初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

UnitTwo

1.usesthtodo

2.usedtodosth

3.beusedtodoingsth

4.beafraidofdoingsth

5.takeanactiveinsth

6.beinterestedinsth

7.onateam

8.beon

9.inthelast/pastfewyears

10.Youaresureastudent.

11.gotosleepwiththelighton

12.gotosleepwithone'seyeson

13.gotosleepwiththedooropen

14.beterrifiedof

15.beafraidof

16.beafraidtodosth

17.beafraidthat

18.dailyEnglish

19.everydayEnglish

20.dailylife

21.stayathomealone

22.dosthbyoneself

23.dosthalone

24.feellonely

25.alonelyisland

26.workon

27.workitout

28.workouttheproblem

29.howtodealwiththeproblem

30.whattodowiththeproblem

31.bebusydoingsth

32.bebusywith

33.beonbusiness

34.somuch

35.toomuch

36.muchtoo

37.toomany

38.so..that..

39.such..that...

40.spend..onsth

41.spend...(in)doingsth

42.chatwithsb

43.takesbtoconcerts

44.havetimeforconcerts

45.havetimetogotoconcerts

46.not..anymore

47.not..anylonger

48.no..longer

49.causetrouble

50.causealotoftrouble

51.causesbtodosth

52.getintotroublewithsth

53.adyingstudent

54.adeadstudent

55.bepatientwithsb

56.betheprideofsb

57.takepridein

58.beproudof

59.payattentionto...

60.affordtodo..

61.can'taffordtobuysth

62.anumberof

63.thenumberof

64.giveup

65.giveupdoingsth

66.giveitup

67.intheend

68.atlast=finally

69.attheendoftheroad

70.attheendoflastmonth

71.bytheendof

72.bytheendoflastyear

73.wastetime

74.besurprisedtodosth

75.besurprisedatsth

76.toone'surprise

77.benolongerwithsb=notbewithsbanylonger

78.feelgoodaboutoneself

1.makeflashcards

2.makeavocabularylist

3.readthetestbook

4.thebestwaytolearnEnglish

5.learnEnglishbydoingsth

6.readaloud/loudly

7.listeningskills

8.aspecificsuggestion

9.learnEnglishgrammar

10.haveabadmemory

11.feeldifferent

12.dosthdifferently

13.asksbaboutsth

14.helpalittle

15.getexcitedaboutsth

16.endupdoingsth

17.endupwith

18.waysofdoingsth

19.suggestdoingsth

20.makemistakesingrammar

21.makethesamemistake

22.beimpressedby

23.spoken/oralEnglish

24.makemistakeinspelling

25.fullstop

26.getsthright

27.getreadyfor

28.getlotsofpractice

29.getmuchwritingpractice

30.writesthinnotebook

31.practicedoingsth

32.havetrouble(in)doingsth

33.makeasentence

34.inoral

35.firstofall

36.beginwith

37.atthebeginningof

38.lateron

39.adevelopedcountry

40.adevelopingcountry

41.writedown

42.copydown

43.saysthinEnglish

44.dealwith

45.dowith

46.aneasypersontogetonwith

47.suchaperson

48.suchastudent

49.soclever

50.sosmall

51.suchacleverstudent

52.socleverastudent

53.forgetdoingsth

54.forgettodosth

55.remembertosth

56.rememberdoingsth

57.learntoforget

58.befair

59.sharewith

60.seesbdoing

61.lastfor

62.havedisagreements

63.regardsthas

64.complainaboutsth

65.complaintosbaboutsth

66.bestrictwithsb

67.bestrictwithsbinsth

68.change….into

69.takeplace

70.It'sone'sdutytodosth

71.try/doone'sbesttodo

72.withthehelpofsb

73.withone'shelp

74.withoutthehelpofsb

75.withoutone'shelp

76.thinkof

77.thinkabout

78.thinkover

79.thinkitover

80.compare??,with

81.compare,??to

82.succeedindoingsth

83.insteadofdoingsth

84.breakout

85.breaksthopen

86.makesthopen

87.becauseof

88.putoff

Uint2

1.usesthtodo

2.usedtodosth

3.beusedtodoingsth

4.beafraidofdoingsth

5.takeanactiveinsth

6.beinterestedinsth

7.onateam

8.beon

9.inthelast/pastfewyears

10.Youaresureastudent.

