高中英語時態(tài)語態(tài)講解及習(xí)題

高中英語時態(tài)語態(tài)講解及習(xí)題高中英語時態(tài)語態(tài)講解及習(xí)題高中英語時態(tài)語態(tài)講解及習(xí)題合用文檔時態(tài)與語態(tài)一．一般現(xiàn)在時，表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作和狀態(tài)，常有的時間狀語包括sometimes,often,usually,always，occasionally,nowandthen,onweekends,onSundays,everyweek/month/year等Shealwaystakesawalkintheevening.Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實及自然現(xiàn)象和諺語格言中，此用法即便出現(xiàn)在過去語境中，也用一般現(xiàn)在時。Themoongoesaroundtheearth.Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必敗Hesaidtheearthisround.2.主句是一般將來時,由when，after,before,assoonas,theminute,whenever等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語和由if,unless,solongas,once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語和however,evenif等引導(dǎo)的退步狀語從句中一般用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：l’llgothereafterIfinishmywork.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.Iwilltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.Evenifitrainstomorrow,thesportsmeetingwilltakeplace.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少許動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。比方：Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Therecomesthebus.汽車來了。Hereshecomes.她來了。4.Butforthefactthat從句中，that從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)要依照句子謂語所表示的時間而定。ButforthefactthatheButforthefactthatyou二、一般過去時

isbusynow,hewouldbehere.wereill,Iwouldhavehadyouprintthepapers.表示過去的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)或許某個人過去的經(jīng)歷，與現(xiàn)在沒關(guān)，常用的時間狀語有yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday,anhourago,theotherday,lastmonth/year,justnow,in1982,intheolddays,inthepast,whenIwasyoung,whenIwasinLondon,whenIwasachild等Ireceivedtwoletterslastweek.TheOlympicGameswereheldinBeijingin2008.WhenIwasinBeijing,IoftenwenttoBeijinguniversity.表示某人過去的經(jīng)歷----Haveyougraduatedfromtheuniversity?-----Yes,IlearnedEnglishfor4yearsintheuniversity.文案大全合用文檔----Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,I________(finish)itwithinhaldanhour.I______(be)inLondonfor10years,butIhaveneverregrettedreturningtoCend,wonder,think,realize等用過去時，表示說話人原來沒有想到，打算，想到等Ithoughtyouwereastudent.Ididn’tthink/realizeyoufailedagain.Ididn’tintendtohurtyou.3.usedtodosth/woulddosth過去經(jīng)常做某事Weusedtospendourvacationinthemountains句型1）.Itis(high)timesbdidsth/Itistimethatsbshoulddosth.某人該干某事了。Itistimeyouwenttobed..Wouldrathersbdidsth情愿某人做某事，用于對現(xiàn)在和將來時間的虛假。Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow/now.3).Would/should/oughtto/could/might/needn’t/wouldliketohavedonesth,but句型中，but后邊的謂語動詞需用一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時。a.Heshouldhaveturnedupbuthehadanunexpectedvisitor.b.---Didyouattendtheparty?----Iwouldhave(attendedtheparty)butIwasbusy.=Iwasbusyotherwise/orIwouldhaveattendedtheparty.=IhadplannedtoattendthepartybutIwasbusy.=Iwasgoingtoattendtheparty,butIwasbusy.4).Wouldyoumindifsbdidsth?若是干某事，你介懷嗎？WouldyoumindifIopenedthedoor?三．一般將來時/過去將來時一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。常有的時間狀語有next,tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,in+時間段，before+時間點，inthefuture等.1.will/shalldosth1）表示事物的固有屬性或許必定的趨勢；Fishwilldiewithoutwater.will表示將來，有時含有時性和臨時性決定的意思。DoyouknowMr.Smithhascometoourtown?----No,Iwillgoandvisithimrightnow.begoingtodosth文案大全合用文檔1）表示起初考慮過，計劃打看作某事，注意劃分一下will表示臨時性決定的用法。HeisgoingtospeakonTvthisevening.2）表示依照現(xiàn)在的跡象對將來進(jìn)行推斷。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.注意：wasgoingto表示過去本打看作某事，但未做----Tom,youdidn’tcometothepartylastnight?----Iwasgoingto,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.3.bedoingsth有些動詞如come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,return等，其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示按計劃、安排近期將要發(fā)生的動作。I’mleavingforBeijingnextmonth.4.beabouttodosth/beonthepointofdoingsth(when)“立刻干某事(這是突然)”該構(gòu)造不與詳細(xì)的時間狀語連用，但能夠和并列連詞when連用。Thetrainisabouttostart.Theplanisonthepointoftakingoff.5.某些動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時能夠表示計劃、安排將要做的事情，此種用法經(jīng)常用于火車時刻、飛機時刻、電影開演、作息安排等時刻表上。Wemusthurryup.Thefirstclassbeginsat8o’clock.Thetrainleavesat5andarrivesat8.6.betodosth1).表示按計劃或安排要做的事Sheistogetmarriednextmonth.