2019年英語(yǔ)新外研選修七講義Module3SectionⅠIntroductionReading-Pre-reading

OliverTwistisayoungorphan.Hismother,notknowntoanyoneinthetown,diedrightaftergivingbirthtohim,andhewassenttotheorphanage.Whenheturnednine,hewassenttotheworkhouse.Oneday,Oliveraskedformore,soMrBumblesenthimtoanundertaker(殯儀員)．Itwasnotgreatthereeither,andOliverranaway.OliverwalkedtowardsLondon,wherehemetaboynamedJackDawkins.HeintroducedOlivertoFagin,whotrainedkidstobethieves.Oneday,OliverwentoutwithJackandaboynamedCharleyBates.OliversawthemstealthehandkerchiefofMrBrownlow.HewasarrestedfortheftbyMrBrownlowmistakenly.Luckily,thebooksellerprovedOliverwasinnocent.AtlastMrBrownlowtookOliverhome.Later,FaginorderedhisloverNancytotakeOliverbackandshesucceeded.OliverwasforcedtobreakintoahouseandstealthingswithBillSikes,butOliverwasshot.Sikesescaped,leavingOliverbehind.Oliverhadtogobacktothehouse,wherethekindowner,MrsMaylie,andhernieceRose,decidedtoprotecthim.AfterOliverrecovered,theyplannedtotakehimtoseeMrBrownlow,butOliverwasnowheretobefound.Meanwhile,FaginandhispartnerMonksdidn'tgiveupfindingOliver.Nancy,overhearing(偷聽(tīng))FaginandMonks'conversation,wenttoRosetotellherthatMonkswasOliver'shalf-brother,whohadbeentryingtogetOliver'sinheritance(遺產(chǎn))．RoseandMrBrownlowdecidedtofindMonksandtheymetNancyagainonLondonBridge,butNancywasfollowedbyNoah,aboysentbyFagin.NoahreportedeverythingtoFagin.ThenFagintoldthattoSikes.SikeskilledNancy.Finally,MrBrownlowfoundMonkswhoadmittedeverythingthathehaddone.Sikeswasontherun,andaccidentallyhunghimselfinfallingoffaroof.Faginwasarrested.Oliver,MrBrownlow,andtheMayliesendeduplivingapeacefullife.SectionⅠIntroduction&Reading—Pre-reading[原文呈現(xiàn)][讀文清障]OliverAsksforMoreTheroom①inwhichtheboyswerefed②wasalargestonehall,withalargepot③atoneend④.Thewarden⑤，helpedbytwowomen⑥，served⑦thesoupfromthispotatmealtimes.Eachboywasallowedonebowlofsoupandnomore,exceptonspecialholidayswhenhewasgivenanother60gramsofbread⑧.Thebowlsneverneededwashing⑨，astheboyscleanedthemwiththeirspoons,tryingtoeateverybitof⑩soup?.Thisnevertookverylong,asthespoonswerealmostaslargeasthebowls.Whentheyhadcleanedtheirbowlsinthisway?，theywouldsitstaringat?thepotwitheager?eyes?，asiftheywantedtoeatit.Boysusuallyhaveexcellentappetites?.OliverTwistandhiscompanions?slowlystarvedforthreemonthsuntilfinally,theybecamequitewildwithhunger?.①inwhich為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，inwhichtheboyswerefed是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞theroom。②feed/fi?d/v.喂養(yǎng)；為……提供食品③pot/p?t/n.鍋④withalargepotatoneend是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。⑤warden/'w??dn/n.管理員⑥過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾thewarden。⑦serve/s??v/v.端上(飯菜等)⑧when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞holidays。⑨needwashing需要洗該結(jié)構(gòu)中用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，還可表達(dá)為needtobewashed。⑩everybitof每一點(diǎn)abitof...一點(diǎn)兒……?astheboyscleanedthemwiththeirspoons是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，其中tryingtoeateverybitofsoup作cleaned的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。?inthisway用這種方式同義詞組：bythismeans/withthismethod?stareat注視著，盯著gazeat瞪著，怒目而視?eager/'i?ɡ?/adj.熱切的，渴望的beeagerfor...