Thebrainstem-山東大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院人體解剖學(xué)教研室

ThebrainTelencephalon端腦Diencephalon間腦Cerebellum小腦Brainstem腦干

第一頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Thebrainstem腦干

Consistsof

Midbrain中腦

Pons腦橋Medullaoblongata延髓

第二頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Medullaoblongata延髓

VentralsurfacePyramid錐體:containpyramidaltract(corticospinaltract)Decussationofpyramid錐體交叉:formedbycrossingfibersofcorticospinaltractOlive橄欖:producedbyunderlyinginferiorolivarynucleusAnterolateralsulcus前外側(cè)溝:rootletsofhypoglossalnerveemergefromitRetroolivarysulcus橄欖后溝:rootletsofglossopharyngeal,vagusandaccessorynervesemergefromit第三頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Medullaoblongata延髓DorsalsurfaceLowerportionGraciletubercle薄束結(jié)節(jié):

producedbyunderlyinggracilenucleusCuneatetubercle楔束結(jié)節(jié):marksthesiteofcuneatenucleusInferiorcerebellarpeduncle小腦下腳Obex閂Upperportion:formsthelowerhalfofrhomboidfossa第四頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

Pons腦橋VentralsurfaceBasilarpart

基底部Basilarsulcus基底溝Bulbopontinesulcus延髓腦橋溝:frommedialtolateral,theabducent,facialandvestibulocochlearnervesappearMiddlecerebellarpeduncle

小腦中腳Trigeminalnerve三叉神經(jīng)Pontocerebellartrigone腦橋小腦三角:thejunctionofmedulla,ponsandcerebellum第五頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

Pons

腦橋DorsalsurfaceSuperiorcerebellarpeduncle小腦上腳Superiormedullaryvelum前髓帆Trochlearnerve

滑車神經(jīng)第六頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

Midbrain中腦

VentralsurfaceCruscerebri大腦腳底Interpeduncularfossa腳間窩oculomotornervesemergefrommedialofcruscerebriPosteriorperforatedsubstance后穿質(zhì)第七頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

Midbrain中腦

DorsalsurfaceSuperiorcolliculus

上丘constitutecentersforvisualreflexesInferiorcolliculus

下丘associatedwithauditorypathwayBrachiumofsuperior

colliculi上丘臂Brachiumofinferiorcolliculi下丘臂第八頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Fourthventricle第四腦室Position

Situatedventraltocerebellum,anddorsaltoponsandcranialhalfofmedullaCentralcanal→fourthventricle→mesencephalicaqueduct→thirdventricle第九頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。BoundariesInferolateral:gracileandcuneatetubercles,inferiorcerebellarpeduncleSuperolateral:superiorcerebellarpeduncleLateralrecess第十頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。FeaturesMediansulcus正中溝Sulcuslimitans界溝Vestibulararea前庭區(qū)overliesvestibularnucleiAcoustictubercle聽(tīng)結(jié)節(jié)overlying

dorsalcochlearnucleusMedialeminence內(nèi)側(cè)隆起

Striaemedullares髓紋第十一頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Facialcolliculus面神經(jīng)丘:overliesnucleusofabducentn.andgenuoffacialnerveHypoglossaltriangle舌下神經(jīng)三角:verlying

hypoglossalnucleus

Vagaltriangle迷走神經(jīng)三角:overliesdorsalnucleusofvagusnerveFuniculusseparans分隔索Areapostrema最后區(qū)Locusceruleus藍(lán)斑第十二頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

RoofAnteriorpart:formedbysuperiorcerebellarpeduncleandsuperiormedullaryvelumPosteriorpart:formedbyinferiormedullaryvelumandchoroidplexusoffourthventricleThreeaperturesMedianapertureoffourthventricle

第四腦室正中孔Twolateralaperturesoffourthventricle第四腦室外側(cè)孔第十三頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Telachoroideaandchoroidplexus

脈絡(luò)叢和脈絡(luò)組織第十四頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Internalstructures

第十五頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

Generalsomaticmotornuclei

一般軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)核Nucleusofoculomotorn.動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)核Nucleusoftrochlearn.滑車神經(jīng)核Nucleusofabducentn.展神經(jīng)核Nucleusofhypoglossaln.舌下神經(jīng)核第十六頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

