英語(yǔ)人教版新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)知識(shí)unit

【英語(yǔ)】八年級(jí)下冊(cè)全梳理（Unit3Whatwereyou ngwhentheUFOarrived）知barber

形析：barber（理發(fā)師）shop（商店）義析：theshopinwhichpeoplegettheirhaircutThisisanewbarber【詞析】音析：a讀［］字母組合th讀［，oo讀作［形析：bath（沐?。?room（房間）義析：aroomusedfortakingabathorThebathroomisveryroom的復(fù)合詞很多,例如classroom教室;dining room餐廳;waitingroom候診室,候車(chē)室;bedroom臥室;sittingroom起【詞析】音析：字母組合ar讀作［］,er讀［形析：bar（酒吧）+b+-er（……人）義析：amanwhocutsThisbarberismy1)動(dòng)詞詞尾+-er→名詞(動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者),例如 getout出去;形析：get（到達(dá)）+out（外面）義析：goout,goawayShewillgetoutoftheshowerout的短語(yǔ)很多,例如:takebringout拿出,lookout當(dāng)心,goout出去beout在外面outofworkoutoforder出毛病,outofbreath.【詞析】音析：land為閉音節(jié)詞,字母a讀作[ 形析：形近詞lend（借給）義析：tomakeanedowntothe【典句】Thenewilllandatland還可作名詞,意為“陸地”Hecomesfromafarawayland.takeoff起飛形析：take（拿）+off（脫離）義析：goawayfromtheearthintheair【典句】Thenewilltakeoffattake的固定短語(yǔ)有takedown取下 takealook看一takeaction采取行 takeaway拿takecareof照顧;照 takeexercise運(yùn)takeiteasy慢慢 takeone’sce替takeoff脫 takeone’stime從容,慢慢行takepartin參 taketurns輪takece發(fā) takeup占【詞析】音析：ex讀作［Ｉks］,第二個(gè)e讀作［義析：knowledgeorskillsthataregivenfromngthingsorHehasnotenoughexperienceforthe【拓展】 PleaselusyourexperiencesinYesterdayafternoonFrankHawkinswaslingmeabouthisexperiencesasayoung昨天下午,克·給我講述他年輕時(shí)的經(jīng)歷。2)experience作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),解釋為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。例如：Experienceisveryimportantforteaching.音析：閉音節(jié)詞,i讀作[Ｉ]。形析：kind（種類(lèi)）義析：makeyfullysb.orbelievesth.whichisnotYou’rekid還可用作名詞,意為“小孩”trainstation形析：train（火車(chē)）station（車(chē)站）義析：theceinwhichatrainstopThetrainstationwasbuiltlastrunaway逃跑;形析：run（跑）away（離開(kāi)義析：goawayquickly,especiallyfromabadHeranaway(r)形析：any（任何）+where（什么地方）義析：to,in,oratanyIt’stoolatetogowhere的合成副詞還有:everywhere各處,處處;somewhere某處,在某處;nowhere無(wú)處,到處都無(wú)【詞析】音析：a發(fā)[]音,e在輕讀音節(jié)中讀作［形析：hap+pen（鋼筆）義析：takeAfunnythinghappenedinthesubwaytakece和takece一般指按計(jì)劃發(fā)生【詞析】音析：a讀作[],注意兩個(gè)c字母的不同發(fā)音,不要發(fā)成一個(gè)音。義析：athingwedon’thopetohappenTheaccidenthappenedoutsidemyhearabout形析：hear（聽(tīng)見(jiàn)）about（關(guān)于）義析：getinformationfromothers’talkIhaveneverheardabout我從未聽(tīng)他hearabouthearhearabout意為“聽(tīng)說(shuō)”,后跟所聽(tīng)到的作賓語(yǔ)音析：重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)詞,i發(fā)本音［aＩ］,字母e在輕讀音節(jié)中讀作［義析：noneofnoiseorsoundTheyworkedin【詞析】音析：oy在詞尾發(fā)［］,重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)。形析：de-（分離）+stroy（story）義析：breakandmakeitnotThefiredestroyedallmy【詞析】音析：ea讀作［］,ing讀作［義析：somethingthatisexpressedbyWhat’sthemeaningofthis【詞析】音析：e讀作［］,o讀［形析：here（在這里）義析 whois【典句】ThefootballyerwasPaul’sherowhenhewasat【拓展】以字母o結(jié)尾的名詞,由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),有的在詞尾加-s,有的加-es。例如: SectionA2bThegirlwasshopwhenshesawthealiengetout.那個(gè)看見(jiàn)外星人走出來(lái)時(shí),她正在買(mǎi)東西?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】這是一個(gè)含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,其中主句部分是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),【要點(diǎn)剖析】1)短語(yǔ)seesb.dosth.