11.gotosleepwiththelighton

12.gotosleepwithone'seyeson

13.gotosleepwiththedooropen

14.beterrifiedof

15.beafraidof

16.beafraidtodosth

17.beafraidthat

18.dailyEnglish

19.everydayEnglish

20.dailylife

21.stayathomealone

22.dosthbyoneself

23.dosthalone

24.feellonely

25.alonelyisland

26.workon

27.workitout

28.workouttheproblem

29.howtodealwiththeproblem

30.whattodowiththeproblem

31.bebusydoingsth

32.bebusywith

33.beonbusiness

34.somuch

35.toomuch

36.muchtoo

37.toomany

38.so??,that

39.such???that…

40.spend…onsth

41.spend…（in）doingsth

42.chatwithsb

43.takesbtoconcerts

44.havetimeforconcerts

45.havetimetogotoconcerts

46.not???anymore

47.not..anylonger

48.no..longer

49.causetrouble

50.causealotoftrouble

51.causesbtodosth

52.getintotroublewithsth

53.adyingstudent

54.adeadstudent

55.bepatientwithsb

56.betheprideofsb

57.takepridein

58.beproudof

59.payattentionto

60.affordtodo..

61.can'taffordtobuysth

62.anumberof

63.thenumberof

64.giveup

65.giveupdoingsth

66.giveitup

67.intheend

68.atlast=finally

69.attheendoftheroad

70.attheendoflastmonth

71.bytheendof

72.bytheendoflastyear

73.wastetime

74.besurprisedtodosth

75.besurprisedatsth

76.toone'surprise

77.benolongerwithsb=notbewithsbanylonger

78.feelgoodaboutoneself

UnitThree

1.allowsbtodo

2.allowsbnottodo

3.beallowedtodo

4.benotallowedtodo

5.allowdoing

6.adriver'slicence

7.get/haveone,searpierced

8.beseriousabout

9.cutone,shair

10.haveone'shaircut

11.havesthdone

12.Itseemsthat

13.seemtodo

14.needtodo

15.needdoing

16.attheageof

17.onschoolnights

18.stay/keephealthy=beingoodhealthy

19.stayup

20.stayupdoing

21.stayuplate

22.stayuptill…

23.behome

24.gethome

25.stayathome

26.Heisastudent.Soheis.Soishe.

27.cleanup

28.haveatest

29.failinthetest=notpassthetest

30.failtodosth

31.bepresent

32.theotherday=afewdaysago

33.wearuniforms

34.designuniforms

35.begoodfor

36.bebadfor

37.begoodat

38.begoodtosb

39.both***and.

40.neither***nor

41.keepsbhappy

42.keepsbdoing….

43.volunteertodosth

44.havetwodaysoff

45.havetwodaysofftodosth

46.finishdoingsth

47.lookgoodonsb

48.taketimetodosth

49.aweekvacation

50.twoweeks'vacation

51.2-weekvacation

52.replytotheletter

53.intheway

54.getintheway

55.achieveone'sdream

56.careabout=worryabout

57.beagainststh/doingsth

58.havenothingtodowithsb

59.attheendof

60.befordoingsth

61.agreewithsb/whatsbsaid

62.makedecisionsforsb/oneself

63.makeupone'smindtodo=makeadecisiontodo

64.theimportanceoflearningEnglish

65.beseriousaboutsth

66.have/makesbdosth

67.agreetoaplan/asuggestion

68.millionsof

69.have/takesomemedicine

70.searchspforsb/sth

71.introducesbtosb

72.whatelse/whatotherthings

73.beconfidentofsth

74.haveconfidenceinsth

75.beconfidentthat..

76.be/getnervousdoingsth

77.hardlyever

78.permitdoingsth

79.permitsbtodosth

80.dosthwithoutone'spermission

81.getone,spermission

82.introduceoneself

83.giveaspeech

84.haveaspeech

85.not…intheslightest/atall/abit

86.beannoyedwithsb/atsth

87.getalong/onwellwithsb

88.woulddoratherthando

89.wouldratherdothando

90.allday=thewholeday

91.allthe+n(s)

