哈佛大學(xué)幸福課積極心理學(xué)lecture 13 面對壓力

Lecture13PositivePsychology制定自我和諧的目標(biāo)CarpeDiem.Seizetheday.Solet’scontinueonthispathandgoalittlebitmoreindepthintothisideaofself-concordancegoalself-concordancegoalself-concordance目標(biāo)自我一致性;目標(biāo)自我一致[k?n'k?rdns]self-concordance自我和諧；自我協(xié)調(diào)inconcordancewith一致；和諧

N-VARIfthereisconcordancebetweentwothings,theyaresimilartoeachotherorconsistentwitheachother.一致[正式]例：...apartialconcordancebetweentheoreticalexpectationsandempiricalevidence....理論期待和經(jīng)驗(yàn)證據(jù)之間的部分一致。2.

N-COUNTAconcordanceisalistofthewordsinatextorgroupoftexts,withinformationaboutwhereinthetexteachwordoccursandhowoftenitoccurs.Thesentenceseachwordoccursinareoftengiven.索引Whataresomebenefitsofself-concordance?Thefirstone,andtherearemany,thefirstoneistheobviousone.Youdon’tneedtobearocketscientist,orevenasocialscientisttounderstandthatsettingself-concordantgoalscanpotentiallymakeushappier.Becausewearepursuingsomethingwecareabout,itismorelikelytoreinforceourenjoymentofthejourney.我們在追求自己喜歡的事情，更加增加了人生旅途的樂趣。我們在追求自己喜歡的事情，更加增加了人生旅途的樂趣。Thesecondthing,inadditiontoincreasingwell-being,certainlyconnectedtowell-beingisthatveryoften,havingself-concordantgoals,havinggoalsingeneral,butinparticularself-concordantgoals,resolvesinternalconflicts解決內(nèi)心沖突.Forexample,ithelpsusdealwithanxiety,withuncertainty,withexistentialquestions,“whatamIabout?WhatamIdoing?WhyamIhere?”andifyouthinkaboutit,veryoftenwhenwegothroughperiodswhenwearenotsurewherewearegoing,whereeveryforkintheroad十字路口forkintheroad岔路，三岔路口Aforkinaroad,path,orriverisapointatwhichitdividesintotwopartsandformsa"Y"shape.(道路、河流等的)岔口isaboutambivalence美[?m'b?v?l?ns]\o"真人發(fā)音"n.[心理]矛盾情緒；正反感情并存sociologicalambivalence角色兩難emotionalambivalence矛盾情緒ambivalenceabout有愛恨的矛盾心理affectiveambivalence情感矛盾;矛盾情緒PragmaticAmbivalence語用模糊;語用含糊;語用模糊thesimultaneousexistenceoftwoopposedandconflictingattitudes,emotions,etc舉棋不定anduncertainty,that’swhenexistential[,?ɡz?'st?n??l]哲學(xué)用語\o"真人發(fā)音"adj.存在主義的；有關(guān)存在的；存在判斷的existentialanxiety存在焦慮existentialthreat存在性威脅;存亡威脅existentialliving存在式生活questionscomeup.That解決內(nèi)心沖突十字路口forkintheroad岔路，三岔路口Aforkinaroad,path,orriverisapointatwhichitdividesintotwopartsandformsa"Y"shape.(道路、河流等的)岔口美[?m'b?v?l?ns]\o"真人發(fā)音"n.[心理]矛盾情緒；正反感情并存sociologicalambivalence角色兩難emotionalambivalence矛盾情緒ambivalenceabout有愛恨的矛盾心理affectiveambivalence情感矛盾;矛盾情緒PragmaticAmbivalence語用模糊;語用含糊;語用模糊thesimultaneousexistenceoftwoopposedandconflictingattitudes,emotions,etc舉棋不定[,?ɡz?'st?n??l]哲學(xué)用語\o"真人發(fā)音"adj.存在主義的；有關(guān)存在的；存在判斷的existentialanxiety存在焦慮existentialthreat存在性威脅;存亡威脅existentialliving存在式生活bycomparisonto與…相比較Intra-personalconflict:人的內(nèi)在沖突inter-personalconflict:人際間的沖突['?rd?n?t]n.[數(shù)]縱座標(biāo)；縱線verticalscalen.[數(shù)]縱坐標(biāo)ordinate/???d?n?t/1.

