2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)試題（新高考專用）閱讀理解02推理判斷Word版含解析

閱讀理解解密01推理判斷（分層訓(xùn)練）分層練A分層練A1.【山東省濟(jì)寧鄒城市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】EveryApril,Ifindmyselftroubledbythesameconcern—thatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggray.OnMay3,Iawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofpressingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,bluesandgreen.Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlotinmyneighborhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.Thetree’sdarkbranchesstretchoutinunpruned(未經(jīng)修剪的)abandon.Untillastyear,IthoughtIwastheonlyoneawareofthistree.Andthenoneday,inabitofspringmadness,Isetouttoprune(修剪)afewdisorderlybranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighborsopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches(門廊).ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknew,butitwasasifIhadcomeuninvitedintotheirpersonalgardens.Mymobile-homeneighborwasthefirsttospeak.“You’renotgoingtocutitdown,areyou?”sheaskedanxiously.Soon,halftheneighborhoodjoinedmeundertheappletree.ItstruckmethatIhadlivedthereforfiveyearsandonlynowwaslearningthesepeople’snames,whattheydidforalivingandhowtheypassedthewinter.Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.Justtheotherday,Isawoneneighboratthelocalstore.Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandcomplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighborhood.Andthen,helookedatmeandsaid,“Weneedtoprunethatappletreeagain.”1．Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutthesuddenchangeoftheview?A．Frightened.B．Depressed.C．Surprised.D．Annoyed.2．Whydidtheneighborsopentheirwindowsandstepout?A．Theyintendedtogreettheauthor.B．Theyfeltastonishedtonoticeastranger.C．Theymeanttoprotecttheirpersonalgardens.D．Theywonderedwhatmighthappentothetree.3．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheappletreeintheneighborhood’?A．Itservedasabond.B．Itwasleftunattended.C．Itstayedinapoorcondition.D．Itprovedtobeunappealing.4．Whatdidtheneighborvaluemostaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Thearrivalofspring.B．Theneighborhoodgathering.C．Thepruningoftheappletree.D．Entertainmentinthelongwinter.【答案】1．C

2．D

3．A

4．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者居住在緬因州，這兒的冬天總是很長，作者和鄰居們總是盼著春天到來。作者修剪蘋果枝的行為，引來了很多的鄰居聚在一起的故事。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OnMay3,Iawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofpressingaswitch.(5月3日，當(dāng)我醒來時(shí)，我看到了一片令人驚嘆的綠色，仿佛春天只是按下一個(gè)開關(guān)。)”可知，作者對(duì)風(fēng)景的突然改變感到很驚訝。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighborsopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches(門廊).ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknew,butitwasasifIhadcomeuninvitedintotheirpersonalgardens.Mymobile-homeneighborwasthefirsttospeak.“You’renotgoingtocutitdown,areyou?”sheaskedanxiously.(我剛到樹下，鄰居們就打開窗戶，走出門廊。這些人我?guī)缀醪徽J(rèn)識(shí)，但就好像我不請(qǐng)自來地進(jìn)入了他們的私人花園。我的活動(dòng)房屋鄰居是第一個(gè)開口的?！澳悴粫?huì)把它砍倒吧?”她焦急地問。)”可知，鄰居們打開窗戶并走出來，是因?yàn)樗麄兿胫肋@棵樹會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthepurposeofbothacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.