“看見(jiàn)做了某事”,此處是省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)2)getout意為“出來(lái)”when和whenwhile都表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,但它們有區(qū)別WhenIcamehome,mywifewascookingwhile后面跟的動(dòng)作延續(xù),是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞,所以常常跟過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子。例如:Whilehewaseating,Iaskedhimtolendme$2.SectionA1.Youcanimaginehowstrangeititwas則是一個(gè)感嘆句,意為“多么地奇妙”。感嘆句的基本用法:感嘆句用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的感情,whathow引起,how①What+a/an+形容詞+名詞單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+What形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+:Whatagoodidea(itis)!這主意真好！Whatdeliciousfish!Whatniceflowerstheyare)!Howcolditisoutside!2.Ifollowedittoseewhereitwasgoing,andIwasverysurprisedwhenitwentintoasouvenir【巧解句構(gòu)】這是一個(gè)由andtoseewhereitwasgoing是follow的目的狀語(yǔ),即“跟著它”的目的是“看它要去哪兒”,see后面when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,Iwasverysurprised,表示“當(dāng)……時(shí),我很吃驚”?！疽c(diǎn)剖析】1)句中的wasgoing表示將要去”。在英語(yǔ)中表示趨向意義的動(dòng)詞,如:come,go,fly,arrive等,往往用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)將要發(fā)生的事情。2)gointo表示“進(jìn)入……里”【巧解句構(gòu)】這句話(huà)使用了否定疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序,但其意并非詢(xún)問(wèn),而是感嘆,相當(dāng)于ThatisSectionBWhileLindawasbuyinganewspaperatthetrainstation,thedoggotoutofhisboxandrandoggetoutofhisboxrunaway,由and連接,使用的都是一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示在1)getoutof意為“從……出來(lái)”2)runaway表示“逃跑,跑掉”WhenLindashoutedhisname,somepeoplelookedatherbutDavydidn’t達(dá)喊它的名字時(shí),一些人看著她但沒(méi)有來(lái)but連lookatlookat意為“看”,Whileshewastalkingon ephone,Davymetanotherdogoutsidethe當(dāng)她正在 進(jìn)行時(shí),met是短暫性動(dòng)詞。【要點(diǎn)剖析】talkon ephone意為“ 交談”,介詞on在此表“通過(guò);憑借”IthinkmydogfoundyourIthink用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),指說(shuō)話(huà)人此刻的看法;從mydogfoundyourdog用一般過(guò)去時(shí),指該事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去,即“我的狗找到了你的狗”是一lookfor和lookfor意為“尋找”,SelfItwasdifficulttogetoutof起床是很的it為形式主語(yǔ),todosth.是真正的主語(yǔ),It+be+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.英語(yǔ)中,為了保持句子的平衡,動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常采用這一結(jié)構(gòu)。it是形式主語(yǔ),不可用其他代詞替代,DoyourememberwhatyouwereAlthoughsomepeoplemaynotrememberwhomurderedhim,theyrememberwhattheywerengwhentheyheardabouttheevent.盡管有些人可能不會(huì)記得是誰(shuí)謀殺了他,但他們記得當(dāng)他們聽(tīng)說(shuō)這件事的時(shí)候,語(yǔ)從句中包含一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句whomurderedhim,remember的賓語(yǔ)。主句中同樣含有一個(gè)remember的賓語(yǔ)從句,what一直到句尾,whentheyheardabouttheevent,表示“盡管……,但他們記得當(dāng)他們聽(tīng)說(shuō)這件事的時(shí)候,他們正在做什么”?！疽c(diǎn)剖析】although“盡管;雖然”,是引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。如果英語(yǔ)句子中用了連although,but,yet?！就卣寡由臁坑⒄Z(yǔ)中當(dāng)特殊疑問(wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句部分應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即“主句+特殊Ourteacheraskedustostopwhatwewerengand【巧解句構(gòu)】這句話(huà)使用了asksb.todosth.的結(jié)構(gòu),意為“要做某事”。該句的askedusand連接的不定式,tostopwhatwewereng（stop后帶賓語(yǔ)從句）,另一個(gè)是(to)listen。即先“停下來(lái)”,再“聽(tīng)”。