渴望……beeagertodosth.渴望做某事?現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)staringatthe...作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨。?appetite/'?p??taIt/n.胃口；食欲?companionn．伙伴，同伴?becomewildwithhunger餓得發(fā)瘋其中become為連系動(dòng)詞，wild作表語(yǔ)，而with在此表示原因。奧利弗還要更多[第1段譯文]男孩們進(jìn)食的場(chǎng)所是一間寬敞的大石廳，一口大鍋放在大廳的一頭。開(kāi)飯的時(shí)候，管理員從鍋里舀湯，有兩個(gè)女人給他打雜。每個(gè)男孩只可分得一碗湯，決不多給，除非逢特別的節(jié)日，才可以再分到60克面包。粥碗從來(lái)用不著洗，孩子們非用湯匙把碗刮得重又明光錚亮了才住手，試圖吃掉每一點(diǎn)粥。這絕對(duì)花不了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，因?yàn)闇讕缀蹙陀型肽前愦罅恕Ｋ麄冞@樣把碗刮干凈以后，就坐在那兒，眼巴巴地瞅著湯鍋，似乎要把它也吞進(jìn)肚子里。男孩們的胃口通常都很好。三個(gè)月以來(lái)，奧利弗·特威斯特和同伴們一起忍受著慢性饑餓的煎熬，到后來(lái)餓得都快發(fā)瘋了。Therewasoneboywhowastallforhisage,andwasnotusedto?beinghungryallthetime?，ashisfatherhadkepteq\o(○,\s\up1(21))asmallcookshopeq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).Thisboytoldhisfriendsthathehadtohaveanotherbowlofsoupeachday.Ifhedidnoteq\o(○,\s\up1(23))，hewasafraidthatonenighthemighteatthesmallyoungboywhosleptnexttoeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))himeq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).Thetallboyhadawild,hungrylookeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))inhiseyeandeveryonebelievedhim.Theboyshadameeting.Theydecidedthatoneofthemshouldwalkuptoeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))thewardenaftersupperthateveningandaskforeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))morefood.Theywrotetheirnamesonpiecesofpaperandpickedoneouteq\o(○,\s\up1(29)).ItwasOliverTwistwhowaschosen.eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))Theeveningarrivedandtheboyswenttotheirplaces.Thewardenstoodbyeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))thepotwithhisassistantsinalinebehindhimeq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).Thesoupwasservedanddisappeareddowntheboy'sthroatseq\o(○,\s\up1(33)).Theboyswhisperedeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))toeachother,andthosenexttoOlivernudgedeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))him.Oliver,whowasdesperateeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))withhungerandmiseryeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))，rosefromthetableandwalkedtowardsthemasterwithhisbowlandspooninhishand.Frightenedbyhisowncourageeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))，hesaid,“Pleasesir,Iwantsomemore.”?be(not)usedtodoingsth.(不)習(xí)慣于做某事?allthetime一直，總是eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))keep此處表示“經(jīng)營(yíng)”，相當(dāng)于run。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))whowastall...allthetime是限制性定語(yǔ)從句；ashisfatherhadkeptasmallcookshop是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))Ifhedidnot是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))nextto(＝closeto)靠近，接近eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))whosleptnexttohim是定語(yǔ)從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))lookn．表情，外貌eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))walkupto向……走去eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))askfor要求，請(qǐng)求eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))pickout挑選；認(rèn)出pickup(開(kāi)車(chē))去接；收聽(tīng)；(不經(jīng)意)學(xué)會(huì)；好轉(zhuǎn)eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))Itwas...who...