(就好像那棵老蘋果樹把我們聚集在它的樹枝下，目的是為了認(rèn)識(shí)我們，分享我們的驚奇。)”可推斷，那棵蘋果樹成為鄰居們之間是一種紐帶。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Heremarkedhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandcomplainedofnothavingseenorspokenatlengthtoanyoneinourneighborhood.(他說最近這個(gè)冬天特別漫長，抱怨說沒有長時(shí)間地和我們附近的任何人見面或說話。)”可推斷，鄰居最看重鄰里聚會(huì)。故選B。2.【四川省內(nèi)江市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期一診】“Youwillbeinmyheartforever.Withoutyou,thereareonlyemptinessanddesertinmylife...”ThisisalinefromaheartfeltpoemFengDuanwrotetohisfianceeChenLianfangin1955.Fengisnow94andChen90,andtheyhavebeenmarriedformorethanhalfacentury.Feng,anacademicattheChineseAcademyofSciences,maynotbeaprofessionalpoetbutfor64years,Fenghaswrittencountlesslovepoemstohiswife.Oneveryimportantanniversaryorfestival,FengwouldsendapoemtoChen.In1978,whenChen’scancersurgerysucceeded,Fengcreatedmorethantenpoemstocelebratehiswife’srecovery.Chenusedaredsuitcasetostoretheselovepoems.TheacademichasalsotranslatedmanyEnglish,FrenchandGermanpoemsintoclassicalChinese.Thecouplewasintroducedtoeachotherbyacommonfriendin1953andFengsenttwopapercopiesofpoemstoChenasagift.“AslongasIthinkofyou,abeamofsunshinelightsupmyheart,”Fengwrote.ChenrecalledthefirsttimeFenginvitedhertohisdormitorytohaveacupofteaandshethoughtthecupwasmadeoffrostedglass.Asthetwobecamecloser,Chenoftenvisitedtheacademic’sdorm.SherealizedthatthecupwastheonlyonepoorFengowned.Theopaque(不透明的)cupwasnotfrostedglassbutcommonglassstainedwithtoothpaste.LatersheboughtmanyclothesandevenastoveforFeng,makinganicechangefromthesinglemanslife.Feng’smarriagetoChenbroughtmorehappinessandnowChenstilllooksafterFeng’sdailyneeds.1．WhenFengfirstmetChen,hewas.A．32B．30C．28D．262．WhatchangedidChenbringtoFeng?A．ChenmadeagreatdifferencetoFeng’sdailylife.B．ChenchangedFeng’sacademiclifegreatly.C．ChenwrotealotofpoemstoFeng.D．ChenintroducedalotoffriendstoFeng.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．ChenandFenghappenedtomeeteachotheronthecampus.B．Fengwrotemanypoemsindifferentlanguages.C．ChencherishedthepoemsFengwrotetoher.D．Fenglikedhisopaquecupsomuch.4．Thewriterwrotethepassagetoshow.A．howafamouspoetwriteslovepoemstohiswifeB．howthelovepoemsjointwoheartstogetherC．howimportantlovepoemsareinthemarriageD．howthelovepoemsmakethecouplefamous【答案】1．B

2．A

3．C

4．B【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了兩位九旬老人的浪漫愛情故事。作為一名中科院學(xué)者，F(xiàn)eng卻給Chen寫了64年的愛情詩，給Chen帶來了幸福，而Chen也一直照料著他的日常生活。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Fengisnow94andChen90,andtheyhavebeenmarriedformorethanhalfacentury.Feng,anacademicattheChineseAcademyofSciences,maynotbeaprofessionalpoetbutfor64years,Fenghaswrittencountlesslovepoemstohiswife.(Feng今年94歲，Chen90歲，他們已經(jīng)結(jié)婚半個(gè)多世紀(jì)了。Feng是中國科學(xué)院的一名學(xué)者，他可能不是職業(yè)詩人，但64年來，F(xiàn)eng給妻子寫了無數(shù)首情詩。)”及第三段“Thecouplewasintroducedtoeachotherbyacommonfriendin1953andFengsenttwopapercopiesofpoemstoChenasagift.(1953年，F(xiàn)eng和Chen通過一個(gè)共同的朋友介紹認(rèn)識(shí)，F(xiàn)eng送給Chen兩本紙質(zhì)詩歌作為禮物。)”