雅思閱讀之幫助記憶的標(biāo)記法與應(yīng)避免的誤區(qū)

千里之行，始于第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦雅思閱讀之幫助記憶的標(biāo)記法與應(yīng)避免的誤區(qū)雅思閱讀之關(guān)心記憶的標(biāo)記法與應(yīng)避開的誤區(qū)

雅思閱讀大段的篇幅提高了烤鴨們對全文進(jìn)行記憶的難度，但借助IELTS給我們的一筆一橡皮，長長的一段話往往可以濃縮在一兩個小小的關(guān)鍵詞中。

雅思閱讀關(guān)心記憶的標(biāo)記法與應(yīng)避開的誤區(qū)

借助圈劃段落關(guān)鍵詞，我們可以更快地登記雅思閱讀文章的內(nèi)容，下面就和我一起來看看有哪些好的標(biāo)記法吧：

1.根據(jù)文章的實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容，把關(guān)鍵名詞、關(guān)鍵動作圈出來。這樣既便利你把每段的段落大意總結(jié)出來，又便利做細(xì)節(jié)題時快速地找到對應(yīng)的答案出沒區(qū)域。

2.劃出語義轉(zhuǎn)折句，或者直接在旁邊標(biāo)注其意義。關(guān)鍵句的作用主要體現(xiàn)在段落匹配題中，當(dāng)糾結(jié)于兩個選項哪個更像是這個段落的大意時，把它和關(guān)鍵句比較一下。

3.在文章的不同段落間寫出大致規(guī)律關(guān)系。雅思?？嫉目茖W(xué)說明類文章往往環(huán)環(huán)相扣，生詞迭出，這樣的標(biāo)記可以關(guān)心你繞開生詞厘清全文的規(guī)律鏈。

4.除了考場應(yīng)試，在平常的練習(xí)中你還可以圈劃生詞，便利對完答案后精讀整理。不少烤鴨反映，自己的雅思閱讀的高頻詞就是這樣一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)被歸納出來的。

但是在運(yùn)用標(biāo)記法的同時，大家也要在雅思閱讀中留意避開一些常見的誤區(qū)，它們主要是：

1.關(guān)鍵詞劃的太多，把全篇內(nèi)容都涵蓋進(jìn)去了;或圈劃出的內(nèi)容太少，回顧時沒有參考的價值。其實(shí)大家不用患得患失，而是要懂得取舍，依據(jù)自己的記憶力選擇合適的單詞作為圈劃對象就好。

2.只把題干里消失的詞作為關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)果找錯了答案。雅思閱讀特別考驗同義替換的力量，你在題干里甚至選項里能找到的內(nèi)容很可能只是迷惑性的，不妨在閱讀時放開手腳去找那些語義上有更深遠(yuǎn)作用的詞句。

3.記號混用，或記號過于簡單。你可以用不同符號標(biāo)出不同的規(guī)律關(guān)系，但重點(diǎn)是把它們搞懂，帶著印象去看題目;假如記號整的不明不白，反而會讓你在做題時陷入迷茫。

把握了這些筆頭功夫，就不愁你的雅思閱讀會顧此失彼、手足無措啦。

雅思閱讀模擬練習(xí)及答案

Sleepmedicationlinkedtobizarrebehaviour

Newevidencehaslinkedacommonlyprescribedsleepmedicationwithbizarrebehaviours,includingacaseinwhichawomanpaintedherfrontdoorinhersleep.

UKandAustralianhealthagencieshavereleasedinformationabout240casesofoddoccurrences,includingsleepwalking,amnesiaandhallucinationsamongpeopletakingthedrugzolpidem.

Whiledoctorssaythatzolpidemcanoffermuch-neededreliefforpeoplewithsleepdisorders,theycautionthatthesenewlyreportedcasesshouldpromptacloserlookatitspossiblesideeffects.

Zolpidem,soldunderthebrandnamesAmbien,StilnoctandStilnox,iswidelyprescribedtotreatinsomniaandotherdisorderssuchassleepapnea.Variousformsofthedrug,madebyFrenchpharmaceuticalgiantSanofi-Aventis,wereprescribed674,500timesin2022intheUK.