為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))standby站在……的旁邊；支持eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))此處為“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，inaline(排)成一排eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))downone'sthroat向下通過(guò)某人的喉嚨eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))whisper/'wIsp?/v.低聲地說(shuō)；耳語(yǔ)eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))nudge/n?d?/v.推開(kāi)eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))desperate/'despr?t/adj.絕望的bedesperatefor渴望得到bedesperatetodosth.渴望做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))miseryn．苦難；痛苦eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))Frightenedbyhisowncourage作狀語(yǔ)，意為“被自己的大膽嚇了一跳”。[第2～3段譯文]其中有個(gè)男孩子，個(gè)子較同齡人高，而且不習(xí)慣總這么挨餓，因?yàn)樗赣H開(kāi)過(guò)一家小飯館。他跟朋友們說(shuō)他每天必須多喝一碗湯，否則難保哪天晚上他就會(huì)把睡在他身邊的那個(gè)小男孩吃掉。那個(gè)高個(gè)子男孩兒眼睛里閃動(dòng)著一副野性的饑餓目光，孩子們都信以為真。男孩們開(kāi)了一個(gè)會(huì)，決定在當(dāng)天傍晚吃過(guò)晚飯后，他們中的一個(gè)要到管理員那里去再要一些食物。他們將名字寫(xiě)在紙條上，抽出一張。奧利弗·特威斯特被抽中了。夜晚來(lái)臨，男孩子們來(lái)到了各自的位子上。管理員站在鍋邊，打下手的人排成一行站在他的身后。湯一分給孩子們，就被一掃而光了。孩子們交頭接耳，那些坐在奧利弗旁邊的孩子用胳膊肘推他。奧利弗已經(jīng)被饑餓與苦難逼得什么都顧不上了，他從桌邊站起來(lái)，手里拿著碗和湯匙，朝管理員走去。被自己的大膽嚇了一跳，他說(shuō)：“求你了，先生，我還想要一點(diǎn)?！盩hewardenwasafat,healthyeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))man,buthisfacebecameverypaleeq\o(○,\s\up1(40)).Hestaredincompleteastonishmenteq\o(○,\s\up1(41))atthechildandheldontoeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))thepotforsupporteq\o(○,\s\up1(43)).Notuntilatleasteq\o(○,\s\up1(44))thirtysecondshadpassed,wasthemanabletospeakeq\o(○,\s\up1(45)).“What？”hesaidfinally,inaweakvoiceeq\o(○,\s\up1(46)).“Please,sir，”repliedOliver,“Iwantsomemore.”Nosoonerhadtheboyspokenthesewordsthaneq\o(○,\s\up1(47))thewardenhithimontheheadeq\o(○,\s\up1(48))withthesoupspooneq\o(○,\s\up1(49)).Thenheseizedeq\o(○,\s\up1(50))Oliver'sarmsandheldhim,whileheshoutedforMrBumble.Themanagersoftheworkhouseeq\o(○,\s\up1(51))werehavingameetingwhenMrBumblerushedintoeq\o(○,\s\up1(52))theroomingreatexcitementeq\o(○,\s\up1(53)).Speakingtotheleaderofthemeetingeq\o(○,\s\up1(54))，hesaid,“MrLimbkins,Iamsorry,sir!OliverTwisthasaskedformore！”eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))healthy/'helθi/adj.健康的eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))paleadj.蒼白的eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))inastonishment驚訝地，吃驚地eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))holdonto抓著eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))support/s?'p??t/n.支撐物eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))atleast(＝attheleast)至少eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))Notuntilatleastthirty...wasthemanabletospeak.是倒裝句。notuntil位于句首，主句用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))ina...voice用……聲音(說(shuō))，……聲地eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))nosooner...than...剛一……就……eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))hitsb.onthehead打某人的頭eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))nosooner...than...句式中，nosooner置于句首時(shí)，該句用部分倒裝。