,可知Feng和Chen第一見面時(shí)，是94-64=30，應(yīng)該是30歲，故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“LatersheboughtmanyclothesandevenastoveforFeng,makinganicechangefromthesinglemanslife.Feng’smarriagetoChenbroughtmorehappinessandnowChenstilllooksafterFeng’sdailyneeds.(后來，她給Feng買了很多衣服，甚至給他買了一個(gè)爐子，這是一個(gè)很好的改變。Feng和Chen的婚姻給她帶來了更多的幸福，現(xiàn)在Chen仍然照顧Feng的日常需要。)”可知，Chen一直照顧Feng的日常生活，Chen對(duì)Feng的日常生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Chenusedaredsuitcasetostoretheselovepoems.(Chen用一個(gè)紅色行李箱來存放這些情詩。)”可知，Chen珍視Feng給她的情詩。故選C。4．推理判斷題。通篇理解，本文主要介紹了兩位九旬老人的浪漫愛情故事，而情詩是串聯(lián)其64年愛情的事物，作者寫這篇文章是為了展示情詩如何把兩顆心連在一起的，故選B。3.【陜西省寶雞教育聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)（四）】Whatdoyoudowithyourclothesthatyoudon’twanttowearanymore?Throughcutting,stitching(縫)andredesigning.BaxterSalzwedelhasfoundafashionablewaytobesustainnble(可持續(xù)的).InMarch,recyclingclothesearnedthe17-year-oldfromElkhartLake-GlenbeulahHighSchoolinWisconsin,US,afinalistspotintheYoungEntrepreneurscompetition.ThecompetitionwashostedbyJuniorAchievementofWisconsin,anon-profitorganization.Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.Inthebeginning.Salzwedeljustworkedwithclothesforfun.Helearnedhissewingskillsatayoungagefromhisgrandmother.Hethenstartedtotearuphisoldjeanstotryandcreatecoolnewdesigns.ThefunhobbyquicklyturnedintoabusinessforSalzwedelwhenhisfriendsandclassmatesstartedaskinghimtomakecustomizedclothingforthem.“SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabrics(布料)fromotherclothestocreatehispatchwork(拼接)designs,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.Talkingaboutthecompetition,Salzwedelsaid,“Itwasexcitingtodothatandmeetallsortsofyoungpeoplewithsimilarideas.”TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.Meanwhile,hewillcontinuedoinghisbusinessevenafterhegraduates.ForSalzwedel,TheMadPatcherisalifelongprojectworthworkingon.1．WhatinspiredSalzwedeltodobusiness?A．Hisinterestinfashiondesign.B．Thepopularityofhispants.C．Hisgrandmother’sencouragement.D．Thegrowingproblemoffashionwaste.2．WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutTheMadPatcher?A．Itaimstopromotesecond-handclothes.B．Itusesdonatedmaterialstoreducecosts.C．Itproducessustainablefashionproducts.D．Itcopiesdesignsfromwell-establishedbrands.3．WhatdoesSalzwedelplantodowiththescholarship?A．Growhisclothingbrand.B．Earnadegreeinfashion.C．Donateittoafashionschool.D．Cooperatewithlike-mindedpeople.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSalzwedel?A．Strongbutselfish.B．Braveanddetermined.C．Talentedbutnegative.D．Creativeandgenerous.【答案】1．B

2．C

3．B

4．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要報(bào)道了今年3月，一位來自美國威斯康辛州埃爾克哈特湖-格倫比拉高中的17歲學(xué)生憑借回收衣物入圍了青年企業(yè)家大賽的決賽。比賽由非營利組織“威斯康星青年成就”主辦。他的可持續(xù)服裝品牌TheMadPatcher贏得了1萬美元的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.”（薩爾茲韋德爾在接受希博伊根出版社采訪時(shí)表示：“有這么多人想要它們，所以我不打算免費(fèi)制作150條褲子，所以我不得不開始做生意?！保┛芍?，他的褲子很受歡迎促使薩爾茲韋德爾經(jīng)商的。故選B項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.”（他的可持續(xù)服裝品牌TheMadPatcher贏得了1萬美元的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。）以及第五段中“Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（他只使用捐贈(zèng)或回收的材料，以確保最大限度的可持續(xù)性。）可知，這篇文章告訴了我們關(guān)于TheMadPatcher，它生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)時(shí)尚產(chǎn)品。