AnewlypublishedreportfromAustralia’sFederalHealthDepartmentdescribes104casesofhallucinationsand62casesofamnesiaexperiencedbypeopletakingzolpidemsincemarketingofthedrugbegantherein2000.Thehealthdepartmentreportalsomentioned16casesofstrangesleepwalkingbypeopletakingthemedication.

Midnightsnack

Inoneofthesesleepwalkingcasesapatientwokewithapaintbrushinherhandafterpaintingthefrontdoortoherhouse.Anothercaseinvolvedawomanwhogained23kilogramsoversevenmonthswhiletakingzolpidem.“Itwasonlywhenshewasdiscoveredinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorwhileasleepthattheproblemwasresolved,”accordingtothereport.

TheUK’sMedicinesandHealthcareproductsRegulatoryAgency,meanwhile,hasrecorded68casesofadversereactionstozolpidemfrom2022to2022.

ThenewlyreportedcasesintheUKandAustraliaaddtoagrowinglistofbizarresleepwalkingepisodeslinkedtothedruginothercountries,includingreportsofpeoplesleep-drivingwhileonthemedication.Inonecase,atransatlanticflighthadtobedivertedafterapassengercausedhavocaftertakingzolpidem.

Hypnoticeffects

Thereisnobiologicalpathwaythathasbeenproventoconnectzolpidemwiththesebehaviours.Thedrugisabenzodiazepine-likehypnoticthatpromotesdeepsleepbyinteractingwithbrainreceptorsforachemicalcalledgamma-aminobutyricacid.Whilepartsofthebrainbecomelessactiveduringdeepsleep,thebodycanstillmove,makingsleepwalkingapossibility.

Theproductinformationforprescribersadvisesthatpsychiatricadverseeffects,includinghallucinations,sleepwalkingandnightmares,aremorelikelyintheelderly,andtreatmentshouldbestoppediftheyoccur.

Patientadvocacygroupssaytheywouldlikegovernmenthealthagenciesanddrugcompaniestotakeacloserlookatthepossiblerisksassociatedwithsleepmedicines.Theystressthatstrangesleepwalkingandsleep-drivingbehaviourscanhaveriskyconsequences.

“Whenpeopledosomethinginwhichthey’renotinfullcontrolit’salwaysadanger,”saysVeraSharavoftheNewYork-basedAllianceforHumanResearchProtection,aUSnetworkthatadvocatesresponsibleandethicalmedicalresearchpractices.

Triedandtested

“Themorereportsthatcomeoutaboutthepotentialsideeffectsofthedrug,themoreresearchneedstobedonetounderstandifthesearerealsideeffects,”sayssleepresearcherKennethWrightattheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder,US.

Millionsofpeoplehavetakenthedrugwithoutexperiencinganystrangesideeffects,pointsoutRichardMillmanatBrownMedicalSchool,directoroftheSleepDisordersCenterofLifespanHospitalsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,US.Hesaysthatunlikeoldertypesofsleepmedications,zolpidemdoesnotcarryasgreatariskofaddiction.

AndWrightnotesthatsomeofthereportsof“sleep-driving”linkedtozolpidemcanbeeasilyexplained:somepatientshavewronglytakenthedrugrightbeforeleavingworkinhopesthatthemedicinewillkickinbythetimetheyreachhome.Doctorsstressthatthemedicationshouldbetakenjustbeforegoingtobed.

TheUSFoodDrugAdministrationsaysitiscontinuingtoactivelyinvestigateandcollectinformationaboutcaseslinkingzolpidemtounusualsideeffects.

TheAmbienlabelcurrentlylistsstrangebehaviourasa“specialconcern”forpeopletakingthedrug.“It’sapossiblerareadverseevent,”saysSanofi-AventisspokespersonMelissaFeltmann,addingthatthestrangesleepwalkingbehaviours“maynotnecessarilybecausedbythedrug”butinsteadresultfromanunderlyingdisorder.Shesaysthat“thesafetyprofile[ofzolpidem]iswellestablished”.ThedrugreceivedapprovalintheUSin1993.

Questions1-6Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?

Inboxes1-6onyouranswersheetwrite

TRUEifthestatementistrueaccordingtothepassage

FALSEifthestatementisfalseaccordingtothepassage

NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage

1.Ambien,StilnoctandStilnoxarebrandnamesofonesamedrugtreatinginsomnia.