要注意原句的時(shí)態(tài)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))seize/si?z/v.抓住seizesb.bythearm抓住某人的胳膊eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))bedoing...when...正在做某事，就在那時(shí)(又發(fā)生了另一件事)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))rushinto沖進(jìn)去eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))ingreatexcitement(情緒)非常激動(dòng)eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)Speakingtotheleaderofthemeeting作狀語(yǔ)。[第4～7段譯文]管理員是個(gè)健壯的胖子，但他的臉一下子變白了。他瞪著這個(gè)孩子，完全驚呆了，手抓著鍋以求站穩(wěn)。至少過(guò)了30秒鐘，他才說(shuō)出話(huà)來(lái)?！笆裁矗俊惫芾韱T最后開(kāi)了口，聲音有氣無(wú)力?！跋壬?，求求你了，我還想要一些?！眾W利弗答道。孩子的話(huà)剛出口，大師傅就操起勺子狠狠地敲他的腦袋。然后他抓住奧利弗的胳膊不放，尖聲高呼著本伯先生。濟(jì)貧院的理事們正在開(kāi)會(huì)，本伯先生沖進(jìn)房間，情緒十分激動(dòng)。他對(duì)主持會(huì)議的人說(shuō)：“林勃金斯先生，請(qǐng)您原諒！奧利弗·特威斯特還要更多！”Thefacesofeveryoneintheroomshowedcompleteastonishment.“Formore！”saidMrLimbkins.“Thinkcarefully,MrBumble,andanswermeclearlyeq\o(○,\s\up1(55)).DoIunderstandthatheaskedformoreeq\o(○,\s\up1(56))，afterhehadeatenhisbowlofsoup？”“Hedid,sir，”repliedBumble.“NeverhaveIheardanythinglikeit！eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))”saidMrLimbkins.“They'llhangeq\o(○,\s\up1(58))thatboy，”saidagentlemaninawhitejacket.“Iknowthatthey'llhanghimeq\o(○,\s\up1(59)).”Nobodydisagreedwitheq\o(○,\s\up1(60))thegentleman'sopinion.Alivelydiscussiontookplaceeq\o(○,\s\up1(61)).Oliverwasimmediatelylockedeq\o(○,\s\up1(62))inaroom.Thenextmorninganoticewasputupeq\o(○,\s\up1(63))onthedooroftheworkhouseeq\o(○,\s\up1(64))，offeringarewardeq\o(○,\s\up1(65))toanybodywhowouldemployOliverTwisteq\o(○,\s\up1(66)).“Ineverwasmoresureofanythinginmylife，”saidthegentlemaninthewhitejacket,asheknockedatthedoorandreadthenoticethenextmorning.“Ineverwasmoresureofeq\o(○,\s\up1(67))anythinginmylife—thatboywillbehanged.”eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))此處為and連接兩個(gè)并列的祈使句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(56))thatheaskedformore是賓語(yǔ)從句，作understand的賓語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))NeverhaveIheardanythinglikeit！是倒裝句。never位于句首引起部分倒裝。never在此為否定副詞，引起倒裝時(shí)，往往借助于相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞。eq\o(○,\s\up1(58))hang/h??/v.(hanged,hanged)絞死；吊死hangv．(hung,hung)懸掛eq\o(○,\s\up1(59))thatthey'llhanghim是賓語(yǔ)從句，作know的賓語(yǔ)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(60))disagreewith不同意eq\o(○,\s\up1(61))takeplace發(fā)生；進(jìn)行該短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(62))lock/l?k/v.用鎖鎖(起來(lái))eq\o(○,\s\up1(63))putup此處指“張貼”布告。eq\o(○,\s\up1(64))workhouse/'w??k?ha?s/n.(英國(guó)昔日的)濟(jì)貧院；貧民習(xí)藝所eq\o(○,\s\up1(65))reward/rI'w??d/n.酬謝；獎(jiǎng)賞；賞金eq\o(○,\s\up1(66))offeringarewardtoanybody...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾notice。該狀語(yǔ)中又包含了定語(yǔ)從句whowouldemployOliverTwist。eq\o(○,\s\up1(67))besureof有把握，確信becertainof確信……[第8～13段譯文]在房間里開(kāi)會(huì)的所有人個(gè)個(gè)臉上都露出大為驚異的神色?！斑€要更多！”林勃金斯先生說(shuō)?！白屑?xì)想想，本伯先生，清楚地回答我的話(huà)。我該沒(méi)有聽(tīng)錯(cuò)，你是說(shuō)他喝了他的那碗湯以后還要更多？”“是這樣的，先生，”本伯回答道?！拔疫€從來(lái)沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)這樣的事呢！”林勃金斯先生說(shuō)道?！八麄儠?huì)把那個(gè)男孩子吊死，”一個(gè)穿著白色夾克的紳士說(shuō)道，“我知道他們會(huì)把他吊死。”對(duì)這位紳士的觀點(diǎn)，誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有反駁。