故選C項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.”（這位少年計(jì)劃用獎(jiǎng)金去紐約的時(shí)裝技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。該學(xué)院是世界上最著名的時(shí)裝學(xué)院之一。）可知，薩爾茲韋德爾打算用獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金去學(xué)習(xí)，獲得時(shí)尚專業(yè)的學(xué)位。故選B項(xiàng)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第五段“In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabricsfromotherclothestocreatehispatchworkdesigns,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（2021年，薩爾茲韋德爾創(chuàng)立了自己的服裝品牌。他使用其他衣服上色彩鮮艷、有圖案的面料來創(chuàng)作他的拼接設(shè)計(jì)，比如牛仔褲、襯衫和夾克。他只使用捐贈(zèng)或回收的材料，以確保最大限度的可持續(xù)性。）和第六段“Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.”（薩爾茲韋德爾通過賣衣服賺了數(shù)千美元，他把25%的利潤捐給了非營利組織。）故可推知，富有創(chuàng)造力和慷慨大方是最能描述薩爾茨維德爾的。故選D項(xiàng)。4.【江蘇省蘇州高新區(qū)第一中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三一?！縎targazerscanvisitfamousdark-skyparksintheworldandenjoyunpollutedviewsofnightskies.Let'stakeadeeperdiveintowhatyou'llseeatthedark-skyparks.JoshuaTreeNationalPark,CaliforniaJoshuaTreeNationalParkisapopularattractionforstargazerslivingonthewestcoast.DespitebeinginfluencedbylightpollutiononitswesternbordersfromCoachellaValleycities,itsrelativeisolationfrommajorcitiesintheeast(withPhoenixbeingtheclosestcityareasome300milesaway),providesitwithsomeofthedarkestskiesinCalifornia.ElquiValley,ChileApopularwineregioncenteredontheElquiRiverinnorthernChile,theElquiValleyalsooffersidealconditions(high-altitude,low-population,limitedcloudcover)foruncorkingabottleandtoastingtheheavensabove.Spanningsome90,000acres,theregionhasthedistinctionofbeingnamedthefirst-everDarkSkySanctuarybytheInternationalAstronomicalUnionin2015.It'salsohometonearlyadozenobservatories,boutiquestargazinghotelsandalargevarietyoftoursthatcoverbothcosmicanddaytimespectacles.WadiRum,JordanOneofJordan'smostvaluabletouristdestinations,WadiRumisanotherworldlymountaindesertfeaturingdramaticrockformationsandwind-sweptrust-coloreddunes.WadiRumisanincrediblelandscapetoo(usedforalotofsci-fimovieslikeRogueOne,PrometheusandTheMartian)andit'soneofthedarkplaceswhereyoucanjustsitandlookupatthewonderofthenightskywithverylittleinterruption.GreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreserve,AmericaIt'snosurprisethatGreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreservehasbeenbuildingareputationforgoodnightskyviewing.Thedryair,highelevation,andlackoflightpollutionallmaketheparkanidealdark-skydestination.TheSangredeCristoMountainsblockmuchoftheskyglowcomingfromnearbycities,shrouding(遮蔽，籠罩)thepark-withits149,164acresofdunes,wetlands,grasslands,forestsandalpinetundra-indarkness.1．WhatdoweknowaboutJoshuaTreeNationalPark?A．Itisrelativelyseparatedfrommajorcities.B．Itisthefirstdarkskyparkintheworld.C．Itisaffectedbynolightpollution.D．Itisnamedasthedarkestskyintheworld.2．WhathelpspreventGreatSandDunesfromlight?A．Thewetlands.B．Thesanddune.C．Theforests.D．Themountains.3．Whoaretheintendedreadersofthetext?A．Parkgoers.B．Spaceexplorers.C．Starobservers.D．Adventurouscampers.【答案】1．A2．D3．