Ntheverticalory-coordinateofapointinatwo-dimensionalsystemofCartesiancoordinates縱坐標(biāo)co-ordinate或coordinateIfyoucoordinateanactivity,youorganizethevariouspeopleandthingsinvolvedinit.協(xié)調(diào)Ifyoucoordinateclothesorfurnishingsthatareusedtogether,oriftheycoordinate,theyaresimilarinsomewayandlooknicetogether.搭配(衣服、飾品)制定一個協(xié)調(diào)的目標(biāo)相互獨(dú)立Also,itincreasesthelikelihood可能性ofsuccess.Individualswhosetself-concordancegoalsaremoremotivated有動力的;theyaremorelikelytoworkhard,theyaremorelikelytoputtheirallinwhateveritis,thattheyaredoing.Inthelongterm,thosewhopursuetheirpassionsaremorelikelytosucceed.Again,seemsprettystraightforward,prettyself-evidentcommonsense.Butasweoftensaid,commonsenseisnotthatcommon.Inmanyways,thisincreasedlikelihoodofsuccesswhenwepursuethethingsthatwearepassionateaboutPassion激情Passionateadj.熱情的；熱烈的，激昂的；易怒的passionate['p???nit]adj.havingorexpressingstrongemotionsdefinesthe“nopain,nogain”maximn.格言；準(zhǔn)則；座右銘formula,criterion,mottoAmaximisaruleforgoodorsensiblebehaviour,especiallyoneintheformofasaying.格言maxim['m?ksim]asayingthatiswidelyacceptedonitsownmerits.Itdefinesitandchangesittothefollowingmaxim,“Doitbetterwithpleasure.”Nowifyouquotemeonthis,I’lldenyit.Ididnotsay.Ifyoushowsomeonethevideoofmesayingit,I’llsaythatit’smycheesytwinbrotherwhocoinYouusetheothersideofthecointomentionadifferentaspectofasituation.另一方面Ifyoucoinawordoraphrase,youarethefirstpersontosayit.創(chuàng)造(新詞語)edit.Butit’strue.Wedodoitbetterwithpleasureifwepursueourpassions.Whathappensinpractice,again,there’salotofresearchonit.Youarereadingsomeofit;Ielaborateonsomeofitinthebook.Therearealotofresearchthatshowsthatwhenweareengagedinaself-concordancegoal,wearemuchmorelikelytothencontinuetopursueself-concordantgoal.Becauseitwasgoodthatweweremoresuccessful;wewantmoreofit.It’sself-reinforcing.Notjustonthemacroleveloflifegoalswhereitdoesthat,butalsoonthemicrolevel.AndwhatweseeisatrickleeffectTrickledowneffect涓滴效應(yīng).Peoplewhosetself-concordantgoalswereactuallydoingbetterinareasthatwerenotnecessarilyself-concordant.Forinstance,let可能性有動力的Passion激情Passionateadj.熱情的；熱烈的，激昂的；易怒的passionate['p???nit]adj.havingorexpressingstrongemotionsn.格言；準(zhǔn)則；座右銘formula,criterion,mottoAmaximisaruleforgoodorsensiblebehaviour,especiallyoneintheformofasaying.格言maxim['m?ksim]asayingthatiswidelyacceptedonitsownmeritsYouusetheothersideofthecointomentionadifferentaspectofasituation.另一方面Ifyoucoinawordoraphrase,youarethefirstpersontosayit.創(chuàng)造(新詞語)Trickledowneffect涓滴效應(yīng)accapella\o"未添加，點(diǎn)擊添加到單詞本"\o"發(fā)音"n.清唱（等于musicwithoutinstrument）Choosingtodothings,doingwhatwewanttodohasalsohealthbenefits.Thisisoneofthemostimportantstudiesdoneinthefieldofpsychologyby,onceagain,ourownEllenLanger.Whatshedidwasgoingintooldagehome養(yǎng)老院sanddivideit,theoldagehomerandomlyintotwogroups.Theonegroupgotallthesupportthattheyneeded,whatevertheywantedtheygot.Theyaskedforcertainfood,theygotit.Theyaskedtobehelped,carryingoutcertaintasks,theygotit.Everythingwasdoneforthem.Inmanyways,theoldagehomesthatmanypeopledreamof.Andthenthesecondgroupdidn’thaveasgood.Noteverythingwascateredfor迎合；供應(yīng)伙食；為…提供所需them.Theyveryoftenhadtodotheirownthings.Forexample,notablynotably/?n??t?bl?/

