專業(yè)課課件編譯原理匯編語言3note

2014/PartIII:Principlesof坤2

20142014/Chap. Chaokun2014/2014/Course4

Computer&20142014/5

Cloud1

2014/2014/

PigPigLatinisadataflowlanguageratherthanproceduralordeclarative.Usercodeandexistingbinariescanbeincludedalmostanywhere.Metadatanotrequired,usedwhenSupportfornestedOperatesonfilesin6Javacard 2014/OffCardVM 8 2014/4303程序開發(fā)工具的??9 2014/cl/E/E預處理到/Pcl/FAs/FAscl/c/ccl

libraryfile,Whatis2014/2014/Compilationistheprocesswherebyonecomputerlanguageistranslatedintoanother(usuallysimplerandmorelow-leveli.e.machineorientated)languageTraditionally,programsinahigh-levelcomputerlanguage(e.g.Pascal,C,Objective-C,Lisp)arecompiledintoassemblylanguage(essentiallymachinecode)Theprogramthatdoesthetranslationisknownas2014/2014/Simplystated,acompilerisaprogramthatreadsaprogramwritteninonelanguage—thesourcelanguage—andtranslateitintoanequivalentprograminanotherlanguage—thetargetlanguage.Asanimportantpartofthistranslationprocess,thecompilerreportstoitsuserthepresenceoferrorsinthesourcepilersource compilerprogram

targetprogramerrormessage2014/2014/Preprocessorsproduceinputtocompilers.mayperformthefollowingMacroFile“Rational”Language2014/2014/SomecompilersproduceassemblycodethatpassedtoanassemblerforfurtherOthercompilersperformthejoboftheassembler,producingrelocatablemachinecodethatcanbepasseddirectlytotheloader/link-editor.TherelationshipbetweenassemblyandAssemblycodeismnemonicversionofmachinenamesareusedinsteadofbinarycodesfornamesarealsogiventomemoryLoadersandLink-2014/2014/Usually,aprogramcalledaloaderperformsthefunctionsofloadingandlink-Thelinkerresolvesexternalmemoryaddresses,wherethecodeinonefilemayrefertoalocationinanotherfile.TheloaderthenputstogetheralloftheobjectfilesintomemoryforWhyis 2014/WhyLearnit puterOS DBS(sql,WEB(wsdl,SEProgrammer(javac,ScientistWhyresearchPOPLcc, WhyStudy2014/2014/theorymeetsEssentialsoftwareInfluenceshardwareTools(mostly“optimization”)forenhancingsoftwarereliabilityandsecuritymemoryPig…Textbooksforthis 2014/AlfredV.Aho,MonicaS.Lam,RaviSethi,JeffreyD.UllmanAddison-Wesley,2006(77,AlfredV.Aho,MonicaS.Lam,RaviJeffreyD.機械工 ,ISBN 2014/4303AdvancedCompilerDesignandStevenMorganKaufmanPublishers,ISBN1-55860-320-TheDefinitiveANTLRThePragmaticProgrammers,ISBN-10: LexandYacc(2ndJohnRLevine,TonyMason,DougBrownO'Reilly&Associates,October1992ISBN:1-56592-0007… Course 2014/Checking10Programmingproject Finalexamclosed-bookandclosed-Programming2014/2014/Fortran,objective-orientedprogrammingfunctionalprogrammingLisp,logicalprogrammingotherHowarelanguages 2014/Variousstrategiesdependonhowmuchpre-processingisdonebeforeaprogramcanberun,andhowCPU-specifictheprogramis.Interpretersrunaprogram“asis”withlittleornopre-processing,butnochangesneedtobemadetorunonadifferent Compilerstaketimetodoextensivepre-processing,butwillrunaprogramgenerally2-to20-times 2014/Somenewerlanguagesuseacombinationofcompilerandinterpretertogetmanyofthebenefitsofeach.ExamplesareJavaand ’s.NET,whichcompileintoavirtualassemblylanguage(whilebeingoptimized),whichcanthenbeinterpretedonanycomputer.Otherlanguages(suchasBasicorLisp)havebothcompilersandinterpreterswrittenforthem.Recently,“Just-in-Time”compilers morecommon-compilecodeonlywhenitsBuddiesof 2014/高級語言之間的轉換工具由于計算機硬件的不斷更新?lián)Q效率提供了良好條件，然而一些已有的非常成軟件如比如：schemetoc的翻譯器COBOL到JavaCompilationand2014/2014/有些語言基本通過解釋程序:有些環(huán)境同時提供編譯程序和解釋系統(tǒng)CompilerandSourceprogram：…b:= a:=b+2 …