C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)適合觀星愛好者的景點(diǎn)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JoshuaTreeNationalPark,California部分第二句“DespitebeinginfluencedbylightpollutiononitswesternbordersfromCoachellaValleycities,itsrelativeisolationfrommajorcitiesintheeast(withPhoenixbeingtheclosestcityareasome300milesaway),providesitwithsomeofthedarkestskiesinCalifornia.”（盡管它的西部邊界受到科切拉山谷城市的光污染的影響，但它與東部主要城市的相對(duì)隔絕(鳳凰城是最近的城市地區(qū)，約300英里外)，使它擁有加州最黑暗的天空。）可知，JoshuaTreeNationalPark與主要城市相對(duì)隔離。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreatSandDunesNationalParkandPreserve,America部分第二段第一句“TheSangredeCristoMountainsblockmuchoftheskyglowcomingfromnearbycities,shrouding(遮蔽，籠罩)thepark-withits149,164acresofdunes,wetlands,grasslands,forestsandalpinetundra-indarkness.”（SangredeCristo山阻擋了來自附近城市的大部分天空輝光，將公園籠罩在黑暗中，公園里有149,164英畝的沙丘、濕地、草原、森林和高山苔原。）可知，群山讓GreatSandDunes免受陽光照射。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Stargazerscanvisitfamousdark-skyparksintheworldandenjoyunpollutedviewsofnightskies.Let'stakeadeeperdiveintowhatyou'llseeatthedark-skyparks.”（觀星者可以參觀世界上著名的暗天公園，欣賞未受污染的夜空美景。讓我們來深入了解一下在黑暗天空的公園里你會(huì)看到什么。）可知，這篇文章的目標(biāo)讀者是觀星愛好者。故選C。5.【“皖江名?！备呷龥Q戰(zhàn)高考最后一卷】Thestomachisanextremelystrongorgan,fullofacidtobreakdowneachmeal.Inordertopreventthisacidfromburningaholeinourstomachsanddamagingotherorgans,ourstomachliningisspeciallyadaptedtocontaintheacidsafely.H.pyloriareabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaareactuallyprettycommoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhavesymptoms.Thebacteriacaneventuallycreateinfectioninstomachlining,aconditionknownasgastritis(胃炎）,bywearingawaytheliningandallowingstomachacidtoburnawaystomachtissue,causingpainfululcers(潰瘍）。Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonitsown.Thisbeliefwasfirstquestionedin1979byRobinWarren,anAustralianpathologist,whofoundbacteriaonamicroscopeslidecontainingthestomachliningofapatientwithgastritis.IntheyearsthatfollowedWarrencontinuedhisresearch.WarrenthenteamedupwithBarryMarshallin1981andthetwocontinuedwiththeresearch,tryingtoseparatethemysterybacteriaandfindacure.Overthenextthreeyears,theytestedtheirtheorieswithsomepositiveresults,howevertheideathatbacteriacouldbethecauseofgastritiswasnotwidelyacceptedorevenacknowledged.Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.Marshallthenbegantocurehimselfbytakingadoseofantibiotics(抗生素）.Thisonceandforallprovednotonlythatbacteriacouldgrowinstomachacid,butitcouldalsocausegastritisandstomachulcers.Eventually,theworldfullyacknowledgedWarrenandMarshall'shugecontributiontoscienceandmedicineandthetwowereawardedtheNobelprizeinMedicinein2005.Twenty-sixyearsafterRobinWarrenfirstbeganhisresearch.1．WhydidtheacademicsinitiallyrefusetoacceptthatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A．Lifestylechoicescausedstomachulcers.B．Stomachacidcouldbreakthroughtheliningonitsown.C．Theythoughtthatbacteriacouldn'tsurviveinthestomach.D．TheAustralianpathologistRobinWarrenprovidednoevidence.2．HowdidBarryMarshallprovethatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A．Choosingunhealthylifestyles.B．IntroducingH.pyloritohisownstomach.C．Findingthebacteriaonstomachlining.D．