes!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortofthing.A.shouldn51havewashedB.mustn'thavewashedC.cannothavewashedD.needn'thavewashedJeandoesn'twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifsheajobsheprobablywouldn51beabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegotThemadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthehimself.A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjureItispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradiosafter11o?clockatnight.A.werenotplayedB.nottoplayC.notbeplayedD.didnotplayYoudon'thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouonbusinessfirst.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegoneItisimportantthatenoughmoneytofundtheproject.A.becollectedB.mustbecollectedC.wascollectedD.canbecollectedIfonlythecommitteetheregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A.approveB.willapproveC.canapproveD.wouldapproveIdon'tthinkitadvisablethatTomtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassignedYouherinherofficelastFriday;she'sbeenoutoftownfortwoweeks.A.needn'thaveseenB.musthaveseenC.mighthaveseenD.can?thaveseenWedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewehim.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephonedItisrecommendedthattheprojectuntilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.C.notbestartedD.isnottobestarted20.IwishIlongerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.havesleptIhertothepartybutIdidn'tknowherwell.A.oughthaveinvitedB.wouldhaveinvitedC.shouldinviteD.mayhaveinvitedYoutotowntoseethefilmlastweek.ItwillbeonTVtomorrow.A.needn'tgoB.shouldnotgoC.hadbetternotgoD.needn'thavegoneWouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?Yes,butIbusydoingmyhomework..A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbeItwasessentialthattheapplicationfonnsbackbeforethedeadlineA.mustbesentB.wouldbesentC.besentD.weresentItisimportantthatwe.A.shallclosethewindowbeforeweleave

willclosethewindowbeforeweleavemustclosethewindowbeforeweleaveD.closethewindowbeforeweleaveElizarememberseverythingexactlyasifityesterday.（2006全國）A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happenedDon'tyouthinkitnecessarythathetoMiamibuttoNewYork?Iagree,buttheproblemishehasrefusedto.（2005江蘇）A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;whatIfIplantodoanythingIwantedto,I'dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.（2005湖北）A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughttoIfheinadayortwo,Iwouldwaitforhim.A.returnsB.shouldhavereturnedC.weretoTeturnD.hadreturnedYoudidn?tletmedrive.Ifwe―inturn,yousotired.A.drove,didn?tgetB.drove,wouldn?tgetC.weredriving,wouldn?C.weredriving,wouldn?tgethaddriven,wouldn?thavegotIdidn?tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeforthedoctor'scarefultreatment,het訂1lastyear.A.Ifitisnot,can?tliveB.Wereitnot,couldn?tliveC.Haditnotbeen,couldn?couldn?tliveC.Haditnotbeen,couldn?couldn?tliveWhatwouldhavehappened,A.BobhadwalkedfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartheritraintomorrow,thavelivedD.Iftheywerenot,,asfarastheriverbank?B.ifBobshouldwalkfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherwewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will35ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifIinlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmy