高考英語一輪鞏固達(dá)標(biāo)練題Unit3Underthesea(含解析)新人教版選修7

Underthesea李仕才閱讀理解。OldFossilsScientistshavefoundwhattheythinkisprobablytheoldestfossilonEarth,aremnantoflifefrom3.7billionyearsagowhenEarth’sskieswereorangeanditsoceansgreen.InanewlymeltedpartofGreenland,Australianscientistsfoundtheleftoverstructurefromacommunityofmicrobes（微生物）thatlivedonanancientseafloor.Basedontheiranalysisofthefossils,theresearchersdeterminedthattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWesternAustralia,whichwere3.48billionyearsold.Thediscoveryshowslifemayhaveformedquickerandmoreeasilythanoncethought,abouthalfabillionyearsafterEarthformed.Andthatmayalsogivehopeforlifeformingelsewhere,suchasMars,saidstudyco-authorMartinVanKranendonkoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesanddirectoroftheAustralianCenterforAstrobiology.＂Itgivesusanideahowourplanetevolvedandhowlifegainedafoothold,＂VanKranendonksaid.ScientistshadthoughtitwouldtakeatleasthalfabillionyearsforlifetoformafterthemoltenEarthstartedtocoolabit,butthisshowsitcouldhavehappenedquicker,hesaid.That’sbecausethenewlyfoundfossilisfartoocomplextohavedevelopedsoonaftertheplanet’sfirstlifeforms,hesaid.Inanoutcropofrocksthatusedtobecoveredwithiceandsnowwhichmeltedafteranexceptionallywarmspring,theAustralianteamfoundstromatolites（疊層石）,whicharelayeredstructuresthatareoftenproducedbyacommunityofmicrobes.Thestromatoliteswereabout1to4centimetershigh.＂Itislikethehouseleftbehindmadebythemicrobes,＂VanKranendonksaid.＂Scientistsusedthelayersofashfromvolcanoesandtinyzircon（鋯石）withuraniumandestimatedthattheydatebackto3.7billionyearsago.＂Thedatingseemsaboutright,saidAbigailAllwood,aNASAastrobiologistwhofoundthepreviousoldestfossil,from3.48billionyearsago,inAustralia.ButAllwoodsaidsheisnotcompletelyconvincedthatwhatVanKranendonk’steamfoundoncewasalive.Shesaidtheevidencewasn’tconclusiveenoughthatitwaslifeandnotageologicquirk（地質(zhì)偶合）.＂Itwouldbenicetohavemoreevidence,butintheserocksthat’salottoask,＂Allwoodsaidinanemail.1.Theunderlinedwords＂gainedafoothold＂inParagraph3mean______.2.WecanlearnfromParagraph4______.A.thefossilappearedsoonafterthebirthoftheearthB.thefossilformedsoonaftertheearth’sfirstlifeC.lifeformedearlierthanthenewlyfoundfossilD.lifeappearedabouthalfabillionyearsago3.WhatisAbigailAllwood’sattitudetowardsthenewlyfoundfossil?A.Neutral.B.Sceptical.C.Objective.D.Supportive.thepreviousfossilsaremadeupofstromatolitesthenewlyfoundfossilscomefromWesternAustraliathenewlyfoundfossilshaveahistoryof3.7billionyears【語篇分析】文章介紹科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)距今37億年前的化石。1.D【分析】詞義猜想題。依據(jù)文章第三段的句子＂Itgivesusanideahowourplanetevolved＂這讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)星球是怎么形成的，下文是生命是怎么開始的?？芍?，＂gainedafoothold＂意為＂開始＂。應(yīng)選D。3.B【分析】看法態(tài)度題。依據(jù)文章最后一段的句子＂Shesaidtheevidencewasn’tconclusiveenoughthatitwaslifeandnotageologicquirk(地質(zhì)偶合).＂可知，AbigailAllwood對(duì)于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石態(tài)度是思疑的。應(yīng)選B。4.D【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段的句子＂remnantoflifefrom3.7billionyearsago＂和第二段的句子＂theresearchersdetermined2thattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWesternAustralia,whichwere3.48billionyearsold.＂可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石有37億年歷史。應(yīng)選D。語法填空。TheBritishhavemanytraditionsbutthereisnothingmoretypicalthantakingafternoontea.WeknowtheBritshavealoveaffairwithdrinkingtea,__1__morethan160millioncupsdrunkeveryday,butitwastheinventionofafternoontea__2__turnedteadrinkinginto__3__popularhobby.Thissociablefeastinvolvesdrinkinggoodqualitytea__4__(comfort)whileeatingnicesandwiches,aselectionofsmallcakesandsoon.And,ofcourse,itcanonlyhappenintheafternoon!Afternoontea,whichoriginally__5__(design)asalightsnacktobridgethegapbetweenlunchanddinner,datesbacktothe1840s.Itwentontobecomea__6__(fashion)socialoccasionfortheupperclasses.Nowthereisaresurgence(復(fù)蘇)inits__7__(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletoanyonewhocanaffordit.__8__itcanbeenjoyedathome,thebestwaytoexperienceitisatasmarthotelorcafé.Butifyou'rethinkingofvisitingsuchaplace__9__(enjoy)aplateofdelicioustreatswithasteaminghotbrew,remembertherulesyoumustfollowtoavoid__10__(ask)toleave.WriterHenryJamesoncenotedthat“therearefewhoursinlifemoreagreeablethanthehourdevotedtotheceremonyknownasafternoontea”.I'msureonceyoutryit,youwillagree.1．4.________8.________篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。喝下午茶是最為典型的英式傳統(tǒng)。濃烈的茶香配上雅致、美味的各色茶點(diǎn)讓品飲下午茶成為了一件很舒適的事情。本文介紹了下午茶的發(fā)源、歷史、發(fā)展、現(xiàn)狀及受歡迎程度。1．with考察介詞。此處為“with＋名詞＋過去分詞”的復(fù)合構(gòu)造用法，在句中作狀語。2．that考察重申句型。剖析句子構(gòu)造可知，此處為重申句型，“theinventionofafternoontea”是被重申部分，故填that。3．a(chǎn)考察冠詞。apopularhobby“一個(gè)受歡迎的業(yè)余喜好”，此處用不定冠詞a表示泛指。4．comfortably考察詞性變換。空處在句中修飾“品茶”這一動(dòng)作，充任狀語成分，3應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞。5．wasdesigned考察動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。該空在定語從句中充任謂語，design與作主語的關(guān)系詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且由“originally”“datesbacktothe1840s”可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。6．fashionable考察詞性變換。修飾后來的名詞短語socialoccasion，作定語，用形容詞。7．popularity考察詞性變換。該空充任介詞in的賓語，所以用名詞。8．Although/While/Though考察連詞。剖析句意可知，句子中存在退步的邏輯關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用連詞Although，While或Though來指引退步狀語從句。9．toenjoy考察非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處為動(dòng)詞不定式在句中充任目的狀語。10．beingasked考察非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞avoid后需接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，而且ask和you之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式beingasked。完形填空。Wehaveallheardofgiantpandas,andknowthattheyareendangered.Whenonehasbabies,itmakesnationalnews__1__，andpicturesoftheirbabiesare__2__circulated.Butitnowseemsthatthegiantpandaisnot__3__ofitself.Thelovelyanimalshave__4__aclassictestofself-awareness.Theycannot__5__themselvesinthemirror.Researchersusethemirrorrecognitiontestto__6__whetherchildrenoranimalshavea__7__ofself-awareness.Inthetest,ananimalispresented__8__amirror.Researchersthenwatchtosee__9__itnoticesamarkonitsface,whichisonly__10__inthemirror.Iftheanimalnoticesthemark,itoften__11__it.Humanchildrenoftenpassthetestwhentheyareonlytwoyearsold.Manyotheranimalshavepassedthemirrortest,includingmonkeys,Asianelephantsandevenpigeons.Butwhenresearcherstestedpandas,__12__ofthemdidthesamethingasthoseanimalsdid.__13__，eachpandabehavedasiftheir__14__inthemirrorwasanotherpandaaltogether.Theyactedasiftheywere__15__bywhattheysawinthemirror,scratchingtheirfeetandwalking__16__.The__17__ofthisresearchwillhelpdesignbetterareasforanimalsincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).Forexample,one-directionalglasssometimesusedintheareasmay__18__pandastofeelstressedwhentheyseetheirownimageinthe__19__.That'sbecausetheymightbelieveittobeanotherpanda,__20__themselves.1．A.papersB．covers4C．headlinesD．pages2．A.widelyB．popularlyC．especiallyD．completely3．A.shyB．fondC．consciousD．confident4．A.failedB．ignoredC．facedD．conducted5．A.observeB．discoverC．recognizeD．understand6．A.believeinB．findoutC．pickoutD．takein7．A.senseB．questionC．opinionD．thought8．A.forB．withC．inD．before9．A.howB．whenC．whyD．whether10．A.touchableB．seeableC．sensibleD．possible11．A.dismissesB．a(chǎn)dmitsC．feelsD．moves12．A.allB．mostC．oneD．none13．A.ThusB．HoweverC．InsteadD．Still14．A.reactionB．reflectionC．operationD．imagination15．A.trappedB．a(chǎn)mazedC．threatenedD．teased16．A.backwardsB．a(chǎn)loneC．forwardsD．a(chǎn)long17．A.failureB．outcomeC．successD．review18．A.causeB．prepare5C．a(chǎn)ccelerateD．urge19．A.eyesB．cagesC．zooD．glass20．A.otherthanB．regardlessofC．becauseofD．ratherthan【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文對(duì)大熊貓、少兒還有其余的動(dòng)物都做了相關(guān)自我意識(shí)感方面的研究，結(jié)果顯示大熊貓的自我認(rèn)知很差，即便照鏡子，它們也認(rèn)不出鏡子里的自己。1．C考察名詞辨析。依據(jù)上文中的“andknowthattheyareendangered”可推知，當(dāng)一個(gè)大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會(huì)上國內(nèi)新聞?lì)^條。C項(xiàng)意為“頭條(新聞)”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“報(bào)紙”；B項(xiàng)意為“封面”；D項(xiàng)意為“頁碼”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。2．A考察副詞辨析。上文提到，當(dāng)一個(gè)大熊貓有寶寶后，很快就會(huì)上國內(nèi)新聞?lì)^條；由此可推知，大熊貓寶寶的照片會(huì)被寬泛傳閱。A項(xiàng)意為“寬泛地”，切合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“流行地”；C項(xiàng)意為“特別地”；D項(xiàng)意為“完整地”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。3．C考察形容詞辨析。依據(jù)第二段第一句中的“aclassictestofself-awareness”可知，這里指的是此刻看起來大熊貓是沒有自我意識(shí)的。C項(xiàng)意為“存心識(shí)的”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“害羞的”；B項(xiàng)意為“喜愛的”；D項(xiàng)意為“自信的”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。4．A考察動(dòng)詞辨析。依據(jù)下文中的“Theycannot...havea________ofself-awareness.”可知，可愛的大熊貓沒有經(jīng)過這類經(jīng)典的自我意識(shí)測試。A項(xiàng)意為“失敗”，切合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“忽略”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對(duì)”；D項(xiàng)意為“指揮，指引”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。5．C考察動(dòng)詞辨析。依據(jù)下文的“Researchersusethemirrorrecognition...”可知，此處指大熊貓認(rèn)不出鏡子中的自己。C項(xiàng)意為“辨識(shí)出”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“觀察”；B項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“理解”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。6．B考察動(dòng)詞短語辨析。依據(jù)語境可知，此處指研究者的目的是弄清楚孩子或動(dòng)物是否有自我認(rèn)知。B項(xiàng)意為“找到，弄清楚”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“相信，相信”；C項(xiàng)意為“精選出”；D項(xiàng)意為“汲取，欺詐”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。7．A考察名詞辨析。依據(jù)語境可知，此處指自我認(rèn)知，是一種感覺。A項(xiàng)意為“感覺”，asenseof為固定搭配，意為“一種感”，切合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“問題”；C項(xiàng)意為“觀點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)意為“想法”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。