GrowingH.pyloriinthelab.3．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Scientificprogresstakestime.B．Scienceguidesmedicalpractices.C．Warrenisnotaproductivescientist.D．OnlyMarshalldeservestheprize.4．Thetextismostlikelywrittento.A．ChemistsB．PatientsC．ResearchersD．Thegeneralpublic【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D【解析】1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.(直到20世紀(jì)80年代，人們一直認(rèn)為細(xì)菌在胃酸中無法生存。)可知，學(xué)者們最初拒絕接受幽門螺桿菌引起胃炎是因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為細(xì)菌在胃酸里無法生存。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.和下文內(nèi)容可知，受夠了被忽視和對(duì)他的發(fā)現(xiàn)充滿信心，巴里·馬歇爾決定親自進(jìn)行測(cè)試，他感染了幽門螺桿菌，很快就發(fā)展成胃炎和可怕的胃潰瘍。因此可知，巴里·馬歇爾讓幽門螺桿菌進(jìn)入了自己的胃，最后患了胃炎和胃潰瘍，來證明幽門螺桿菌引起胃炎。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，最終，世界完全承認(rèn)沃倫和馬歇爾對(duì)科學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)的巨大貢獻(xiàn)，兩人于2005年被授予諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。羅賓首次開始他的研究后26年。因此推斷科學(xué)發(fā)展需要時(shí)間。故選A。4．推理判斷題。文章介紹了兩位科學(xué)家對(duì)幽門螺旋桿菌的研究歷程以及結(jié)論,是一篇科普文章。科普文章的受眾是thegeneralpublic(普通大眾)，故選D。分層練B分層練B1.【江蘇省南通市如皋市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研（三）】Getstuckintochemistrywiththesefascinatingguides.AnElementaryGuidetothePeriodicTablebyGillArbuthnott(BloomsburyChildren’sBooks)Therearelotsoffunnystories,fascinatingfactsandinterestingexplanationspackedintothisbook,whichaimstoprovideagoodintroductiontotheperiodictable.Aswellasplentyofinformation,therearelotsofeye-catchingdiagramsandillustrations.ExploringtheElementsbyIsabelThomas.IllustratedbySaraGillingham(PhaidonPress)Thisbeautifullydesignedbookprovidesanintroductoryguidetothechemicalelements—wheretheyarefound,theirpropertiesandtheremarkablewayswe’velearnedtousethem.Smartandstylish,thebookevencomeswithanillustratedperiodictable.TheElementsintheRoombyMikeBarfield.IllustratedbyLaurenHumphrey(LaurenceKing)Asthecandidateforlotsofawards,thisentertainingbookinvitesyoutojoindetectiveSherlockOhmsashetriestosolvethemysteryofhowabsolutelyeverythingcametoexist.Thisisafunwaytolearnaboutthebasicsofchemicalelements,fromaluminumtozinc.ThePeriodicTableBookbyDarlingKindersley,LtdIfyouarejuststartingyourchemistrylearning,looknofurtherthanthiscomprehensivevisualencyclopedia,whichispackedwithstunningphotographs.Itcoversallthebasicsofchemistry,withinformationaboutthedifferentelements,andyou’llalsolearnaboutsomeofthefamousscientistswhodiscoveredthem.1．Whichbookcanexplaintheapplicationoftheelements?A．AnElementaryGuidetothePeriodicTableB．ExploringtheElementsC．TheElementsintheRoomD．ThePeriodicTableBook2．HowisMikeBarfield’sbookdifferentfromtheotherbooks?A．Itcontainsanillustratedperiodictable.B．Itincludesinterestingstoriesandfacts.C．Itintroducessomeofthefamouschemists.D．Ithasthepotentialforwinningprizes.3．Whoarethefourbooksespeciallyintendedfor?A．Chemistryresearchers.B．Chemistrymajors.C．Chemistrybeginners.D．Chemistryteachers.【答案】1．B2．D3．C【文章大意】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了四本關(guān)于化學(xué)的書。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二本書ExploringtheElements的介紹中“Thisbeautifullydesignedbookprovidesanintroductoryguidetothechemicalelements—wheretheyarefound,theirpropertiesandtheremarkablewayswe’velearnedtousethem.