20142014/IntIntStbLdbaddSt（直接對源程序中的語句進行分析，執(zhí)行其隱含的操作。2014/2014/代碼程序,這個二進制代碼程序在機器上運行以生成行的程序,然后這個程序便會以機器的速度運行 2014/行并且生成結果,它特別適合程序員交互方式的著名的解釋程序有Basic,Lisp語言解釋程序,UNIX命令語言解釋程序(s),數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢語言SQL解釋程序以及bytecode解釋程序.2014/2014/ 與編譯程序的不

Historyofcompiler2014/2014/1953IBMdevelopsthe701EDPM(ElectronicDataProcessingMachine),thefirstgeneralpurposecomputer,builtasa“defensecalculator”intheKoreanWarNohigh-levellanguageswereavailable,soalldoneinassemblyHistoryofcompilers 2014/Asexpensiveastheseearlycomputerswere,mostofthemoneycompaniesspentwasforsoftwaredevelopment,duetothecomplexitiesofassembly.In1953,JohnBackuscameupwiththeideaof“speedcoding”,anddevelopedthefirstinterpreter.Unfortunay,thiswas10-20timesslowerthanprogramswritteninassembly.Hewassurehecoulddo

JohnHistoryofcompilers2014/2014/In1954,Backusandhisteamreleasedaresearchpapertitled“PreliminaryReport,SpecificationsfortheIBMMathematicalFORmulaTRANslatingSystem,TheinitialreleaseofFORTRANIwasin1956,totaling25,000linesofassemblycode.Compiledprogramsranalmostasfastashandwrittenassembly!Projectsthathadtakentwoweekstowritenowtookonly2hours.By1958morethanhalfofallsoftwarewaswritteninFORTRAN.Howtomakea2014/2014/TheA-S 2014/ ysis-SynthesisModelofbreaksupthesourceprogramintoconstituentcreatesanintermediaterepresentationofthesourceconstructsthedesiredtargetprogramfromtherequiresthemostspecialized Data→SymbolSyntax2014/2014/Operations→AhierarchicaltheoperationsimpliedbythesourceprogramtheoperationsareSyntaxaspecialkindofstorestheoperationsimpliedbythesourceeachnoderepresentsanthechildrenofanoderepresenttheargumentsofAsyntaxtreetheassignmentstatementposition:=initial+rate

+ 2014/2014/Anessentialfunctionofaistorecordtheidentifiersusedinthesourcecollectinformationaboutvariousattributesofidentifier.Theseattributesmayprovideinformationthestorageallocatedforanitsitsscope作用域whereintheprogramitisinthecaseofprocedurenames,suchthingsasthenumberandtypesofitsarguments,themethodofpassingeachargument(e.g.,byreference),andthetypereturned,ifany.2014/2014/Asymboltable(符號表isadatacontainingarecordforeachwithfieldsfortheattributesoftheThedatastructureallowstofindtherecordforeachidentifierquicklytostoreorretrievedatafromthatrecord 2014/Whenanidentifierinthesourceprogramisbythe theidentifierisenteredintothesymbolHowever,theattributesofanidentifiercannotnormallybedeterminedduringlexical Forexample,inaPascaldeclarationvarposition,initial,rate:realthetyperealisnotknownwhenposition,initial,rateareseenbythe ErrorDetectionand 2014/EachphasecanencounterHowever,afterdetectinganaphasemustsomehowdealwiththatsothatcompilationcanallowingfurthererrorsinthesourceprogramtobeAcompilerthatstopswhenitfindsthefirsterrorisnothelpfulasitcouldThesyntaxandsemantic ysisphasesusuallyhandlealargefractionoftheerrorsdetectablebytheThelexicalphasecandetecterrorswherethecharactersremainingintheinputdonotformanytokenofthelanguage. 2014/Errorswherethetokenstreamviolatesthestructurerules(syntax)ofthelanguagearedeterminedbythesyntaxysisphase.Duringsemanticysisthetriestodetectconstructsthathavetherightsyntacticstructurebutnomeaningtobeoperationinvolved,e.g.,ifwetrytoaddtwoidentifiers,oneofwhichisnameofanarray,andtheotherthenameofa 2014/Manymanyprogramminglanguages(eg,FORTRAN,C++,manyprogrammingparadigms(eg,object-manycomputerarchitectures(eg,MIPS,SPARC, ,manyoperatingsystems(eg,Linux,Solaris, 2014/Supposeyouwanttowritecompilersfrommsourcelanguagestoncomputer tforms.Ana?vesolutionrequiresn*mprograms:butwecandoitwithn+m

IR:IntermediateFE:Front-BE:Back- ThePhases 2014/tokensyntaxcodeoptimizercodeoptimizercodecodecodecodeFrontandBack 2014/Often,thephasesarecollectedintoafrontendandabackend.Thefrontendconsistsofthosephasesorpartsofphases,thatdependprimarilyonthesourcelanguageandarelar