ADVYouusenotablytospecifyanimportantortypicalexampleofsomethingthatyouaretalkingabout.尤其adv.顯著地；尤其especially,remarkably,prominentlyNotify通知告知（動詞）,theyhadtowatertheirownplants.Theyveryoftenhadtosettheirownroutineduringtheday.Theservicewasn’tasgreatasthefirstgroup.Theyhadtotelltheemployeesiftheyneededsomething.Theyveryoftenhadtogetitthemselves.Andagain,theyplanted,theywateredtheirownplants.Andwhattheydidwas,Langercreatedthistwodifferentscenarioscenario/s??nɑ?r????/CET6TEM8(scenarios)養(yǎng)老院迎合；供應(yīng)伙食；為…提供所需notably/?n??t?bl?/

ADVYouusenotablytospecifyanimportantortypicalexampleofsomethingthatyouaretalkingabout.尤其adv.顯著地；尤其especially,remarkably,prominentlyNotify通知告知（動詞）scenario/s??nɑ?r????/CET6TEM8(scenarios)

N-COUNTIfyoutalkaboutalikelyorpossiblescenario,youaretalkingaboutthewayinwhichasituationmaydevelop.設(shè)想;可能的情況scenarioanalysis情境分析，情況分析；場景分析scenarioplanning情景規(guī)劃；前景計劃；情境企劃usagescenario使用場景clincher/?kl?nt??/(clinchers)1.

N-COUNTAclincherisafactorargumentthatfinallyprovessomething,settlesadispute,orhelpssomeoneachieveavictory.(能作為最終證據(jù)、解決爭論或取得勝利的)事實(shí)[非正式]例：DNAfingerprintinghasprovedtheclincherinthisinvestigation.DNA指紋已為此項(xiàng)調(diào)查出示了鐵證。2.鐵鉗tothepointof達(dá)到什么的程度讓爸爸媽媽在家里，也許是對他們最好的尊重和選擇。下個學(xué)期，他們想在家，就在家呆著吧。有空，我就帶他們出去玩。Andyetsomanyoftheoldagehomestodayarebuiltaroundthenotionof“l(fā)et’scateredtoalltheirneeds;let’sdoeverythingthattheydesire;let’smakeiteasyforthem”.That’snotnecessarilygood.There’stooeasy,whetherit’sthenotionthatItalkedaboutinthebook,“theunder-privilegeoftheprivilege特權(quán)中的非特權(quán)”,orthingsaretooeasy,orwedon’tfailenough;whetheritisintheoldagehome,oritbecomestooeasy,asopposedtomakingchoicesandstrugglingandmakingdecisions.Anditappliesaswewillseelateralso,tothenotionofstress,andhowimportantthatcanbeincultivatingresilienceandultimatelyhappiness.Tooeasyisnotnecessarilygood.特權(quán)中的非特權(quán)Finally,weseethisalsoinoppressiveregimesversusdemocracies.壓迫政權(quán)和民主之間也是這樣Regime：政權(quán)，政體；社會制度；管理體制Refugee：難民，避難者；流亡者，逃亡者Oneofthemainreasonswhypeoplearehappierunderdemocracies,andremember,thatisoneoffewexternalcircumstancesthatcanpredicthappiness,oneofthereasonsisbecauseunderdemocracies,peoplehavechoice.Asopposedtounderdictatorship[d?k'tet?'??p]\o"真人發(fā)音"專政；獨(dú)裁權(quán)；獨(dú)裁者職位Dictatorshipisgovernmentbyadictator.專政壓迫政權(quán)和民主之間也是這樣Regime：政權(quán)，政體；社會制度；管理體制Refugee：難民，避難者；流亡者，逃亡者[d?k'tet?'