(這本設(shè)計(jì)精美的書提供了化學(xué)元素的介紹性指南——它們?cè)谀睦锉话l(fā)現(xiàn)，它們的特性和我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)的使用它們的值得注意的方法)”可知，ExploringtheElements這本書可以解釋化學(xué)元素的應(yīng)用。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三本書TheElementsintheRoom的介紹中“Asthecandidateforlotsofawards,thisentertainingbookinvitesyoutojoindetectiveSherlockOhmsashetriestosolvethemysteryofhowabsolutelyeverythingcametoexist.(作為眾多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的候選，這本有趣的書邀請(qǐng)你加入偵探SherlockOhms，因?yàn)樗噲D解決絕對(duì)的一切是如何存在的謎)”可知，MikeBarfield的書與眾不同之處在于它有可能獲獎(jiǎng)。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“Getstuckintochemistrywiththesefascinatingguides.(跟著這些有吸引力的指南進(jìn)入化學(xué))”可知，四本書是為化學(xué)的初學(xué)者而寫的。故選C。2.【江蘇省新高考基地學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三12月第三次大聯(lián)考】CarpenteristheleadauthorofapaperinNatureReviewsPsychologythatexaminedmorethan100yearsofresearchonlearning.“Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpracticehavebeenconfirmedoverandoverinstudiesinlabs,classrooms,workplaces,butthereasonwhywe’representingthisresearchisthatthesetwotechniqueshaven’tfullycaughton.Iftheywereemployedallthetime,we’dseebigincreasesinlearning,”saidCarpenter.Inthepaper,Carpenterandherco-authorsdescribespacingasastrategytolearninsmallamountsovertime.It’stheoppositeofcramming(塞滿)thenightbeforeanexam.Inonestudy,medicalstudentswhoreceivedrepeatedsurgerytrainingoverthreeweeksperformedbetterandfasterontests2weeksand1yearlatercomparedtomedicalstudentswhohadthesametrainingallononeday.Carpentersaysthereisn’tauniversalruleabouthowmuchtimetoschedulebetweenpracticesessions.Butresearchshowsreturningtothematerialafterforgettingsome—butnotall—ofthecontentiseffective.Retrievalpracticeisastrategythatinvolvesrecallingwhatwaslearnedpreviously.Itcantakemanyforms,includingflashcards,practicetestsandopen-endedwritingprompts,andhelpslearnersrecognizewhattheydoanddon’tknow.Thepaper’sauthorsemphasizethatpeoplewhochecktheirresponsesforerrorsorgetfeedbackrightawaylearnevenbetter.Morethan200studiesshowpeoplegenerallymaintainmoreinformationforlongerperiodsoftimewithretrievalpracticecomparedtostrategiesthatdonotinvolveretrieval(e.g.,re-readingatextbook.)Theauthorsarguepeoplewhocombinespacingandretrievalpracticehavethebestchanceofrememberinginformation.“Forgettingisaverynaturalthing;youcan’tstopforgettingevenifyoutry,butyoucanslowdownforgettingbyusingretrievalpracticeandspacing,”saidCarpenter.Carpentersayssheusesdigitaltools(e.g.,onlinepracticequizzes,clickerquestions)toincorporateretrievalpracticeandspacingintoheruniversitycourses,butthereareotherwaystobringthesestrategiesintotheclassroom.1．Whydotheauthorandhisgrouppresentthisresearch?A．Becausepeopledon’tacceptthetwotechniques.B．Becausethetwotechniqueshaven’tpopularized.C．Becausepeoplehavemuchdifficultyinlearning.D．Becausethetwotechniquesaretakinglittleeffect.2．HowdoesCarpenterprovespacingissuperiortocramming?A．Bystudyingsomecases.B．Byreceivingsometraining.C．Byapplyingsomerules.D．Byschedulingsometime.3．Whatcanretrievalpracticehelppeopletoget?A．