淋巴系統(tǒng)解剖

淋巴系統(tǒng)解剖第一頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日OverviewoftheLymphaticSystemIncludes,vessels,fluid,andnodesornonsecreting"glands".Lymphaticvesselsconveyfluidfromtheperipherytotheveins.Thefluid,lymph(=clearspringwater),iswhatseepsoutofthebloodattheperipheralcapillaries.CompositionissimilartoplasmawithouttheproteinsLymphaticorgansortissues("glands")arefilteringareasandarenasoflymphocytematurationandcompetency.第二頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日MajorFunctionsofLymphaticSystemFiltrationoflymphReturnofseepedfluidtoc.v.system“Education”andproductionofimmunesystemlymphocytesTransportofdigestedlipidsfromsmallintestinallacteals

第三頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日LymphCapillariesThinwalledendothelium(noBM)withperiodiconewayvalves.Ingeneraltheyparallelveins.Closedendsallowfluidflowinwardonly PickupandrecycleextratissuefluidLymphcirculationdueto?ComparetoFig.23.2第四頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日LocationofLymphCapillariesEverywhere,exceptforCNSandbonemarrow,aswellascorneaandcartilage.Specialsetoflymphcapillariesinvilliofsmallintestine=Lacteals

第五頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日Damagedvalvesorblockedlymphvessels ???Lymphaticvesselscomparableinstructuretoveins第六頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日LymphcapillariesconvergetobecomecollectingvesselsandendupaseitherThoracicductorrightlymphaticductThoracic(leftlymphatic)ductLeftsubclavianveinRightlymphaticductRightsubclavianveinCysternaChyliFig23.4第七頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日largest第八頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日LymphocytesAgranulocytes-largenucleiandsmallamountofcytoplasmFunctioninidentificationandinactivation/destructionofpathogensTypesofLymphocytesTCells-cellularimmunity-specificforpreviouslyidentifiedpathogensTHelper,TKiller,TSuppressor,andmemorycellsBCells-humoralimmunity-plasmacellsproduceantibodiesspecifictotheantigenorpathogen;memorycellsNKcells-non-specific,provideimmunologicalsurveillance第九頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日BoneMarrow:LymphopoiesisLymphocytesarelateralsoproducedinthymus,spleenandtonsilsFig23.7第十頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日122C.t.loadedwithLymphocytesLymphoidnodulesareunencapsulatedclustersoflymphocytes(~1mm).Foundbeneathepithelialliningofrespiratory,digestive&urinarytractsMucosaassociatedlymphatictissue(MALT)inGItract

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tonsilsaggregatelymphoidnodulesinsmallintestine(=Peyerspatches)appendix-wallscontainlymphoidtissueLymphoidTissue=adenoids第十一頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日LymphNodes~500(1mmto25mm)Bean-shapedwithhilusseveralafferentvessels,oneefferentvesselFunction?Popularterm“l(fā)ymphgland”ismisnomer.Why?Containlotsoflymphocytes&MacrophagesClinicalapplication:SwollenlymphnodesFig23.9第十二頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日DistributionofLNsCervicallymphnodes-drainheadandneckAxillarylymphnodes-drainarmsandbreastsPopliteallymphnodes-drainlegs,drainintoInguinallymphnodes-drainlowerlimbThoraciclymphnodes-drainthoracicvisceraAbdominallymphnodes-drainpelvicregionIntestinalandmesentericlymphnodes-drainabdominalviscera第十三頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日ThymusLocationaboveheart,posteriortosternumDividedintolobulesOnlylymphoidorganthatdoesNOTfightantigens,itfunctionsas“T-cellacademy”BloodthymusbarrierpreventsprematurestimulationofdevelopingT-cellsInvolutionafterpubertyEpithelialcellsproducethymichormones第十四頁，共十五頁，2022年，8月28日LargestlymphoidorganSoftandverybloodrichRedpulpsinusoidscontainingRBCs whitepulplymphoidtissueMajorFunctions:InitiationofImmuneresponsetoantigensinbloodRemovalofag