理事會(huì)進(jìn)行了一番激烈的討論。奧利弗立刻被關(guān)進(jìn)一個(gè)房間里。第二天早晨，濟(jì)貧院門(mén)外貼出了一張告示，向愿意雇用奧利弗·特威斯特的人提供獎(jiǎng)賞?！斑@輩子我還從沒(méi)有對(duì)什么事情這么肯定過(guò)呢。”第二天早晨，那個(gè)穿著白夾克的紳士一邊敲門(mén)，一邊瀏覽著這張告示說(shuō)道，“這輩子我還從沒(méi)有對(duì)什么事情這么肯定過(guò)——那個(gè)孩子一定會(huì)被吊死。”P(pán)re-readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．sceneA．veryinterestedandexcitedbysth.thatisgoingtohappen2．feedB．talkorsaysth.privatelyorsecretly3．serveC．takeholdof(sth.)suddenlyandviolently4．whisperD．feelinggreatdespairandreadytodoanythingregardlessofdanger5．desperateE．sth.givenorreceivedinreturnforworkorservice6．seizeF．togivefoodto;toprovidefoodfor7．rewardG．toprovide(guests,customers,etc.)withfood,drinks,etc.8．eagerH．a(chǎn)setofcontinuousactioninplays,films,etc.1～56～8答案：1～5HFGBD6～8CEALead-inDoyouknowthenovelist?Canyoutellusanynovelswrittenbyhim?參考答案：ThenovelistisCharlesDickens.HisnovelsareOliverTwist,GreatExpectations,AtaleofTwocities,etc.While-readingFast-reading(Ⅰ)Readthetextquicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachpart.1．Part1(Para.1)A．Oliverwaschosentoaskformorefood.2．Part2(Para.2－3)B．Alltheboysintheworkhousewerehungry.3．Part3(Para.4－13)C．Oliverwashitandlocked.1～3答案：1～3BAC(Ⅱ)Skimthetextandputthesentencesinthecorrectorder.A．Everyoneatthemeetingagreedwiththegentleman'sopinionofhangingOliverTwist.B．OliverTwistwaschosentoaskformorefood.C．Thewardenstoodbythepotwithhisassistantsinalinebehindhim.D．ThewardenwastoosurprisedtospeakforatleastthirtysecondsafterhearingOliverTwist'swords.答案：B－C－D－ACareful-readingReadthetextagainandchoosethebestanswers.1．Thispassageismainlyabout.A．Oliver'shappylifeB．Oliverandhiscompanions'satisfyinglifeC．Oliverandhiscompanions'terriblelifeD．Oliver'sstudyexperience2．Whoservedthesoupfromthepotatmealtimes?A．Onlythewarden.B．Amanwhokeptasmallcookshop.C．Thewardenandtwootherwomen.D．Agentlemaninawhitejacket.3．Theboysthereneverwashedtheirbowlsbecause.A．theyclearedtheirbowlswiththeirspoonsinordertoeateverybitofsoupB．theyweresolazythattheydidn'twanttodoitC．therewasnotanywaterinthelargestonehallD．theirparentswouldhelpthemwashthebowls4．Whydidtheboystherehaveameetingbeforesupper?A．Becauseallofthemwerenotusedtobeinghungryallthetime.B．Becausealltheboyshadexcellentappetites.C．Becausealltheboyswantedtousesmallerspoons.D．Becausetheywantedtochooseoneboytoaskthewardenformorefood.5．WhatdidthemanagersdotopunishOliver?A．Theylethimstanddayandnight.B．Theylockedhiminaroom.C．Theylethimdoalotofhomework.D．Theyforbadehimtoeatanything.答案：1～5CCADBStudy-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Hedescribedlifeinthemiddleofthe19thcentury,aperiodthatisnowcalledVictorian,asitiswhenQueenVictoriaruledBritain.[句式分析]此句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句中的aperiodthatisnowcalledVictorian是同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明前面的themiddleofthe19thcentury;thatisnowcalledVictorian為定語(yǔ)從句；as引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，系動(dòng)詞is后接when引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。[嘗試翻譯]他描述了19世紀(jì)中期的生活，當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)正處在維多利亞女皇的統(tǒng)治下，現(xiàn)在也稱(chēng)這個(gè)時(shí)期為維多利亞時(shí)期。2．