92.infact

93.let***down

94.letsbdown

95.thinkof=comeupwith

96.comeupwithsb=catchupwithsb

97.thesolutiontotheproblem

98.thekey/answertothequestion

99.therestof…

100.thecorrectanswers

101.beknownfor

102.beknownas

103.beknowntosb

104.knowof=knowabout

105.byaccident=bychance

106.differentexperiences

107.haveexperience(in)doingsth

108.twopiecesofadvice

109.adviceon/aboutst

110.advicesbtodosth

111.advicedoingsth

112.coversthwith…

113.becoveredwith

114.falldown

stairs

115.bepainful

116.refusetodo

117.hurrytodo

118.dosthinahurry/hurrily

119.offersbsth/offersthtosb

120.providesbwithsth

121.offertodosth

122.hidesthfromsb

123.hidemedicinefromchildren

124.takesbtothesafety,

125.beindanger

126.bedangerous

127.goalone=gobyoneself

128.asksbforadvice

129.prefer***,to

130.prefertodoratherthando

九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)

UnitFive

1.mustbe

2.can,tbe

3.belongtosb

4.beanxiousabout

5.makeup

6.haveanappointmentwithsb

7.atone'sappointment

8.Ihavenoidea=1don,tknow

9.haveanyidea=know

10.chasesb=runaftersb

11.inthesky

12.sthinthesky

13.astrangecreature

14.studyhardor….

15.studyhardand….

16.escapefromsp

17.escapeoutofsp

18.thedirectorofalocalzoo

19.intheneighborhood

20.makeanoise

21.becarefulofsth/todosth

UnitSix

1.prretendtodo

2.pretendtobedongsth

3.pretendtohavedonesth

4.prefersbtodosth

5.writelyrics

6.remindsbofsth

7.remindsbtodosth

8.ontime

9.beonshow二beondisplay

10.interestsb

11.suggestdoing

12.have/take/showaninterestin

13.missdoing

14.thelatestnews

15.overtheyears

16.besureof

17.besuretodo..

18.lookforentertainment

19.succeedindoing…dosthsuccessfully

20.makesbhappy=makesbbehappy

21.can'tstanddoing

22.haveanEnglishcourse

23.haveatwo-monthEnglishcourse

24.tobehonest=totellthetruth

25.expecttodosth

26.expectsbtodo

27.suitsbfine

28.fitsbwell

29.beinagreement

30.beindisagreement

31.havedisagreements

32.stay/keepawayfromsb

33.increaseto..

34.increaseby

35.gettogethertodo..

36.befriedinoil

37.lookafter=takecareof

38.onthediet

39.beshockedby/at

40.thecapitalof

41.no=not….a…/=not??,any..

42.gotochurch

43.gotothechurch

Unit7

1.It'sbesttodosth

2.o

3.considerdoing--*=thinkabout

4.considersbas…二regardsbas..

5.setoff

6.providesthforsb=providesbwithsth

7.reportsthtosb

8.minddoing

9.savemoney

10.makemoney

11.saveone'slife

12.livea---life

13.hopetodo..

14.continuedoing

15.continuetodo…

16.dosthassoonaspossible/sbcan

17.dreamof/about…

18.holdontodoing

19.dreamofdoingsth

20.acrosschina=alloverchina

21.receivealetterfrom..=getaletterfrom..

22.accordingto

23.some….others.

24.one…theother---

25.some…theother…

26.workas

27.workfor

28.besimilarto

Unit8

1.dieofhunger

2.volunteerone'stimetodo???

3.cleanup

4.handin

5.handout

6.giveout

7.puton

8.putaway

9.putoff

10.try..on

11.seranexample

12.setup

13.setout/off

14.putout

15.takeiteasy

16.takeaway

17.takeoff

18.takecare=lookout

19.putsthtogooduse

20.notonly..butalso

21.gettodo..

22.gettosp=reachsp=arriveat/in

23.runoutof

24.takeoutof

25.takeback

26.takeafter

27.looklike

28.belike

29.fixup

30.adisabledperson

31.akind-heardperson

32.havesthtodowith

33.havenothtodowith

34.There'snothingleft.

35.fillsthwith

36.befilledwith

37.befullof

38.wouldliketodo..二wanttodo…

39.makeitpossibleforsbtodo

40.fillone,slifewithpleasure

41.sendfor

42.sendup

43.sendsboff=seesboff

44.helpsbout

45.sendsbsth=sendsthtosb

46.usestheasily/correctly/freely

47.meetsbat..