Schoolclosedfortheday,andRobertandhisfriendswalkedhometogetherinand1)walkhome=gohomeonfoot表示“步行回家”2)insilence意為“沉默地,無(wú)聲地”However,inmorerecenttimes,mostAmericansrememberwhattheywerengwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterrorists.然而,在較近的時(shí)候,大多數(shù)人都記得當(dāng)紐約的世界貿(mào)易中心被分子摧毀時(shí),他們有一個(gè)兩層的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):remember的賓語(yǔ)從句,what一直到句尾;when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,并且這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句使用了語(yǔ)態(tài)（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wasdestroyed）,表示“……當(dāng)紐約的世界貿(mào)易中心被分子摧毀時(shí)……”。【拓展延伸】在英語(yǔ)句子中,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),通常用結(jié)構(gòu),其謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成為:be+過(guò)去分詞。在結(jié)構(gòu)中,動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者可以由介詞by引起的短語(yǔ)表示。Notalleventsinhistoryareasterribleasthis,of【巧解句構(gòu)】此句表達(dá)一種不完全否定的含義。英語(yǔ)中當(dāng)否定詞not與both,every,all,everybody等詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中時(shí),只表示部分否定,意思是“并非……”。例如:Noteveryonecanswiminourclass.2)ofcourse意為“當(dāng)然”,certainly連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有,atthattime/moment,(at)thistimeyesterday(lastnight/Sunday/week...),at+點(diǎn)鐘+yesterday(lastnight/Sunday...),whensb.didsth.等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如:IwasngmyatthistimeTheywerewaitingforyouyesterday.Whatwereyoungat pmIwascookingwhensheknockedatthe構(gòu)成肯定形式:主語(yǔ)+was/were+v.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+wasnotwasn’t)/werenotweren’t)+v. 例如Theyweretalkingaboutthefilmateighto’clocklastnight.Theyweren’ttalkingaboutthefilmateighto’clocklastnight.Weretheytalkingaboutthefilmateighto’clocklastnight?Yes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.whenwhen后通常用表示暫短性的動(dòng)詞,while后通常用表示持續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,因此它所引導(dǎo)的WhenIcamehomemymotherwascookingdinner.Whilemymotherwascookingdinner,Icamewhen用作并列連詞時(shí),主句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),從句則用一般過(guò)去時(shí),Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhensomeonecalledwhen作并列連詞,表示“（這時(shí)）突然”時(shí),第一個(gè)并列分句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),when引導(dǎo)的IwastakingawalkwhenImetWewereyingoutsidewhenitbeganto(一)Talkingaboutpasteventswhen和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Whatwas/were...ngWhatwereyoungwhenyourteachercame當(dāng)老師進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),在做什么WhatwasyoursisterngwhenyouwokeWhatwere ngwhenyousawWewerereadingwhenthebellJimwaswatchingTVwhenIcalledhim.當(dāng)我給打時(shí),他正在看電視。Whilehewasreading,theephone Whilewewereeating,theyarrived.(二)Asking1)當(dāng)我們?cè)儐?wèn)對(duì)方或第三者與前面說(shuō)話(huà)內(nèi)容相同的情況時(shí),Howabout...?“Whatabout...?例如—Howare—Fine,thankyou.Whatabout—I’mfortyyearsoldthisyear.Howabout40歲,—I’mfortysix.46—Whatwere ngatteno’clocklast10—Iwasslee.Whatabout— ng Howabout...?還可以用來(lái)向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn),后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式HowaboutacupofHowaboutwatchingTV?E-mailEmail首先要寫(xiě)明收件人(To)的電子郵箱,就像內(nèi)容的概括E-mail時(shí),寫(xiě)信人的電子郵箱一般不需填寫(xiě),因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)诮邮针娮咏酉聛?lái)寫(xiě)電子郵的具體內(nèi)容這和普通件一樣。