??p]\o"真人發(fā)音"專政；獨(dú)裁權(quán)；獨(dú)裁者職位Dictatorshipisgovernmentbyadictator.專政Adictatorshipisacountrywhichisruledbyadictatororbyaverystrictandharshgovernment.獨(dú)裁國家Let’sshiftgearshiftgear\o"未添加，點(diǎn)擊添加到單詞本"\o"發(fā)音"改變方法；換擋；變速機(jī)構(gòu)；調(diào)檔齒輪alittlebit.I’mgonnatalkaboutsomethingverymuchrelatedtoself-concordance,butfromadifferentangle.I’mgonnatalkaboutvaluesinaction,orinshort,theVIA行為價值觀.Valuesinaction,theVIA,isarguablyadv.可論證地；可爭辯地；正如可提出證據(jù)加以證明的那樣地[廣義用法]可能，大概themostambitious,andcertainlyoneofthemostimportantprojectswithinpositivepsychology.ItwasinitiatedbyChrisPetersoninthepicture,professorofUniversityofMichiganandMartinSeligman.Andwhattheywantedtoidentifywaspositivepsychologyisalternative代替Ifonethingisanalternativetoanother,thefirstcanbefound,used,ordoneinsteadofthesecond.替代品totheDSM.TheDSM,theDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorder精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計手冊Diagnostic：[,da??ɡ'nɑst?k]adj.診斷的；特征的n.診斷法；診斷結(jié)論diagnostictool診斷工具,whichisessentiallytheclassificationofallknownmentaldisorders.It’saverythickbook,averyimportantdocumentwhereitsays,forexample,itlistscertaincriteriaanditsaysifapersonhassevenofthetenofthesecriteriaforXperiodoftime,thatpersonhasmajordepression.IfthepersonhasthreeoffourcriteriaforYperiodoftime,thatpersonhasschizophrenia,ordysthymia,or季節(jié)性心理疾病Dysthymia:[心理學(xué)]dysthymia/d?s?θa?m??/Nthecharacteristicsoftheneuroticandintroverted,includinganxiety,depression,andcompulsivebehaviour精神抑郁癥[psychiatry]seasonalaffectivedisorder,orallofthepsychopathologies精神疾病thatareknowntous,thathavebeendefinedandclassified.Averyimportantdocument.ComealongSeligmanandPetersonrightatthebeginningwhenpositivepsychologycameontothesceneandsay,“l(fā)et’screateanalternative.Let’screateanalternativetotheDSMthatwillidentifyinsteadofweaknesses,insteadofpathologies,insteadofdeficiencies,itwillidentifyindividualstrengthsandvirtues.”Andtheyidentified24characterstrengths人格力量,allenlistenlistinv.應(yīng)募，參軍Ifsomeoneenlistsorisenlisted,theyjointhearmy,navy,marines,orairforce.使入伍;入伍Ifyouenlistthehelpofsomeone,youpersuadethemtohelporsupportyouindoingsomething.贏得enrollin參加；選課vt.登記；卷起；入學(xué)；使入會vi.注冊；參軍Register：登記；注冊；掛號Recruit：招聘；新兵；新成員ed,explained,describedinthisbook.Notonlydidtheyidentifiedthecharacterstrengths,theyalsocreatedmechanisms,ways,meansofmeasuringthesecharacterstrengths.Forexample,anonlinetest,oneyouwouldbetakingnextweek,thatcanhelpyou,asafirststep,identifyyourvaluesinactions:whatareyourcharacterstrengths;whatareyourvirtues;whatareyougoodat;whatareyoupassionateabout.Thethingaboutcharacterstrengths,whentheyidentifiedthem,theymadesurethattheyidentifieduniversalcharacteristics.Inotherwords,itwasn’tchosenbyyouknow,male,whiteacademicslivinginAmerica.Thiswasresearchdoneallovertheworld,crossculturallytoidentifycharactersthatareidentical,whetheritwasinUnitedStatesorEurope,Asia,China,Japan,aswellastheMassaitribe部落；肯尼亞inKenyaandtheInuitsinNorthernGreenland.Sothiswasaninternationalresearchproject,becausewhattheythough,ifwecanfindthingsthatarecommontoallcultures,wewillidentifywhatisthepartofhumannature,asopposedtohumannurture.Andtheyadmityouknowthatthismaychangeovertime;wemaybecomemoresophisticatedinmeasuringthem.Butasastart,thecharacterstrengthsandvirtues,thevaluesinaction,shiftgear\o"未添加，點(diǎn)擊添加到單詞本"\o"發(fā)音"改變方法；換擋；變速機(jī)構(gòu)；調(diào)檔齒輪行為價值觀adv.可論證地；可爭辯地；正如可提出證據(jù)加以證明的那樣地[廣義用法]可能，大概代替Ifonethingisanalternativetoanother,thefirstcanbefound,used,ordoneinsteadofthesecond.替代品精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計手冊Diagnostic：[,da??ɡ'nɑst?k]adj.診斷的；特征的n.診斷法；診斷結(jié)論diagnostictool診斷工具季節(jié)性心理疾病Dysthymia:[心理學(xué)]dysthymia/d?s?θa?m??/Nthecharacteristicsoftheneuroticandintroverted,includinganxiety,depression,andcompulsivebehaviour精神抑郁癥[psychiatry]精神疾病人格力量enlistinv.應(yīng)募，參軍Ifsomeoneenlistsorisenlisted,theyjointhearmy,navy,marines,orairforce.使入伍;入伍Ifyouenlistthehelpofsomeone,youpersuadethemtohelporsupportyouindoingsomething.贏得enrollin參加；選課vt.登記；卷起；入學(xué)；使入會vi.注冊；參軍Register：登記；注冊；掛號Recruit：招聘；新兵；新成員部落；肯尼亞手冊馬上就會明白Ifsomething,especiallyapartofyourbody,twitchesorifyoutwitchit,itmakesalittlejumpingmovement.(身體等)抽動用于傷害他人，就不是力量；要有道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；如高級知識分子，沒有道德是最危險的，如趙本山，轉(zhuǎn)基因，地溝油等；復(fù)旦大學(xué)投毒案；馬家爵案等。必須要有道德高尚，用道德規(guī)范自己。Whatvaluesinactionareinmanyways,theyareaboutself-concordantjourney.Meaning,whenwesetagoalandoutcome,weareaboutadestination,yes,itcertainlybenefitsthejourney.Yes,itcertainlyhelpsusenjoybyliberatingus,helpsusenjoythehereandnow.Butultimately,whatourfocusisontheendresult.Withvaluesinaction,ourfocusisonspecifically,directlythejourney.HowcanIenjoygettingtotheend,mydestination?Isitbyengaginginalotoflearning?Isitbywhichmaybeacharacterstrengthofmine,loveoflearning?Isitbyengagingleadingotherpeople,theleadershipisoneofthosecharacterstrengths?Isitbybeingspiritualandprayingalongthepath,ifspiritualityorawe信仰和敬畏ismycharacterstrengths.Soit’shelpingusenjoythejourneyonthewaytoadestinationwedeemIfsomethingisdeemedtohaveaparticularqualityortodoaparticularthing,itisconsideredtohavethatqualityordothatthing.認(rèn)為;相信valuable.Inotherwords,ifwehaveaself-concordantendandaself-concordantjourney,thisiswhathappinessis.Bothpresentbenefit(journey)aswellasfuturebenefit(outcome).Andthat’swhyitgoeshandinhandwithaself-concordantgoal.It’snotthattheself-concordantgoalsdon’thelpusenjoythejourney,andit’sontheVIAdoeshelpusreachabetteroutcome.Itdoes.However,whentheygotogether,wearemorelikelytoexperienceacompleteexperienceofhappiness,offulfillment.Andalotofresearchhasshownhowidentifyourvaluesinactionandmoreimportantlyapplyingthem,usingthem,exercisingthemleadstohigherlevelsofhappinessandsuccess.Andthisisnotjustcor-relational;thereisacausalcausalrelationship信仰和敬畏Ifsomethingisdeemedtohaveaparticularqualityortodoaparticularthing,itisconsideredtohavethatqualityordothatthing.