2019年英語(yǔ)新必修三講義Unit3SectionⅢGrammar-賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句

Section_ⅢGrammar—賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)①OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon.②ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnotknowwhatheshoulddo.③Iwonder,Mr.Adams,ifyou'dmindusaskingafewquestions.④Ididn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.⑤That'swhywe'vegivenyoutheletter.⑥Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)以上6個(gè)句子中的黑體部分都是主句中的從句，這些從句在詞性上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，故被稱(chēng)作名詞性從句。(2)①②③④中的黑體部分屬于賓語(yǔ)從句。(3)⑤⑥中的黑體部分屬于表語(yǔ)從句。一、名詞性從句1．概念：在主從復(fù)合句中，相當(dāng)于名詞的從句被稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。2．分類(lèi)：名詞性從句包括：主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。3．連接詞項(xiàng)目連接詞意義在句中的功能從屬連詞that無(wú)意義不充當(dāng)成分whether/if是否不充當(dāng)成分連接代詞who(ever)(無(wú)論)誰(shuí)主、賓、表whose誰(shuí)的定what(ever)(無(wú)論)什么主、賓、表、定which(ever)(無(wú)論)哪個(gè)主、賓、定續(xù)連接副詞when(ever)(無(wú)論)何時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where(ver)(無(wú)論)何地地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)how(ever)(無(wú)論)怎么方式狀語(yǔ)why為什么原因狀語(yǔ)4．注意事項(xiàng)(1)名詞性從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序；(2)主從句的時(shí)態(tài)要基本呼應(yīng)，有時(shí)需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；(3)注意某些連接詞的特殊用法(見(jiàn)后)。[即時(shí)演練1]用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空①I(mǎi)amproudofwhatIdid.ButIwasjusthelpingtodowhatheshoulddo.②Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.③CouldyoutellmehowIcouldapplyforthescholarship?④Doyouknowwhowonthegame?⑤YoumaydependonitthatIshallkeepmyword.⑥Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.二、賓語(yǔ)從句1．概念：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的從句，叫作賓語(yǔ)從句。它可以充當(dāng)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。2．連接詞的用法(1)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句eq\a\vs4\al(用法)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①無(wú)意義②不充當(dāng)成分,\a\vs4\al(省略,情況)\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(省略\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①作動(dòng)詞或形容詞的賓語(yǔ),②有兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，,前一個(gè)從句中的that可以省略)),不省略\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①介詞后賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞that,②有兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，,后一從句中的that不省略))))))Iamafraid(that)I'vemadeamistake.恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthatyouwereaskednottocareaboutit.他說(shuō)你太年輕，還無(wú)法理解這件事情，你也不要去管它。[名師點(diǎn)津]that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可作間接賓語(yǔ)。Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她對(duì)我說(shuō)她會(huì)接受我的邀請(qǐng)。(2)whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句whether或if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在句中不充當(dāng)成分，但是含“是否”之意，從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。Iwonderwhether/ifwe'llfinishthetaskontime.我不知道我們能否按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。I'llseewhether/ifIcanadvisehimtoacceptit.我要看看我是否能勸他接受。[名師點(diǎn)津]用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的情況：①作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether；②與or或ornot連用時(shí)只能用whether；③用于There'ssomedoubtwhether...句型中；④少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如：leave,put,discuss,doubt等后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂(lè)部。Iwanttoknowwhetherit'sgoodnewsornot.我想知道是否是好消息。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldusethemoneytobuyanewhouse.我們討論了是否該用這筆錢(qián)來(lái)買(mǎi)套新房子。Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcomeintime.他是否能及時(shí)趕到值得懷疑。(3)連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever和連接副詞when,where,how,why。這些連接詞都有詞義，除引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。這種賓語(yǔ)從句有疑問(wèn)意義，但不是疑問(wèn)句，不能用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序，而要用陳述語(yǔ)序。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣把工作做好。(how作狀語(yǔ))Shegaveupwhatshewasdoing.她放棄了她正在做的事情。(what作賓語(yǔ))DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是誰(shuí)贏得了紅色警戒的游戲嗎？(who作主語(yǔ))Doyouknowwhenthemeetingwillbegin?你知道什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)嗎？(when作狀語(yǔ))CanIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofthisproject?我能和負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的人談?wù)剢幔?whoever作主語(yǔ))[名師點(diǎn)津]“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”結(jié)構(gòu)的詞可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。[辨析比較]what和which引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別what意為“什么”，所涉及之物無(wú)范圍which意為“哪一個(gè)”，所涉及之物有范圍Theywantedtoseewhichshopwouldofferthebestservice.(他們要看好幾家商店)他們想看看哪家商店提供的服務(wù)最好。Theywantedtoseewhatshopheopenedlastweek.(他們想知道他所開(kāi)的那個(gè)商店的類(lèi)型)他們想看看他上一周開(kāi)的是什么商店。3．注意事項(xiàng)(1)it作形式賓語(yǔ)當(dāng)某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句之后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(通常是形容詞或名詞)時(shí)，通常以it代替that賓語(yǔ)從句作形式賓語(yǔ)，這時(shí)that不可省略。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有find,think，consider,take,feel等。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認(rèn)為我們每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的。Wefinditdifficultthatweshouldfinishtheworkontime.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們按時(shí)完成工作有困難。[名師點(diǎn)津]在like,enjoy,love,hate等表“喜怒哀樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞或一些特殊動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))如take,dependon,relyon,seeto等后若要跟賓語(yǔ)從句，需跟形式賓語(yǔ)it。Ihateitwhentheysaywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿(mǎn)嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)。Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.你相信好了，他們會(huì)支持你的。(2)賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等表示“認(rèn)為、相信、猜測(cè)”等意義的動(dòng)詞，其后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，若從句表示否定意義，則常把否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)部分。Idon'tthink(that)heisinterestedinthatthing.我認(rèn)為他對(duì)那件事不感興趣．Idon'tbelieveshehasfinishedthehomework,hasshe?我想她還沒(méi)有寫(xiě)完作業(yè)，是嗎？(3)賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示“建議、命令、要求、決定、主張”等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可以省略。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞主要有insist,order,demand等。Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。[巧學(xué)助記](méi)后接賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞口訣：“一二三四”一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(insist)；兩個(gè)命令(order,command)；三條建議(advise,suggest,recommend)；四項(xiàng)要求(demand,desire,require,request)。[即時(shí)演練2](1)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空①Wearediscussingwhatweshalldotohelpthepoor.②Journalwriterswriteabouttheirtravelsinwhatiscalledatraveljournal.③Iwonderhowyouaregettingonwithyourstudies.④Iwanttoknowwhereshehasgone.⑤Canyouhelptofindoutwhosewalletitis?⑥Idon'tknowwhether/ifhe'llarriveintime.(2)單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)worryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.②Heinsistedthatthemeeting(should)_be_put(put)off.③Ilikeitthateveryonepassedtheexam.④Theteachersaidthatthesunrises(rise)intheeast.⑤Iknowthathestudied(study)Englishlastterm.⑥Hefeltithisdutythatheshouldhelptheoldman.三、表語(yǔ)從句1．概念：在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句，叫作表語(yǔ)從句。它常位于系動(dòng)詞之后，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣。2．連接詞的用法(1)that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句用法：①無(wú)意義②不充當(dāng)成分③不可省略Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.麻煩的是她弄丟了他的地址。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該告訴他。(2)whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.問(wèn)題還是他們能否幫我們。[名師點(diǎn)津]if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。(3)連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句Theproblemishowwecanfindhim.問(wèn)題是我們?nèi)绾握业剿?。Heisnolongerwhathewas.他已經(jīng)不再是以前的他了。That'swhereyouarewrong.這就是你不對(duì)的地方。(4)because,asif/asthough等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。That'sbecauseyoucan'tappreciatemusic.那是因?yàn)槟悴荒苄蕾p音樂(lè)。3．注意事項(xiàng)(1)why和because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別That'swhy...意為“那是……的原因”，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果That'sbecause...意為“那是因?yàn)椤?，?qiáng)調(diào)原因Ididn'tphoneher,andthat'swhyshegotangrywithme.(強(qiáng)調(diào)“沒(méi)打電話(huà)”這一結(jié)果)我沒(méi)有給她打電話(huà)。那就是她對(duì)我生氣的原因。Ididn'tphoneher,andthat'sbecauseIgotangrywithher.(強(qiáng)調(diào)“生氣”這一原因)我沒(méi)有給她打電話(huà)。那是因?yàn)槲疑臍饬恕?2)表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是：advice,suggestion,proposal,request,order,idea等，從句謂語(yǔ)形式是“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”(should可以省略，但不可換成would)。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。[即時(shí)演練3]補(bǔ)全句子①Thefactwasthat_he_didn't_really_try.事實(shí)是他沒(méi)有做真正的努力。②Thequestioniswhether_the_film_is_worth_seeing.問(wèn)題是這部電影是否值得看。③Nowit_seems_as_though/ifshehadknownMillieforyears.現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)她認(rèn)識(shí)米莉已有好多年了。④Myadviceisthatyou(should)_practise_speaking_Englishasoftenaspossible.我的建議是你盡可能經(jīng)常地練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。⑤That'swhere_I_first_met_her.那就是我第一次遇見(jiàn)她的地方。⑥Theproblemiswho_is_really_fit_for_the_hard_job.問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)才真正適合做這份艱苦的工作。Ⅰ.選用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空eq\x(that，why，whether，what，asif，whatever，who，because，when，how)1．Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingwaswhetheritwasworthtrying.2．Wethinkthatit'snecessarytotalkwithhimagain.3．Doyourememberwhen/how/whyhecamehere?4．Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butitisas_ifitwereonlyyesterday.5．I'mwonderingwhyyouarealwayslateforclass.6．Iamnotsurewhetherheiswillingtohelpme.7．MyparentsareverykindtomeandalwaysletmedowhatIthinkIshoulddo.8．ThetroubleisthatIlostthekeytomyroom.9．IfI'mabitsleepy,it'sbecauseIwasupallnight.10．Youmustdowhateverisbestforyou.Ⅱ.單句寫(xiě)作1．(2015·四川高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)Andyoualsoshouldkeepitinmindthat_comparing_notes_with_your_classmates_frequently_is_a_good_way_to_improve_your_study(和同學(xué)經(jīng)常交流筆記是提高學(xué)習(xí)的好方法)．2．(2015·重慶高考寫(xiě)作二標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)Alltheparticipantscangetwhat_they_want(他們想要的東西).3．(2015·浙江高考滿(mǎn)分作文)InsuchacaseIwillinsistonwhatever_I_think_is_right(我認(rèn)為正確的任何事情)．4．(2015·四川高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)Topracticeasmuchaspossibleiswhere_the_secret_lies(秘密所在).5．(2014·遼寧高考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范文)Youneedtohandinareport,explaininghow_the_idea_occurs_to_you(你怎樣想到的這個(gè)主意)andwhatmaterialsyouuse.6．(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ滿(mǎn)分作文)I'mwonderingwhether_you_would_like_to_spend_time_with_us(你是否愿意和我們度過(guò)這段時(shí)光)．7．(2014·上海高考滿(mǎn)分作文)IreadaboutyourreformoftheschoolEnglishnewspaper,andthat'swhy_I'm_writing