Oliver,whowasdesperatewithhungerandmisery,rosefromthetableandwalkedtowardsthemasterwithhisbowlandspooninhishand.[句式分析]eq\f(Oliver，,主語(yǔ))eq\f(whowasdesperatewithhungerandmisery，,who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Oliver)eq\f(rosefromthetableandwalkedtowardsthemaster,and連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作謂語(yǔ))eq\f(withhisbowlandspooninhishand.,with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ))[嘗試翻譯]奧利弗已經(jīng)被饑餓與苦難逼得什么都顧不上了，他從桌邊站起來(lái)，手里拿著碗和湯匙，朝管理員走去。3．Thenextmorninganoticewasputuponthedooroftheworkhouse,offeringarewardtoanybodywhowouldemployOliverTwist.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，主句主語(yǔ)是anotice，謂語(yǔ)是wasputuponthedooroftheworkhouse；offeringarewardtoanybodywhowouldemployOliverTwist為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨狀況，而且里面含有who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞anybody。[嘗試翻譯]第二天早晨，濟(jì)貧院門(mén)外貼出了一張告示，向愿意雇用奧利弗·特威斯特的人提供獎(jiǎng)賞。Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWaltDisneyiscreditedforcreatingsuchwonderfulthingsasDonaldDuckandMickeyMouse.However,hecannottakethecreditforcreatingotherwell-lovedcharacters,suchasCinderellaandSnowWhite.TheyarealmostautomaticallyassociatedwithDisneybecauseDisneyturnedoldfables(寓言)intocartoonmovies.TheoriginalCinderellavariesverymuchfromtheDisneyversionweknowtoday.Itstartedoffwiththegirlmourninghermother'sdeathandgoingtohertombthreetimesaday.Inaddition,therewereonlybirdsthathelpedCinderella;therewasnosuchthingasafairygodmotherorhelpfulmice,norwastherementionofahorseandcarriage.Thestepsisterswerecruel:theyalwaysthrewCinderella'sfoodintotheashesofthefire,andmadehersleepontheashesonthefloor,hence(因此，由此)hername.Intheoriginalstory,theking'sballactuallylastedforthreedays.Withthehelpofthebirds,thegirl,beautifullydressed,dancedwiththeprinceonallthreenightsandtheprincefellinlovewithher.However,shebrokeawayfromhimtorushbackhomeeachnight.Onthelastnight,theprinceplacedsomethingstickyonthestairs;asCinderellamadeherescape,ashoegotstuckonit.Herenowiswherethestorybecomesunpleasant:whentheprincewenttothehouselookingforthegirlwhosefootfittheshoe,thewicked(邪惡的)stepmothertoldoneofhertwodaughterstocutoffherbigtoetofitintotheshoe.Thedaughterdidastold.Sotheprincetookherawaytobehisbride.But,whentheypassedthetombofCinderella'smother,thebirdscalledouttotheprince，“Turnandpeep,there'sbloodwithintheshoe；Theshoeistoosmall,thetruebridewaitsforyou.”Realizinghehadbeentricked,theprincereturnedthedaughtertohermother;theotherthenhadtocutoffpartofherheelinordertofitintotheshoe,withthesameresult.OnlyCinderella'sfootfitperfectlyandsotheprincechosetomarryher.Thestoryendswiththeweddingday:asCinderella'stwostepsistersfollowedher,pretendingtobedevotedtohersothattheycouldenjoytheking'sriches,twobirdsflewbyandplucked(啄)outtheireyes.Becauseoftheirwickednessandfalsehood,theyhadtospendtherestoftheirdaysblind.TheoriginalCinderellaissodifferentfromtheDisneyversion.ThankgoodnessDisneymadesuchchanges;itindeedwasawisemove.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。迪士尼的卡通人物“灰姑娘”的故事幾乎是家喻戶(hù)曉，但你知道最初的灰姑娘的故事嗎？大家趕快讀文章，從中尋求一個(gè)不同的“灰姑娘”吧。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Suchwonderfulthings.B．Otherwell-lovedcharacters.C．Oldfables.D．