48.donate=giveaway

49.beusedfor

50.supportsbinsth

51.trainsbtodo

52.immediately:atonce=rightnow/away

Unit9

1.operateonsb=haveanoperationon

2.operateamachine

3.heatsth

4.microwaveoven

5.alarmclock

6.makesb/sth+adj

7.makeamistake/mistakes

8.bymistake

9.mistakeAforB

10.beinagood/badmood

11.Whatdoyoumean?

12.Whatisthemeaningof,?,?

13.inanearbyvillage

14.benearto

15.noticesbdosth/doingsth

16.fallinto

17.falloff..

18.fallasleep

19.fallbehind

20.bepleasedwith

21.It'smypleasure.=Withpleasure

22.inthisway

23.thisway

24.intheend

25.bytheway

26.intheway

27.asafeplace=aplaceofsafety

28.thesafetyofsb

29.knockat

30.knockintosb

31.knockdownsb

32.o

33.theaimof

34.alarge/smallnumberof???

35.thenumberof

Unit10

1.bythetime=when

2.getuplate=oversleep

3.takeashower=haveabath

4.leavesthin/on/at???

5.makeagooduseof

6.getdressed

7.runallthewaytoschool

8.beawayforsometime

9.rushout

10.runout

11.runofftosp

12.intime

13.myrelative?sbirthday

14.breakdown

15.lockthedoor

16.belateforschool

17.gotoschoollate

18.wakesbup

19.gointothebathroom

20.waitatthebusstop

21.comeout

22.goby

23.getaride

24.bein+顏色

25.dresssbin+衣月艮

26.wearout

27.dresssb

28.onAprilFool'sDay

29.stopsbfromdoingsth

30.getmarried

31.bemarried

32.getmarriedtosb=marrytosb

33.marrysbtosb

34.theendingof

35.invitesbtosp

36.showup

37.makeit

38.rushtodo..

39.invitesbtodo..

40.attendanimportantmeeting

41.HowcanIgetto?,,?

42.Doyouknowthewayto

Unit11

1.makeatelephonecall=callupsb

2.departmentstore

3.apublicrestroom

4.amagicshow

5.writingpaper

6.gopastthreeblocks

7.apieceoffurniture

8.hangoutinthemall

9.dependon

10.It'sfuntodo

11.letsbin/out

12.freshair

13.acrossfrom

14.dressupas

15.bealwaysdoing

16.puton

17.bepolitetosb

18.berudetosb

19.makearequest

20.lendsbsth=lendsthtosb

21.borrowsthfromsb

22.askfor

23.troublesbtodo…

24.havetroubledoing

25.inaway

26.thewayto

27.loseone'sway

28.getintheway

29.inorderto/that

30.sothat

31.soasto..

Unit12

1.besupposedtodosth

2.shoulddosth

3.shakehands

4.forthefirsttime

5.bowtosb

6.greetsbinawrongway

7.dropby

8.dropinonsb

9.dropinatsp

10.afterall

11.takeaquiz

12.takeanexam

13.tablemanners

14.leavefor…

15.sticksthinto…

16.pointat

17.pointto

18.pointout

19.beattable

20.sitatthetable

21.everytime=eachtime

22.sayinalowvoice

23.makesbfeelathome

24.havecomfortabledoingsth

25.havenotroubledoingsth

26.benervousdoingsth

27.imaginedoingsth

28.expectsbtodo

29.bedifferentfrom..

30.notingbut

31.makeatoasttosb'ssuccess

32.eatwithaknife=useaknifetoeat

33.beunfamiliartosb

34.beunfamiliarwithsth

35.becrowdedwith

36.not---but

37.It'sbadmannerstodo

38.writesoon

39.writtenEnglish

40.spokenEnglish

41.dailyEnglish

42.can'thelp/stopdoingsth

43.can'twaittodo

44.atthepropertime

45.guessriddles

46.learnsthbyoneself

Unit13

1.makeamodelplane

2.infuture

3.inthefuture

4.andtherefore=so

5.aimat

6.keepout

7.keepdoing

8.keepsbdoing???

9.keepawayfrom

10.suchas

11.attimes=sometimes

12.tobeginwith=firstofall

13.thequalityof???