2.Thewoman’sobesityproblemwasn’tresolveduntilshestoppedtakingzolpidem.

3.ZolpidemreceivedapprovalintheUKin2022.

4.ThebizarrebehaviourofapassengeraftertakingzolpidemresultedinthediversionofaflightboundfortheothersideoftheAtlantic.

5.Zolpidemistheonlysleepmedicationthatdoesn’tcauseaddiction.

6.Thesleep-drivingoccurrenceresultedfromthewronguseofzolpidembyanofficeworker.

Question7-9ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-DandWritetheminboxes7-9onyouranswersheet.

7.HowmanycasesofbizarrebehavioursaredescribedinanofficialreportfromAustralia?

A.68

B.104

C.182

D.240

8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedintheproductinformationaboutzolpidem?

A.Treatmentshouldbestoppedifsideeffectsoccur.

B.Medicationshouldbetakenjustbeforegoingtobed.

C.Adverseeffectsaremorelikelyintheelderly.

D.Sideeffectsincludenightmares,hallucinationsandsleepwalking.

9.Whoclaimedthatthesafetydescriptionofzolpidemwaswellestablished?

A.KennethWright

B.MelissaFeltmann

C.RichardMillman

D.VeraSharav

Questions10-13AnswerthefollowingquestionswithNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSeachinboxes10-13.

10.HowmanytimeswasFrench-madezolpidemprescribedin2022inBritain?

11.Whatkindofhypnoticiszolpidemasadrugwhichpromotesdeepsleepinpatients?

12.Whatcansleepwalkingandsleep-drivingbehaviourscauseaccordingtopatientadvocacygroups?

13.WhatUSadministrationsaysthatithasbeeninvestigatingthecasesrelatingzolpidemtounusualsideeffects?

Answerkeysandexplanations:

1.True

Seepara.3fromthebeginning:Zolpidem,soldunderthebrandnamesAmbien,StilnoctandStilnox,iswidelyprescribedtotreatinsomniaandotherdisorderssuchassleepapnea.

2.False

Seepara.1underthesubtitle“Midnightsnack”:Anothercaseinvolvedawomanwhogained23kilogramsoversevenmonthswhiletakingzolpidem.“Itwasonlywhenshewasdiscoveredinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorwhileasleepthattheproblemwasresolved”…

3.NotGiven

Seepara.2underthesubtitle“Midnightsnack”:TheUK’sMedicinesandHealthcareproductsRegulatoryAgency,meanwhile,hasrecorded68casesofadversereactionstozolpidemfrom2022to2022.(ThetimethedrugwasapprovedintheUKwasnotmentioned.)

4.True

Seepara.3underthesubtitle“Midnightsnack”:Inonecase,atransatlanticflighthadtobedivertedafterapassengercausedhavocaftertakingzolpidem.

5.False

Seepara.2underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”:Hesaysthatunlikeoldertypesofsleepmedications,zolpidemdoesnotcarryasgreatariskofaddiction.

6.NotGiven

Seepara.3underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”:AndWrightnotesthatsomeofthereportsof“sleep-driving”linkedtozolpidemcanbeeasilyexplained:somepatientshavewronglytakenthedrugrightbeforeleavingworkinhopesthatthemedicinewillkickinbythetimetheyreachhome.(Nopatientsasofficeworkersarementionedinthepassage.)

7.C

Seepara.4fromthebeginning:AnewlypublishedreportfromAustralia’sFederalHealthDepartmentdescribes104casesofhallucinationsand62casesofamnesiaexperiencedbypeopletakingzolpidemsincemarketingofthedrugbegantherein2000.Thehealthdepartmentreportalsomentioned16casesofstrangesleepwalkingbypeopletakingthemedication.

8.B

Seethesentenceinpara.2underthesubtitle“Hypnoticeffects”(Theproductinformationforprescribersadvisesthatpsychiatricadverseeffects,includinghallucinations,sleepwalkingandnightmares,aremorelikelyintheelderly,andtreatmentshouldbestoppediftheyoccur.)andthesentenceinpara.3underthesubtitle“Triedandtested”(Doctors“nottheproductinformation”stressthatthemedicat