上角寫(xiě)收信人的及稱(chēng)呼,式信件中稱(chēng)呼后用冒號(hào),寫(xiě)給比較熟悉的人時(shí)用逗號(hào),通常都可在及稱(chēng)呼前加“dea”,如DarXao,Darroeorag。正從稱(chēng)呼一行寫(xiě)起,一段可頂格寫(xiě),可空一個(gè)詞的位置,但從第二段起,必須空一個(gè)詞。最后寫(xiě)結(jié)束語(yǔ)和署名,可以寫(xiě)在右下方,也可緊靠左邊寫(xiě),結(jié)束語(yǔ)第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě),結(jié)束語(yǔ)之后必須加逗號(hào),例如ourorsfafuoursncrey等,,時(shí),-al【任務(wù)導(dǎo)入】假設(shè)你是劉林( ),想給你的英國(guó)朋友杰克 時(shí),正在等你。早晨8:00,乘公共汽車(chē)去公園,11:30回來(lái)。玩得很開(kāi)心?！境Ｓ迷~匯】when,takeTSubject:MySundayLifeDearJack,Howareyou?LastSunday,myclassmatesandIwenttothepark.WhenIgottotheschoolgate,myclassmateswerewaitingforme.Wetookabustotheparkataround8:00.Wehadapartyandclimbedthehilltogether.Whenwegottothetop,wecouldseehowbeautifulourhometownwas.Weshoutedandjumped.Whatagoodtimewehad!Whenwegothome,itwasalreadyeleveno’clock.Wefeltverytired.Wewouldneverforget

例1TheBlacks attablewhenIwentA.is B.were C.was

Liu 此題考查時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別。when引導(dǎo)的是表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句,句子意思是went這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),theBlacks正在做什么,所以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案誤區(qū)警示theBlacks意為“一家人或夫婦二人”,是復(fù)數(shù),因此不能錯(cuò)選成C。深化升華當(dāng)兩個(gè)一長(zhǎng)一短的動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)例2(2010南通模擬)Myfatherwasreadingthenewspaper 思路解析: 由句意可知應(yīng)為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,首先排除C。when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,表一點(diǎn)或一段時(shí)間。heheardaloudshoutoutside為短暫性動(dòng)作。答案誤區(qū)警示本題的誤區(qū)是:while,as和when三個(gè)連詞的區(qū)別,而誤選A或Bwhile,aswhen都表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,但有所區(qū)別。while表一段時(shí)間,3(2010黃岡模擬)NotallteachersagreethatspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternetisgoodforstudents. B.Lots 思路解析 few表否定意義,“幾乎沒(méi)有”;lotsofmany“許多”;some“一些”。本題的誤區(qū)是:notall理解成完全否定“所有的都不”,A深化升華理解并掌握表數(shù)量的形容詞的含義。掌握英語(yǔ)中的不完全否定即all,everything,everyone,both等詞與否定詞連用,表部分否定,而不是全部否定,翻譯成“并不都、例4(2010鹽城模擬)Maryruns ofallthegirlsinherschoolandshewonthe100-metreracelastmonth. 思路解析: 對(duì)副詞詞義的考查:根據(jù)后面的句子shewonthe100metreracelast答案掌握副詞的基本意義:fast“快”;slow“慢”;near“近,不遠(yuǎn)”;high“高”。5閱讀理解(2010重慶模擬Lastsummer,15-year-oldBobhadaproblem.Likealotofchildren,Bobwasinterestedinngmanythings.Helikeddancingmostandwantedtojoinadancinggroup.ButBob’shighschooldidn’thaveaboys’dancinggroupbutagirls’group.Hetriedtojointhegirls’group.Andhemadeit.Bobthoughthisproblemwasoverafterhehadbeenoneofthedancersinthedancinggroup.Butabiggerproblemwasjustbeginning.Theschooldidn’tallowBobtostayinthegirls’group.“IfweletBobstayinthegroup,”theschoolsaid,“otherboyswillwanttojoin.Soon,therewon’tbeanygirlsinthegroup.”TheytookBoboffthegroup.Bobwasveryangryaboutit,sohewenttoajudge().ThejudgesaiditwasnotarightdecisionandtoldtheschooltoletBobgobacktothedancinggroup.Bob’sfavoritewas ItwasdifficultforBobtojointheschooldancinggroupbecause theschoolonlyhadagirls’dancingtheschooldidn’tallowboystothegrouphadenoughdancershewasnotagoodTheschoolworriedthat ifBobstayedinthenobodywouldwatchtheirotherboyswouldj