認(rèn)為;相信causalrelationship因果關(guān)系causalrelation因果關(guān)系causalanalysis因果分析causalfactor起因；病原['k?zl]Ifthereisacausalrelationshipbetweentwothings,onethingisresponsibleforcausingtheotherthing.因果關(guān)系的Inadditiontothequestionnairethatyouwillbetakingherearesomeothercriteriatoidentifywhatareyourpersonalcharacterstrengths.Thefirstoneis“isthistherealme?”DoIfeelauthentic,mostmyself,whenIamworkinginagroup?WhenIamleadingpeople?WhenIamlearningsomethingnew?WhenIampraying?WhenI’mwatchingacomedyortellingjokesorlisteningtojokes?WhendoIfeelmostmyself?WilliamJames,backinthe19thcentury,我時常覺得定義一個人性格的最好辦法就是尋找特定的心理，或道德態(tài)度，它們出現(xiàn)時，他覺得自己最為積極和活躍。在這種時刻，他內(nèi)心有一個聲音說，這就是真的我?！癐haveoftenthoughtthebestwaytodefineaman’scharacterwouldbetoseekouttheparticularmentalormoralattitudeinwhich,whenitcameuponhim,hefelthimselfmostdeeplyandintenselyactiveandalive.Atsuchmomentsthereisavoiceinsidewhichspeaksandsays,“Thisistherealme!””whenistherealyoucomingout?Isitwhenyouactbravely?Isitwhenyouapplyyourselfandworkhardatsomething?IsitwhenyouplanandyouareprudentSomeonewhoisprudentissensibleandcareful.謹(jǐn)慎的我時常覺得定義一個人性格的最好辦法就是尋找特定的心理，或道德態(tài)度，它們出現(xiàn)時，他覺得自己最為積極和活躍。在這種時刻，他內(nèi)心有一個聲音說，這就是真的我。Someonewhoisprudentissensibleandcareful.謹(jǐn)慎的prudentmonetarypolicy穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策；謹(jǐn)慎的貨幣政策Whenyouareactingaccordingtoyourcharacterstrengths,youfeelenergizedandyoufeelmotivated.Itcomesfromwithin.Itfeelsnatural.Again,thisisaboutunderstandingyourpersonalnature,theconstrainedviewofhumannature,asopposedtosaying“well,allthestrengthsareme.Icancultivateallthestrengths.”Yes,it’strue.Andweallhavesomeofallofthestrengths.However,however,wealsohavecertaininclination偏向Embed：置入；嵌入；Ifsomethingsuchasanattitudeorfeelingisembeddedinasocietyorsystem,orinsomeone'spersonality,itbecomesapermanentandnoticeablefeatureofit.使根深蒂固[usupassive]sembeddedwhetherit’sinourgenes,whetherit’sinourearlierexperiences.Andit’snotwecannotorshouldnotcultivatetheotherstrength,butwhatweneedtodoisfocusmostlyonthosestrengthsthataremostnaturaltous.Becausethat’swhenwegetthemostbankforthebuckAbuckisaU.S.orAustraliandollar.美元;澳元,sotospeak,intheultimatecurrencythatis,aswellasinsuccess,theconventionalstandardofsuccess.Andwhenweengageinthosestrengths,ourpersonalstrengths,that’swhenwegrowthemost,that’swhenwedevelopthemost,that’swhenwelearnthemost.Andagain,askyourselfasinaminuteyou偏向Embed：置入；嵌入；Ifsomethingsuchasanattitudeorfeelingisembeddedinasocietyorsystem,orinsomeone'spersonality,itbecomesapermanentandnoticeablefeatureofit.