Cartoonmovies.解析：選B代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)單詞所在句的前一句“However,hecannottakethecreditforcreatingotherwell-lovedcharacters...”可以得出答案。2．HowdidCinderellagethername?A．Thebirdscameupwithit.B．ItwasgivenbyDisney.C．Itcamefromtheword“ash”．D．Shegotitfromhermother.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中可知，“灰姑娘”這個(gè)名字是從單詞ash得出的。A項(xiàng)“鳥(niǎo)兒們想出的”，B項(xiàng)“迪士尼給的”，D項(xiàng)“她從她媽媽那里得到的”，都與原文的內(nèi)容不符。3．Themoraloftheoriginalstoryisthat.A．a(chǎn)wickedpersoncannotescapepunishmentB．a(chǎn)devotedpersoncertainlydeservesrespectC．a(chǎn)well-behavedchildearnsagreatrewardD．a(chǎn)dishonestchildcannotgetmotherlove解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的冒名頂替的兩個(gè)姐姐都被王子發(fā)現(xiàn)了，且小鳥(niǎo)把她們的眼睛啄瞎了可知，她們?yōu)樽约旱男袨楦冻隽舜鷥r(jià)，因此本文的寓意是“邪惡的人逃脫不了懲罰”，所以選擇A項(xiàng)。4．WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheDisneyversion?A．Excellent. B．Ordinary.C．Dull. D．Ridiculous.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThankgoodnessDisneymadesuchchanges;itindeedwasawisemove.”尤其是“Thankgoodness”以及“awisemove”可知，作者對(duì)迪士尼版本的灰姑娘比較認(rèn)可，因此選A項(xiàng)“極好的，優(yōu)秀的”。BCaptainRalphCreweisawealthyEnglishman,whohaslosthiswifeandliveswithhisyoungdaughterSara.HesendsSaratoMissMinchin'sboardingschoolforgirlsinLondon,inordertoprepareherforafuturelifeinsociety.Crewepaysforherspecialtreatmentattheschool,suchasherownroomwithgreatthings,herownmaid,andherowncarriage.Theheadteacher,MissMinchin,secretlydislikesSara,butshehideshertruefeelingsandpubliclyfawnsover(奉承)Sarabecauseherfatherissorich.Thoughlivingarichlife,Saraisconsideredquiet,well-manneredandkindbymostpeople.Shegainsthereputationofbeinglikea“princess”．Aftersometime,alargepartyisthrownforSara'sbirthdayatMissMinchin'sboardingschool,whichisattendedbyallherfriendsandclassmates.Justasitends,MissMinchinlearnsofCaptainCrewe'sunfortunatedeath.AfriendtalkedCaptainCreweintodevelopingdiamondmineswithhim.TheminesfailedandSaraisleftwithnomoney.MissMinchinisleftwithalotofunpaidbillsforSara'sschoolfeesandluxuries(奢侈品),includingherbirthdayparty.Angrily,MissMinchintakesawayallofSara'spossessions,makesherliveinacoldlittledarkroom,andforceshertoearnherlivingbyworkingasaservant.Forthenextseveralyears,SaraistreatedbadlybyMissMinchinandtheotherservants.Thoughshelivesahardlife,Sararemainsoptimisticandkind.Shewillgivebreadtothepoorgirlonthestreet,thoughsheisalsoveryhungryherself.Meanwhile,Mr.CarrisfordandhisIndianassistantmoveintothehousenextdoortoMissMinchin'swasCaptainCrewe'sfriendandpartnerinthediamondmines.Asitturnedout,thediamondminesdidnotfail.Instead,ithasmadeMr.CarrisfordextremelyisdeterminedtofindCrewe'sdaughter,althoughhedoesnotknowwheresheisexactly.HethinkssheisattendingschoolinFranceorMoscow.Doyouwanttoknowwhathappensnext？ThenfindacopyofALittlePrincessbyFrancesHodgsonBurnettandenjoyit.語(yǔ)篇解讀：《小公主》是弗朗西斯·霍奇森·伯內(nèi)特的代表作，本文向我們介紹了這個(gè)故事的部分內(nèi)容。5．AccordingtoParagraph1,whatdomostpeopleattheschoolthinkofSara?A．Theyspeakhighlyofher.B．Theypraiseherinsincerely.C．They'reafraidofhersometimes.D．Theydislikeherbecauseshe'sunkind.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，薩拉在學(xué)校時(shí)，身邊大部分的人對(duì)她評(píng)價(jià)都很高。6．WhatkindofpersonisMissMinchin?A．