8．B考察介詞辨析。依據(jù)語境可知，此處指在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，動(dòng)物在鏡子中體現(xiàn)出來。表示使用某種工具，應(yīng)用介詞with。9．D考察連詞辨析。依據(jù)語境可知，此處指研究者想察看大熊貓能否能注意到它臉上6的記號(hào)。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。10．B考察形容詞辨析。依據(jù)知識(shí)可知，在自己臉上的標(biāo)志，只有在鏡子中才能看到。B項(xiàng)意為“可見的”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“可觸摸的”；C項(xiàng)意為“可察覺的”；D項(xiàng)意為“可能的”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。11．C考察動(dòng)詞辨析。依據(jù)下文的“Manyotheranimalshavepassedthemirrortest”可知，此處指假如動(dòng)物注意到臉上的標(biāo)志，它會(huì)感覺到這個(gè)標(biāo)志的。C項(xiàng)意為“感覺，感覺”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“辭退，解散”；B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)可”；D項(xiàng)意為“挪動(dòng)”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。12．D考察代詞辨析。依據(jù)上文及轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”可知，此處指沒有一只大熊貓像其余動(dòng)物同樣能感覺到臉上的標(biāo)志。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。13．C考察副詞辨析。依據(jù)語境可知，此處指“相反，每一只大熊貓表現(xiàn)得就像鏡子里的影像是其余大熊貓”。C項(xiàng)意為“取代，而不是”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“所以”；B項(xiàng)意為“但是”；D項(xiàng)意為“仍舊”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。14．B考察名詞辨析。依據(jù)知識(shí)可知，鏡子中應(yīng)是照射出的影像。B項(xiàng)意為“映像，倒影”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“反響”；C項(xiàng)意為“操作，手術(shù)”；D項(xiàng)意為“想象”。均與語境不符。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。15．C考察動(dòng)詞辨析。依據(jù)下文中熊貓的反響可知，熊貓表現(xiàn)出仿佛遇到鏡子中“自己”的威迫。C項(xiàng)意為“威迫”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“使墮入窘境，卡住”；B項(xiàng)意為“使吃驚”；D項(xiàng)意為“譏笑，捉弄”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。16．A考察副詞辨析。依據(jù)知識(shí)可知，懼怕會(huì)向退后。A項(xiàng)意為“向后”，切合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“單獨(dú)地”；C項(xiàng)意為“向前”；D項(xiàng)意為“一同，沿著”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。17．B考察名詞辨析。依據(jù)語境可知，此處指研究的結(jié)果。B項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)果”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“失敗”；C項(xiàng)意為“成功”；D項(xiàng)意為“復(fù)習(xí)”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。18．A考察動(dòng)詞辨析。由語境可知，此處指能夠成像的玻璃會(huì)讓大熊貓感覺有壓力。causesb.todosth.意為“致使某人做某事”，切合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”；C項(xiàng)意為“加快”；D項(xiàng)意為“敦促”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。19．D考察名詞辨析。依據(jù)上文中的“one-directionalglass”可知，glass切合語境。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。20．D考察介詞短語辨析。由語境可知，此處指這就是由于大熊貓相信鏡子里是其余大熊貓而不是自己。D項(xiàng)意為“而不是”，切合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“除了”；B項(xiàng)意為“不論”；C項(xiàng)意為“由于”，均與語境不符。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。7***短文改錯(cuò)。NowadaysmoreandmorepeoplewouldrathertolookforajobontheInternetthaninthenewspapersorinthejobmarket.Therearemanyreasonsformypreference,oneofthatisthatajobhuntercanfindajobconveniently.Heneedn'tbothertogetrecommendationsfromrelativeorfriends,orregistrationatanemploymentexchange.Besides,ajobhuntercangetajobbysimplebrowsingamongtheadvertisementsonlineandsendingresumesbye－mail.Finally,thesuccessrateisveryhigh.Butevenifonefailstofindajob,itcansparehimtheembarrassmentofrefused.Asforme,IbelievethatastheincreasingpopularityoftheInternet,thisnewwayw