使根深蒂固[usupassive]AbuckisaU.S.orAustraliandollar.美元;澳元Hereisthelist.Takejustaminutetolookatthem.Theyaredividedintosixcategories.Thereare24characterstrengths.AndIjustwantyoutobeexposedtoitrightnow.Because,again,foryourhomework,you’llgetaprint-outprint-out['print,aut]n.theoutputofacomputerinprintedform打印；印出文件ofallthestrengthswithdescription.Justtakeafewsecondstolookthroughthem.Andaskyourself:whoareyou?Whenitcomestothesestrengths.print-out['print,aut]n.theoutputofacomputerinprintedform打印；印出文件Ok.Here’swhatwearegoingtodo.WhatwearegoingtodonowisI’mgoingtointroduceyoutotwoexercises.TwoexercisesthatbuildontheVIA,thatbuildonthisquestionnaire,thatbuildonyouridentifyingyourpersonalcharacterstrengths.Thefirstexerciseyouareactuallygoingtobedoing,that’snextweek,foryourresponsepaper.ThesecondexerciseisonethatIhighlyrecommenddoing,forlackoftime,wecan’talsodothat.Thefirstone,andthisisbasedonresearch,donebyPetersonandhiscolleagues,hasbeenshowingremarkableeffects,remarkableconsequencesintermsofwellbeingaswellasintermsofsuccess.Andwhatitisaboutisbuildingcapacity.It’saboutidentifyingthecharacterstrengthsandthenpursuingthem.Justaquickrecap簡單概述：Recap：動；名Youcansaythatyouaregoingtorecapwhenyouwanttodrawpeople'sattentiontothefactthatyouaregoingtorepeatthemainpointsofanexplanation,argument,ordescription,asasummaryofit.概括aboutwhatitmeanstobuildcapacity.Yousee,whenyouarethinkingaboutcharacterstrengthandapplyingcharacterstrength,whatweknowisthatithelpsyoubecomehappier,rememberaself-concordantjourney.Soyoufounddoingsomethingandconstantlyengagedinlearningnewthings,ifitismypersonalstrengthorexpressinggratitudeconstantly,ifthatismycharacterstrength.SomethingthatI’minclinedtodo.I’llbehappier.Inotherwords,goingbacktoourmodelfromoursecondorthirdclass.Itwillhelpusgofromzerotothepositive.However,whatwasfoundintheresearchisthatitdoesn’tonlyhelpusgofromthezerotothepositive,italsohelpsusbetterdealwiththenegative.Thisitdoesdirectly.This,itdoesindirectly.How?Bybuildingcapacity.Ifyouthinkaboutit,thisiswhatpositivepsychologyisabout,aswe’vediscussednumeroustimes.It’saboutbuildingcapacities建立能力.It’saboutstrengtheningourimmunesystem,makingusmoreresilient,ortheotheranalogythatweuse,buildingastrongermotorsothatwecanbetterdealwithhardships,withuphillbattles,whenthesearise.SocultivatingourVIAdirectlyaffectsourjourney,weenjoyitmore.Fromthezerotothepositive.Andthenitdoessomethingelse.Italsohelpsusbuildcapacitysowearebetterabletodealthenegative,withdifficulties,withhardshipswhentheseinevitablyarise.Sohereistheprocess,thefirststepistoidentifyyoucharacterstrengths.Seemsprettyobvious.Thewaytodoit,twosteps,twosub-steps又分為兩步.First,totakethequestionnaire,totakethetest.Thisisthewebsite.Itwillallbeemailedtoyouplus.It’sonthepower-point.Totakethistest.It’s240questions.Itshouldtakeyouabout30minutes.Andtherearenorightorwronganswers.