高考英語復(fù)習(xí)-第一部分-閱讀理解篇-專題1-閱讀理解-第4講-主旨大意類市賽課公開課一等獎省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)

專題一閱讀了解閱讀了解篇第四講詞義猜測類第一部分1/29詞義猜測題著重考查考生依據(jù)上下文猜測詞義能力，這也是一個從“已知”得出“未知”過程，即利用上下文已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語前后句子)進行推理，有時還需要依靠常識和經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義?？疾榉秶▎卧~意義了解、短語意義了解、句子意義了解或代詞指代對象確實定等。2/291題型特點3分類例析4復(fù)習(xí)練案2解題流程3/29題型特點4/29詞義猜測題常見設(shè)問方式1．(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthe...?(2)Theword“...”probablyrefersto...其中均含有wordorunderlinedword。2．(1)Theterm/sentencein...canbereplacedby...(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase/sentencemeaninthelastparagraph?5/29解題流程6/29“一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”、“二關(guān)注”速解詞義猜測題一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)合上下文詞義猜測題所提問單詞、詞組或句子普通都是考生不認(rèn)識，即使認(rèn)識，正確答案也未必是熟悉含義。這種題目目標(biāo)就是希望考生能結(jié)合上下文，來了解不認(rèn)識單詞、詞組或句子。7/29二關(guān)注關(guān)注并列轉(zhuǎn)折部分這是做詞義猜測題一大利器。因為由并列轉(zhuǎn)折連接兩部分會存在語義含義和成份對應(yīng)。所以假如有一個單詞不認(rèn)識，就能夠在與其并列或轉(zhuǎn)折部分信息中找對應(yīng)信息。關(guān)注解釋說明部分分析試題能夠發(fā)覺，其實出題者在出一些詞義猜測題時候也是動了惻隱之心。會在艱澀難懂信息附近存在一個解釋說明部分，解釋說明部分標(biāo)志有逗號、冒號、破折號、雙引號等。8/29分類例析9/291．詞(短語)義猜測題10/29 (·福建省高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)Ifyouneedtospendtimeontheroad,it'simportanttofindwaystokeepsafeonyourfeet.Don'tsupposeit'sourrightofway.Yes,youmightbecrossingattherightplace,attherighttime,withinthecrosswalkarea,butyouarestillexposedtodanger.Itcouldbea__distracted__drive,oracyclistwithaloosesenseoftrafficrules,soyoucouldstillgethurt.Youcanbeintherightlegally,butthatwon'tbemuchhelpwhenyou'reinthehospital.Q：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distracted”inParagraph2mean?A．Considerate. B．Strange.C．Kind－h(huán)earted. D．Absent－minded.11/29[解題思緒]dis－是常見前綴，表示“分開；分離；去掉；否定；消失掉”。dis分開，分離，去掉＋tract拉→把(心)拉開→分心。故選D。也可依據(jù)畫線詞后同義解釋“oracyclistwithaloosesenseoftrafficrules”可知，此處distracted與“l(fā)oose”呼應(yīng)，由此可推知，有駕駛員心不在焉。嘗試解答：________D12/29 (·北京，A片段)TheadvancedEPalsoheatstheroom__evenly__，walltowallandfloortoceiling.Itcomfortablycoversanareaupto350squarefeet.Otherheatersheatroomsunevenlywithmostoftheheatconcentratedtothecenteroftheroom.Andtheyonlyheatanareaafewfeetaroundtheheater.WiththeEP,thetemperaturewillnotvaryinanypartoftheroom.Q：Theunderlinedword“evenly”inParagraph4probablymeans____.A．continuously B．separatelyC．quickly D．equally13/29[解題思緒]在本段中作者將EP加熱器與其它加熱器進行了比較。其它加熱器只加熱附近小片區(qū)域，而這款加熱器能夠把墻、門、天花板都加熱，故畫線詞詞義為“均勻地，平等地”，所以選D項。continuously繼續(xù)地；separately單獨地，各自地；quickly快速地。嘗試解答：________D14/29 (·福建，A片段)WhenIwas12,allIwantedwasasignet(圖章)ring.Theywerethe“__in__”thinganditseemedeverygirlexceptmehadone.Onmy13thbirthday,myMumgavemeasignetringwithmyinitials(姓名首字母)carvedintoit.Iwasinheaven.Q：Theunderlinedword“in”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“____”．A．fashionable B．a(chǎn)vailableC．practical D．renewable15/29[解題思緒]依據(jù)and后．..itseemedeverygirlexceptmehadone.(除了我之外，似乎每個女孩都擁有一枚這么戒指)可推斷出，圖章戒指在當(dāng)初是非常時髦(fashionable)東西，故選A項。available有效，可得到；practical實用；renewable可更新，可再生。嘗試解答：________A16/29 (·全國Ⅲ，C片段)Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit's__apipedream__formostappleloverswhofallforit.Q：Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?A．Apracticalidea. B．Avainhope.C．Abrilliantplan. D．Aselfishdesire.17/29[解題思緒]依據(jù)連接詞so可知上下文之間存在著因果關(guān)系，故我們需要從上文中尋找答案。由上文中“OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit...”可知，盡管OrleansReinette是很好品種，不過對各項條件要求很高，所以大多數(shù)喜歡它人種植它希望會落空。嘗試解答：________B18/292．指代猜測題19/29 (·四川，C片段)...Hisblack－and－whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself－supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswith__it__notonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.Q：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．ThemodernFrenchlifestyle.B．Theself－supportinghunting.C．Theuncivilizedworld.D．TheFrenchRepublic.20/29[解題思緒]第一步通讀全文，找出代詞所在語句These

local

citizens

now

have

to

balance

their

traditional

self－supporting

hunting

lifestyle

with

the

lifestyle

offered

by

the

modern

French

Republic,

which

brings

with

it

not

only

necessary

state

welfare,

but

also

alcoholism,

betrayal

and

even

suicide.

第二步試找出該代詞所代替詞語此處whichbringswithit...意為“隨之帶來有……”?？芍颂巌t即指前面_____________________________________________嘗試解答：________the

lifestyle

offered

by

the

modern

French

RepublicA21/29 (·全國Ⅲ，B片段)“Myfriendsaid：‘Nowwebelieveyourstories，’”Weltyadded.“AndIsaid:Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewrite__them__.’”Q：Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph6referstoWelty's____.A．readers B．partiesC．friends Dstories22/29[解題思緒]第一步找出代詞所在語句Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.第二步向上搜索，可找到復(fù)數(shù)名詞_______________，代入可知應(yīng)為________嘗試解答：________stories和peoplestoriesD23/293．句意猜測題

24/29 (·江蘇，D片段)...ButShelly－Ann'svictorywasfargreaterthanthat.ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing,theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheoneoftheneighbouringstreetsstopped.Thedarkcloudaboveworld'stoughestcriminalneighborhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays.“__Ihavesomuchfireburningformycountry__”．Shellysaid.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons.Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman'saswellasaman'sworld.25/29AsMuhammadAliputsit,“Championsaren'tmadeingyms.Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem.Adesire,adream,avision.”O(jiān)neofthethingsShelly－Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth.Q：WhatcanweinferfromShelly－Ann'sstatementunderlinedinParagraph5?A．Shewashighlyrewardedforherefforts.B．Shewaseagertodomoreforhercountry.C．Shebecameanathleticstarinhercountry.D．Shewastheenvyofthewholecommunity.26/29[解題思緒]第一步速讀文章，并標(biāo)出文章與畫線句子相關(guān)句子相關(guān)句：______