14.somemore

15.twomore=anothertwo

16.makealiving

17.buysthatalowprice

18.workhardat

19.begoodat

20.dowellin

21.beweakin

22.theartofgiving

23.theartofreceiving

24.tobehonest=totellthetruth=honestlyspeaking

Unit14

1.bathingsuit

2.beshortof

3.cleanout

4.feed…to

5.feedon

6.feed…with..

7.lightthefire

8.collectwater

9.workonafarm

10.winanaward

11.chatwithsb

12.3minutesto8

13.inanhour

14.after9o'clock

15.getsthback

16.tellsbaboutsth

17.workwell

18.writeapoem

19.beatsb

20.beatsbinagame

21.hitsbintheface

22.catchsbbythearm

23.hitsbonthehead

24.onthescene

25.atthemusicscene

26.amusicalinstrument

27.tourofworld

28.goodlucktosb

29.taketurnstodosth

30.searchsb

31.searchspfor

32.lookforwardto

33.holdonto

34.payattentionto

35.beinsearchof

36.insouthernchina

37.interestingsights

38.experiencevillagelife

39.goforwalksthroughthecountryside

40.takesthwithsb

41.thepurposeof

42.givesbachancetodosth

43.stepbystep

44.atriptosp

Unit15

1.livingthings

2.3metersthick

3.5meterswide/high/long

4.beagainststh/doingsth

5.inone,slife

6.keepanimals

7.bestillalive

8.bemadeof

9.bemadefrom

10.bemadeinto

11.bemadeoutof

12.turnoffthetap

13.pul1down

14.inone'ssparetime

15.hearof/about.

16.hearfromsb=receiveone'sletter

17.beonbusiness

11.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

11.1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：

every...,sometimes,at...,onSunday。例如：

Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開(kāi)家。

2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如：

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中國(guó)東部。

3）表示格言或警句。例如：

Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必?cái)　?/p>

注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般

現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。

4）現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如：

Idon'twantsomuch.我不要那么多。

AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.安英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，講的可不

行。

比較：NowIputthesugarinthecup.把糖放入杯子。

Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.我正在做功課。

第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說(shuō)明的示范性動(dòng)作，表示言行的瞬間

動(dòng)作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的客觀狀況，所

以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.2-一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法

1)在確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：

yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如：

Wheredidyougojustnow?剛才你上哪兒去T?

2)表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：

WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常

在馬路上踢足球。

WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.

那時(shí)，布朗一家無(wú)論什么時(shí)候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。

3)句型：Itistimeforsb.t。dosth"到...時(shí)間了""該....了"。例如：Itistime

foryoutogotobed.你該睡覺(jué)了。

Itistimethatsb.didsth."時(shí)間已遲了""早該...了"，例如Itistimeyouwent

t。bed.你早該睡覺(jué)了。

would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示‘寧愿某人做某事'。例如：I'dratheryou

cametomorrow.還是明天來(lái)吧。

4)wish,wonder,think,hope等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等，

而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如：Ithought

youmighthavesome.我以為你想要一些。

比較：Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.（含義:她已不在人間。）

Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.（含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著）

Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯

塔基州。）

Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.（含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基

州，有可能指剛離去）

注意：用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。

1）動(dòng)詞want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：

Didyouwantanythingelse?您還要些什么嗎？

Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.能不能幫我一下。

2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,wouldo例如：

Couldyoulendmeyourbike?你的自行車(chē)，能借用一些嗎？

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.3usedto/beusedto

usedto+do："過(guò)去常常"表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例

如：

Motherusednottobesoforgetful.老媽過(guò)去沒(méi)那么健忘。

Scarfusedtotakeawalk.斯卡夫過(guò)去常常散步。

beusedto+doing：對(duì)...已感到習(xí)慣，或"習(xí)慣于"，t。是介詞，后需加名詞

或動(dòng)名詞。例如：

Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.

Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。

典型例題

--Yourphonenumberagain?I___quitecatchit.

--It's69568442.

A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't

答案A.本句雖沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但從語(yǔ)意上看出，在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候沒(méi)有聽(tīng)懂這

個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.4一般將來(lái)時(shí)

1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征

求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱。例如：

WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?我先讀哪一段呢？

Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎？

2)begoingt。+不定式，表示將來(lái)。

a.主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天

打算作什么呢？

b.計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth0

這出戲下月開(kāi)播。

c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobea

storm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。

3)be+不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如：

WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。

4)beaboutto+不定式，意為馬上做某事。例如：

HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他馬上要去北京。

注意：beabouttodo不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀

語(yǔ)連用。

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.5begoingto/will用于條件句時(shí)，begoingt。表將來(lái),will表意愿。例如：

Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,you'dbettergetreadyforitassoonas

possible.

Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontof

themirror.

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.6beto和begoingto

beto表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事，begoingto表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。

例如：

Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。（客觀安排）

I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。（主觀安

排）

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.7一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)

1）下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示

將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如：

Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火車(chē)明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。

Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes.汽車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)?十分鐘后。

2）以here,there等開(kāi)始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：

Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.車(chē)來(lái)了。

Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.鈴響了。

3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如：

WhenBillcomes（不是willcome）,askhimt。waitforme.比爾來(lái)后，讓他

等我。

I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我到T那里，就寫(xiě)信給你。

4）在動(dòng)詞hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等的賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：

Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.我希望他們下星期玩得開(kāi)心。

Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.離開(kāi)房間

前，務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.8用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)

下列動(dòng)詞come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將

來(lái)。例如：

I'mleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你會(huì)在這兒呆到下周嗎？

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.9現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存

在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have(has)+過(guò)去分詞。

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.10比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)

在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday,lastweek,...ago,in1980,inOctober,just

now等，皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,upto

now,inpastyears,always等，皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,already,recently,lately

等。

3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,

teach,learn,work,study,know.。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,

getmarried等。例如：

Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了）

Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）

Whydidyougetupsoearly?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了）

Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交，疑為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）

HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）

HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)）

句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（^nyesterday,last,week,inI960）時(shí)，不能使

用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)\

（錯(cuò)）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

（對(duì)）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.11用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

1）Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如:

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次訪問(wèn)這城市。

Thisisthefirsttime（that）I'veheardhimsing.這是我第--次聽(tīng)他唱歌。

注意:Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.

2）1）$15+形容詞最高級(jí)+勿2七..結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如：

ThisisthebestfilmthatI've（ever）seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。

典型例題

（1）—Doyouknowourtownatall?

—No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.

A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming

答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選B。

（2）—Haveyoubeentoourtownbefore?

—No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.

A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome

答案D.ever意為曾經(jīng)或無(wú)論何時(shí)，反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。

注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生

的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。

（錯(cuò)）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.

（對(duì)）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.12比較since和for

Since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。例如：

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.我住在這兒二十多年了。

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.我從出生起就住在這兒了。

注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。）

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。）

注意：用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時(shí)

中的誤用。

1）（對(duì)）TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=Tombegantostudy

Russianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.

2）（錯(cuò)）Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsix

yearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.

顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhas

beenmarriedforsixyears.

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.13since的四種用法

1）since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,

halfpastsix）。例如：

Ihavebeenheresince1989.1989起，我一直在這兒。

2）since+一段時(shí)間+ago。例如：

Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.我在這兒，已經(jīng)有五個(gè)月了。

3）since+從句。例如：

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.你走后，變化可大了。

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincewewerehere.我們走后，變化可大了。

4）Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句。例如：

ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.我考上研究生有兩年

了。

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.14延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞

1）用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀

語(yǔ)連用。例如：

Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。（表結(jié)果）

I'veknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。（表經(jīng)歷）

2）用于till/until從句的差異

延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……"瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示"

到....才....."o例如：

Hedidn'tcomebackuntilteno'clock.他至！J10點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。

Hesleptuntilteno'clock.他一直睡至U10點(diǎn)。

典型例題

1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.Iherseveraltimes.

A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet

答案B.首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次,

severaltimes告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

2.—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

—Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.

A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe

答案A.等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

返回動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)目錄

11.15過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1)概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去

--I---------1--------1--＞其構(gòu)成是had+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。

那時(shí)以前那時(shí)現(xiàn)在

2)用法

a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.她告訴我她曾去過(guò)巴黎。

b.狀語(yǔ)從句

在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一

般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：

Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团?/p>

了。

c.表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，

用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：

Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái)，但

是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。

3）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas。例

如:

HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.他說(shuō)過(guò)他以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英

語(yǔ)。

Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.到了

十二歲那年，愛(ài)迪生開(kāi)始自己謀生。

Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestshadleftwhenhearrivedatthe

party.

湯姆失望了，因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會(huì)時(shí)，大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。

典型例題

Thestudents___busilywhe