我的公開課動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)虛擬語氣非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞★動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：、、、體時(shí)一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在doam/is/are+doinghave/has+donehave/has+beendoing過去didwere/was+doinghaddonehadbeen+doing將來will/shall+dowill/shallbe+doingwill/shallhave+donewill/shallhavebeen+doing過去將來would/should+dowould/shouldbe+doingwould/shouldhave+donewould/shouldhavebeen+doing

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。

every…,sometimes,often,usually,onSunday

Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Heisalone.

2)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.

3)表示格言或警句中。

Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

4)表現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idon't

wantsomuch.AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnot

speakwell.Hebelieveshecanachievehisgoaloneday.5)用在以（if,unless,before,assoonas,when,once,themore----themore)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中表將來

I’lltakepartinthegameifitdoesn’train.I’lllethimknowassoonashecomes.

Themorehestudieshard,themoreprogresshewillmake.有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，有些動(dòng)詞也可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Whenyouhavefinishedyourhomework,youcanplayforawhile.6)根據(jù)時(shí)刻表的安排將要發(fā)生的事件，日程一般不可變更，語氣比較肯定，常用的動(dòng)詞有：arrive,leave,come,go,open,close,return,start,begin,end,stop等。

Thetrainsarrivesat18:40.Theshopopensat8a.mandclosesat11.pm.7)以here或there開頭的句子，說明正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，謂語動(dòng)詞不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Getitready.Herecomesabus.

Theregoesthebell.

一般過去時(shí)的用法1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語有：

yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,justnow,in1982,…

Istayed

uplastnight,forIhadalotofhomeworktodo.Wheredidyougojustnow?

2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。

WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.

3）有時(shí)過去的時(shí)間隱含在情景里，含有“剛才，在過去”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已不再這樣。Ihardlyrecognizedyou,Marry.Ididn’tknowyouwerecoming.

（09，全國(guó)I）Edward,youplaysowell.ButI______youplayedthepiano.A.didn'tknowB.hadn'tknownC.don'tknowD.haven'tknown4)用在一些句型里：

Itistimeyouwenttobed.IwishIwereabird.I'dratheryoucametomorrow.

▲比較：

一般過去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。

Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckforsevenyears.

Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)(含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)

■一般將來時(shí)1)表示未來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用will/shall+動(dòng)詞時(shí)間狀語有：tomorrow，nextweek等等。

I’ll

gotoyourcitytomorrow.2)bedoing，表計(jì)劃的將來，常用動(dòng)詞有：go,come,leave,arrive等。

HeisleavingforAmericaonbusinessnextmonth.3)begoingtodo，表示將來。a.主語的打算、意圖，即將做某事。

Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.表示“預(yù)測(cè)”，說明有跡象要發(fā)生的事

Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.4)betodo表將來，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事，或表示要求、命令做某事,在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句中，表示一種愿望。

WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.YouaretofinishtheworkbyFriday.Ifyouaretosucceed,youmustworkhard.5)beabouttodo，意為馬上做某事。

Heisaboutto

leaveforBeijing.注意：示beaboutto不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。-Annisinhospital.-Oh,really?I_____know.I____goandvisither.A.didn't;amgoingtoB.don't;wouldC.don't;willD.didn't;will■現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)▲現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：

a.表示現(xiàn)階段或目前正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

Wearewaitingforyou.

Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovelthismonth.(說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)b.表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get,grow,become,turn,go,等，可表示逐漸，越來越。

Theleavesareturningred.

It's

gettingwarmerandwarmer.c.與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。

Youarealwayschangingyourmind.典型例題：Idon’treallyworkhere;I__________outuntilthenewsectaryarrives.justhelpB.willjusthelpamjusthelpingD.justhelped

從第一句可知，我并不是真的在這里工作，由此判斷我只是臨時(shí)在幫忙一直到新秘書到來為止。所以它表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。故C為正確答案。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定的時(shí)間可用時(shí)間狀語連用。如：atthattime;at8o’clocklastnight;thistimeyesterday;when…Iwashavingbreakfastat7:30thismorning.Theywerehavingadiscussionthewholemorningyesterday.

典型例題：

-----“Sorrytohaveinterruptyou,pleasegoon.”-------WherewasI?------“You_________youdidn’tlikeyourfather’sjob.”A.hadsaidB.saidC.weresayingD.hadbeensaying

■過去將來時(shí)：表示過去某一時(shí)刻以后將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)，常用在賓語從句中。thenextweek，如：

YesterdaywedecidedthatweshouldgotoShanghainextweek.Shesaidshewouldwaitformeattheschoolgate.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：have(has)+過去分詞。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與一些時(shí)間狀語連用,如：already;yet;just;before;recently;lately

;等。1)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。如：

IhavejustcomebackfromAmerica.Hehas

already

postedmyletter.2)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)自過去某一時(shí)間開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與since，for,sofar,upto\tillnow,in/during/forthepast(last)fewyears,等連用。如：Hehasbeenillsincelastmonth.Herfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.注意：含有瞬間意義的動(dòng)詞如join,die,leave,receive,buy,arrive等，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，例如：HehasjoinedtheArmyfor5years(×)HehasbeenintheArmyfor5years.(√)Itis/hasbeen5yearssincehejoinedtheArmy.(√)Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（×）

Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.（√）

注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….theonly---that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.ItistheonlydetectivenovelthatIhaveeverread.2）Thisisthe…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).

ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.

這是我看過的最好的電影。

■過去完成時(shí)

構(gòu)成:had+過去分詞1)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前，即“過去的過去”。在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。

Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIgottothestation.2)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,plan等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…“Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.3)過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before,bytheendof,bythetime,when。HesaidthathehadlearnedsomeEnglishbefore.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbegantomakealivingbyhimself.

注意：nosooner…than;hardly----when剛…就…NosoonerhadheboughtthecarthanhesolditHardlyhadhearrivedatthestationwhenthetelephonerang.■現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示從過去的某一時(shí)刻始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)過程。如：

Hehasbeenworkingattheschoolfor30years.他一直在這個(gè)學(xué)校工作了三十年。▲過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過去時(shí)表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。Hewaswritingabooklastyear.(表示此書可能尚未寫成）Hewroteabooklastyear。.(表示此書已經(jīng)寫完）▲比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1）過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去動(dòng)作已完成；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

舉例：

Isawthisfilmyesterday.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）

Ihaveseenthisfilm.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）

Theyhaveworkedtogetherfortenyears.(可能仍在合作，也可能剛剛結(jié)束合作）

Theyworkedtogetherfortenyears.(過去曾一起合作，但現(xiàn)在已不在一起工作）

▲現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著眼于過去發(fā)生或開始的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則著眼于現(xiàn)在以前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行的過程本身。

Ihavebeenreadingthebookforthewholeday.我整天一直在讀這本書。（一直不停地讀，沒有說明是否讀完。）

Ihavereadthebook.我讀過這本書了。（說明讀過或讀完了。）

■將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示將來某時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者按照計(jì)劃要做的事情。如：Atthistimetomorrowweshallbewaitingforyouhere.明天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們?cè)谶@兒等你?！鰧硗瓿蓵r(shí)：表示將來某一時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。如：Whenyoucometonightat8o’clock,Ishallhavereviewedtenlessons.你今晚十點(diǎn)回來時(shí)，我已復(fù)習(xí)完十課書。

ThePassiveVoice

被動(dòng)語態(tài)■動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)體現(xiàn)：

體時(shí)一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在am/is/are+doneam/is/arebeing+donehave/hasbeen+done過去was/were+donewere/wasbeing+donehadbeen+done將來will/shallbe+donewill/shallhavebeen+done過去將來would/shouldbe+donewould/shouldhavebeen+done語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)eat/eatsam/is/are+eaten一般過去時(shí)atewas/were+eaten一般將來時(shí)will+eatwillbe+eaten過去將來時(shí)would+eatwouldbe+eaten過去完成時(shí)had+eatenhadbeen+eaten現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+eatenhave/hasbeen+eaten將來完成時(shí)willhave+eatenwillhavebeen+eaten現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+eatingam/is/are+being+eaten過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+eatingwas/were+being+eaten1.Bananas

aregrown

inHainan.(海南種植香焦。）2.Manymoretrees

willbeplanted

inourschoolnextyear.（我們學(xué)校明年將種更多的樹。）3.Were

thetrees

planted

byhim?這些樹是他種的嗎？4.Youngtrees

mustbelookedafter.

(必須照看好小樹）5.Thebuilding

isbeingbuilt.(那棟樓房正在建設(shè)中。）6.Thehomework

hasbeenfinished

yet.（家作已經(jīng)做完了。）1.Heteaches

English

inourschool.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換賓提前變主，主變介by賓，被動(dòng)be加done,時(shí)態(tài)看主動(dòng)2.We

plantedmanytreeslastyears.Manytrees

wereplanted

byuslastyear.過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：was/were+P.P3.We

shouldplantmanymoretrees.Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+PP4.ShewillteachClass6.Class6willbetaughtbyher.將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：Will/shall+be+PP5.Manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.Satelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語:Have/has+been+PP現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：is+being+pp6.SheisteachingClass6.Class6isbeingtaughtbyher.I

wasgiven

abook

byher.Abook

wasgiven

tome

byher.7.Shegave

me

abook.如遇雙賓語，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…）8.Hemademe

do

thework.

Iwasmade

todo

theworkbyhim.這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中to離開，被動(dòng)句中to回來。（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…)9.They

takegoodcareof

thebaby.Thebabyis

takengoodcareof

bythem.注意：含動(dòng)詞詞組的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，須將其看作一個(gè)整體，不可把它們分隔開來。將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，每空一詞。

1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.

Thework_______________intwodays.

2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.

Silk___________inSuzhou.

3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.

AnEnglishsong_______________bythechildren.

4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.

It___________________byyounow.

5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.

ANewYearCard____________mebyLucylast

week.

6.Hemademedothatforhim.

I__________________thatforhim.

7.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.

Thisbook_________________tothelibrary.canbefinishedisproducedwillbesungneedn’tbedonewassenttowasmadetodohasbeengivenAtrafficaccident________(happen)justnow.happened2.連系動(dòng)詞（Link.v.)

如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds1.不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.)

如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：3.表示主語的某種屬性的詞：read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，look，shut等。Thebookssellwell.這些書暢銷。Thedoorwon’tlock.門鎖不上。Thiscoatdrieseasily.這種外衣容易干。4.某些作表語(expensive,cheap,difficult,fit,hard,light,heavy,easy等形容詞后，用不定式形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Theboxistooheavytolift.Sheiseasytogetalongwith.

Heishardtoplease.Thepassageisdifficulttoread.Theairishardtobreathe.5.want,need,require,deserve和beworth等詞的后面可以用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thebookisworthreading.Thebike

requiresrepairing/toberepaired.Thechildrenneedslookingafter/tobelookedafter.Thetablewantscleaning/tobecleaned.Thethiefdeservespunishing/tobepunished.1.Largenumbersofplasticbags_________(us