NucleusSiteCranialn.FunctionNucleusofOculomotorn.MidbrainⅢSupreior,inferior,andmedialrecti,inf.obliquus,levatorpalpebraesuperiorisNucleusoftrochlearn.MidbrainⅣSuperiorobliquusNucleusofabducentn.PonsⅥLateralrectusNucleusofhypoglossaln.MedullaⅫMusclesoftongueGeneral

somaticmotornuclei第十七頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

Specialvisceralmotornuclei

特殊內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)核Motornucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)核Nucleusoffacialn.面神經(jīng)核Nucleusambiguus疑核Accessorynucleus副神經(jīng)核第十八頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。SpecialvisceralmotornucleiNucleusSiteCranialn.FunctionMotornucleusoftrigeminaln.PonsⅤMasticatorymusclesNucleusoffacialn.PonsⅦFacialm.,platysma,posteriorbellyofdigastric,stylohyoid,stapediusNucleusambiguusMedullaⅨ,Ⅹ.ⅪSkeletalm.ofpharynx,larynxandupperpartofesophagusAccessorynucleusMedulla-cervicalcordⅪSternocleidomastoid,trapezius第十九頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Generalvisceralmotornuclei一般內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)核Accessoryoculomotornucleus動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)副核Superiorsalivatorynucleus上泌涎核Inferiorsalivertorynucleus下泌涎核Dorsalnucleusofvagusn.迷走神經(jīng)背核第二十頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。GeneralvisceralmotornucleiNucleusSiteCranialn.FunctionAccessoryoculomotornucleusMidbrainⅢSphincterpupillaeandciliarym.SuperiorsalivatorynucleusPonsⅦSubmandibular,sublingualandlacrimalglandsInferiorsalivertorynucleusMedullaⅨParotidglandDorsalnucleusofvagusn.medullaⅩManycervical,thoracicandabdominalviscera第二十一頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Visceralsensorynuclei(generalandspecial)

Nucleusofsolitarytract

孤束核第二十二頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Visceralsensorynuclei(generalandspecial)NucleusSiteCranialn.FunctionNucleusofsolitarytractMedullaⅦ,Ⅸ,ⅩTasteandvisceralsensation第二十三頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。GeneralsomaticsensorynucleiMesencephalicnucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神經(jīng)中腦核Pontinenucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神經(jīng)腦橋核Spinalnucleusoftrigeminaln.三叉神經(jīng)脊束核第二十四頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。GeneralsomaticsensorynucleiNucleusSiteCranialn.FunctionMesencephalicnucleusoftrigeminaln.MidbrainⅤProprioceptionofheadPontinenucleusoftrigeminaln.PonsⅤTactilesensationofheadSpinalnucleusoftrigeminaln.MedullaⅤPainandtemperaturesenseofhead第二十五頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。SpecialsomaticsensorynucleiCochlearnuclei蝸神經(jīng)核Vestibularnuclei前庭神經(jīng)核第二十六頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。SpecialsomaticsensorynucleiNucleusSiteCranialn.FunctionCochlearnucleiPonsandmedullaⅧSenseofhearingVestibularnucleiPonsandmedullaⅧSenseofequilibrium第二十七頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Gracilenucleus薄束核Cuneatenucleus楔束核Inferiorolivarynucleus下橄欖核Superioroliverynucleus上橄欖核Pontinenucleus腦橋核Nucleusofinferiorcolliculus下丘核Graymatterlayersofsuperiorcolliculus上丘灰質(zhì)層Rednucleus紅核Substantianigra黑質(zhì)Pretectalarea頂蓋前區(qū)

Relaynuclei傳導(dǎo)中繼核第二十八頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

Non-cranialnervenuclei

NucleusSiteGracilenucleusMedulla(underneathgraciletubercle)CuneatenucleusMedulla(underneathcuneatetubercle)SuperioroliverynucleusPonsPontinenucleusponsNucleusofinferiorcolliculusMidbrainGraymatterlayersofsuperiorcolliculusMidbrainRednucleusMidbrainSubstantianigraMidbrainPretectalareaMidbrain第二十九頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。WhitematterAscendingtractsMediallemniscus內(nèi)側(cè)丘系Spinallemniscus脊髓丘系Trigeminallemniscus三叉丘系Laterallemniscus外側(cè)丘系第三十頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Mediallemniscus內(nèi)側(cè)丘系

第三十一頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Spinallemniscus脊髓丘系第三十二頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Trigeminallemniscus三叉丘系第三十三頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。DescendingtractsCorticospinaltract

皮質(zhì)脊髓束Rubrospinaltract紅核脊髓束Tectospinaltract頂蓋脊髓束Vestibulospinaltract前庭脊髓束Reticulospinaltract網(wǎng)狀脊髓束第三十四頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Laterallemniscus外側(cè)丘系第三十五頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。

ReticularformationofbrainstemAscendingreticularactivatingsystem(ARAS)上行網(wǎng)狀激動(dòng)系統(tǒng)MotorcentralandvitalcentresReticulospinaltractCardiovascularcenterandrespiratorycenterSerotonergicraphealnuclei第三十六頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Thecharactersofinternalstructureofbrainstem第三十七頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Medullaoblongata

Lowerpart(closedpart)Twodecussations–DecussationsofmediallemniscusDecussationsofpyramid第三十八頁(yè)，共42頁(yè)。Medullaobl