Insincereandcruel.B．Kindandconsiderate.C．Devotedandhonest.D．Greedyandstrict.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Theheadteacher,MissMinchin,secretly...becauseherfatherissorich.”以及第二段“Angrily,MissMinchintakesaway...asaservant.”可知，MissMinchin是一個(gè)虛偽且殘忍的人。7．Bymentioningthepoorgirlonthestreet,theauthorwantstoshowusthatSara.A．hasmanyfriendstohelpherB．remainsoptimisticallthetimeC．remainskind-heartedtoothersD．knowswhatbeingpoorislike解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Sararemainsoptimisticandkind...hungryherself”可知，作者提到在街上乞討的小女孩是要表明薩拉一直很善良。8．WhydidMr.Carrisfordbecomerich?A．Becausehewasgoodatdoingbusiness.B．BecauseCaptainCrewehelpedhimalot.C．BecausehetookawayCaptainCrewe'smoney.D．Becausethediamondmineswereactuallyagreatsuccess.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Asitturnedout,thediamondminesdidnotfail.Instead,ithasmadeMr.Carrisfordextremelyrich.”可知，那些鉆石礦很成功，這使Mr.Carrisford發(fā)了大財(cái)。CShakespeare,moreperhapsthananyotherwriter,madefulluseofthegreatestresourcesoftheEnglishLanguage.MostofususeaboutfivethousandwordsinournormalemploymentofEnglish;Shakespeareinhisworksusedabouttwenty-fivethousand!ThereisprobablynobetterwayforaforeignertoappreciatetherichnessandvarietyoftheEnglishlanguagethanbystudyingthevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareusesit.Suchastudyiswellworththeeffort,eventhoughsomeaspectsofEnglishusage,andthemeaningofmanywords,havechangedsinceShakespeare'sday.However,itissurprisingthatweshouldknowcomparatively(相對(duì)地)littleaboutthelifeofthegreatestEnglishauthor.WeknowthatShakespearewasbornin1564inStratford-on-Avon,andthathediedtherein1616.Healmostcertainlyattendedthegrammarschoolinthetown,butofthiswecannotbesure.Weknowthathewasmarriedtherein1582toAnneHathawayandthathehadthreechildren.WeknowthathespentmuchofhislifeinHowever,whatisimportantaboutShakespeare'slifeisnotitsdetailsbutitsproducts,theplaysandthepoems.FormanyyearsscholarshavebeentryingtoaddafewfactsaboutShakespeare'slifetothesmallnumberwealreadypossessandforanequallylongtimecritics(批評(píng))havebeentheorizing(理論化)abouttheplays.Sometimes,indeed,itseemsthatthepoetryofShakespearewilldisappearunderthegreatmassofcommentthathasbeenwrittenuponit.Fortunately,thisisnotlikelytohappen.Shakespeare'speoplehavelongdelightednotjusttheEnglishbutloversofliteratureeverywhere,andwillcontinuetodosoafterthescholarsandcriticsandalltheirworkshavebeenforgotten.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了莎士比亞的生平及他的作品對(duì)后世的影響。9．What'sParagraph1mainlyabout?A．Thegreatvarietiesinwritingstyles.B．ThegreatlengthofShakespeare'sworks.C．TherichnessofthecontentinShakespeare'sworks.D．TherichEnglishlanguageusedbyShakespeareinhisworks.解析：選D段落大意題。本段開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)出莎士比亞較其他作家而言，對(duì)英語(yǔ)使用的最為充分，接著對(duì)其進(jìn)行了例證，即其作品中的詞匯是常人使用的詞匯的5倍。由此可知D項(xiàng)正確。10．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingremainsuncertainaboutShakespeare?A．Hisdateofbirth. B．Hismarriage.C．Hislifeinthegrammarschool. D．Hisdateofdeath.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Healmostcertainlyattended...cannotbesure.”可知，莎士比亞有沒(méi)有上過(guò)文法學(xué)校不確定。所以選C項(xiàng)。11．Whatdoesthelastsentence