Selfassessment.B．Widerecognition.C．Positiveresponse.D．Generalstrategies.4．WhatmightCarpentertalkaboutinthefollowingparagraphs?A．Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpractice.B．Potentialwaysusedtoslowdownforgetting.C．Argumentsaboutwhattodotostopforgetting.D．Otheruniversitycoursesworthremembering.【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．B【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種有效延緩遺忘的方法——喚醒練習(xí)。同時(shí)，將間隔練習(xí)和喚醒練習(xí)結(jié)合使用能夠延緩遺忘。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thebenefitsofspacingandretrievalpracticehavebeenconfirmedoverandoverinstudiesinlabs,classrooms,workplaces,butthereasonwhywe’representingthisresearchisthatthesetwotechniqueshaven’tfullycaughton.(間隔練習(xí)和喚醒練習(xí)的好處已經(jīng)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室、教室和工作場(chǎng)所的研究中得到了一次又一次的證實(shí)，但我們提出這項(xiàng)研究的原因是這兩種技術(shù)還沒有完全流行起來。)”可知，作者和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)之所以提出這項(xiàng)研究是因?yàn)檫@兩種技術(shù)還沒有普及。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inonestudy,medicalstudentswhoreceivedrepeatedsurgerytrainingoverthreeweeksperformedbetterandfasterontests2weeksand1yearlatercomparedtomedicalstudentswhohadthesametrainingallononeday.(在一項(xiàng)研究中，與在一天內(nèi)接受相同訓(xùn)練的醫(yī)學(xué)生相比，接受為期三周的反復(fù)手術(shù)訓(xùn)練的醫(yī)學(xué)生在兩周和一年后的測(cè)試中表現(xiàn)得更好更快。)”可知，Carpenter通過對(duì)一些案例的研究，來證明間隔法優(yōu)于填鴨式的方法。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Itcantakemanyforms,includingflashcards,practicetestsandopen-endedwritingprompts,andhelpslearnersrecognizewhattheydoanddon’tknow.Thepaper’sauthorsemphasizethatpeoplewhochecktheirresponsesforerrorsorgetfeedbackrightawaylearnevenbetter.(它可以采取多種形式，包括閃存卡、練習(xí)測(cè)試和開放式寫作提示，幫助學(xué)習(xí)者認(rèn)識(shí)到他們知道什么和不知道什么。該論文的作者強(qiáng)調(diào)，那些檢查自己回答錯(cuò)誤或立即得到反饋的人學(xué)得更好。)”可知，使用喚醒練習(xí)的方法能夠讓人對(duì)信息的學(xué)習(xí)更好，掌握的更好，由此推斷，該方法能夠促進(jìn)人自身的提升，即形成良好的自我評(píng)估。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中““Forgettingisaverynaturalthing;youcan’tstopforgettingevenifyoutry,butyoucanslowdownforgettingbyusingretrievalpracticeandspacing,”saidCarpenter.(“遺忘是很自然的事情；即使你嘗試，你也無法停止遺忘，但你可以通過檢索練習(xí)和間隔來減慢遺忘的速度，”Carpenter說。)”以及最后一段中“butthereareotherwaystobringthesestrategiesintotheclassroom.(但還有其他方法可以將這些策略引入課堂。)”可知，遺忘是自然的事情，人類可以通過采用各種方法來減慢遺忘的速度,Carpenter也在課堂中使用了一些方法延緩遺忘。由此可以推斷在下文中Carpenter將講述她采用的其他的有效的方法來延緩遺忘。故選B。3.【江蘇省南通市如皋市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研（三）】ScientistsresearchingclimatechangeinAntarcticaarestudyingpenguinsinanefforttobetterunderstandthearea’senvironmentalhealth.ThescientistsaremeasuringthegrowthanddevelopmentofthepenguinpopulationontheeasternsideoftheAntarcticPeninsula.“Wearecountingpenguinneststounderstandhowmanypenguinsareinacolony,producingyoungeveryyear,andwhetherthatnumberisgoingupordownwiththeenvironmentalconditions,”saidAlexBorowicz.HeisanecologyresearcheratNewYork’sStonyBrookUniversity.Theworkisnoteasyforclimateresearchersintheicy,farawayreachesofAntarctica.Butpenguinsareeasiertofollowthansomeotherkindsofanimalsbecausetheynestonland.Theirblackbodiesandwastedroppingscanalsobeidentifiedagainstthearea’swhitebackground.MichaelW