注意：were/wastohavedonesth表示未曾實現(xiàn)的計劃。Weweretohavetoldyou,butyouwerenotin.2)表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”，相當(dāng)于should,oughtto.Youaretoreportittothepolice.表示“想，打算”,相當(dāng)于intend,want.Ifwearetobetherebeforeten,we’llhavetogonow.四．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/aredoingsth表示說話時正在發(fā)生的動作，有時也表示一段時間內(nèi)連續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作，常有的時間狀語為:now,atpresent,thesedays等Iamwritinganovelthesedays.I’mdoingawordpuzzleinthisnewspaper.1)與always,constantly,continually,forever,allthetime等連用，帶有厭惡、責(zé)怪、不喜歡、贊美等感情色彩。Youarealwaysputtingyourthingsaround.Heisalwayshelpingothers.以下四類動詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時文案大全合用文檔感覺類：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear等Thesouptastesgood.感情類：like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore等Ilovemydadandmum.心態(tài)類：wish.Hope,want,need,believe,understand,agree,know,remember,forget等Idon’tbelievemyeyes.存在狀態(tài)類：appear,lie,remain,belong,have等ThosebooksbelongtoMr.Li.連續(xù)性動作用進(jìn)行體，短暫性動作用一般體，一個連續(xù)性動作為背景，被一個短暫性動作打斷Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbikeandhurthimself.Asshewasreadingthenewspaper,Grannyfellasleep.五．過去進(jìn)行時was/weredoingsth表示過去某一時間或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。-----IsthereanythingWrongBob?Youlooksad.----Oh,nothingmuch.InfactIwasjustthinkingofmyfriendbackhome.-----Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.-----WherewasI?-----Youweresayingyoudidn’tlikeyourfather’sjob.3.-----Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?-----Oh,I’mterriblysorry.Iwasn’tnoticing.六．將來進(jìn)行時willbedoingsth表示將來某時正在進(jìn)行的動作或許存在的狀態(tài)。1).DoctorWangwillbegivinganothertalkonthissubjectatthesametimenextweek.2).ThistimetomorrowIwillbewatchingyouplayonTV.3).Don’ttelephonemeafter8-------Iwillbehavingameeting.七．現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時have/hasdonesth表示過去某個動作已經(jīng)達(dá)成，或許過去開始的動作素來連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，重申對現(xiàn)在的影響，常有的時間狀語有for,since+過去時間，sincethen,eversince,sofar,bynow/untilnow/uptonow,lately/recently,inthepast/last(tenyears),還有already,just,yet,neverever,still等常跟現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時連用。Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Hehaswritten8bookssofar.Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.Theyhaveworkedheresincetheyleftcollege.Bynow/Untilnow/Uptonow,Ihasremembered3000Englishwords.1).在“最高等+名詞”的句子中用用現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時文案大全合用文檔Thisisthebesttea(that)Ihaveeverdrunk.ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen.2).It/Thisisthefirst/secondtime(that)sbhavedonesth某人第幾次做某事Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavecomehere.3)It+hasbeen/is+一段時間+sincesbdidsth表示動作從停止已經(jīng)多久了。Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他不在這工作已經(jīng)5年了。Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehebegantoworkhere.他在這工作已經(jīng)五年了。Ithasbeen3yearssincehesmoked.他不抽煙已經(jīng)三年了。4).have/hasgoneto到某地去了,還未回來have/hasbeento從前到過某地,人已回來——WhereisLiHua?－Hehasgonetothereading-room.——SheknowsalotaboutShanghai.－Shehasbeenthere.5).非連續(xù)性動詞連用，即剎時動詞，join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等，在達(dá)成時態(tài)中，其必定式不能夠和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如他參軍已經(jīng)三年了可采用:1）“ago法”：Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.2）“連續(xù)法”：Hehasservedinthearmyforthreeyears.Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.3）“since法”：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.翻譯：他和瑪麗成婚已經(jīng)三年了連續(xù)性動詞與非連續(xù)性動詞之間的變換：成婚marry---bemarried借borrow----keep;買buy-----have走開leave---beaway死亡die---bedead;結(jié)束finish／end／stop----beover患病fallill---beill；起床getup-----beup；感冒catch／getacold----haveacold；來/去come/gohere----behere/there；成為become----be；回來comeback-----beback；睡著fallasleep-----beasleep；抵達(dá)getto/arrive/reach---be(in)；認(rèn)識gettoknow----know；出去go(get)out----beout；穿puton----wear；去外國goabroad---beabroad;醒wakeup---beawake封閉turnoff-----beoff翻開turnon----beon出發(fā)leavefor----beofffor文案大全合用文檔睡覺gotosleep---beasleep翻開/封閉open/closesth---keepsthopen/closed；參加join-----bein+組織機構(gòu)或beamemberof+組織機構(gòu)；上學(xué)gotoschool-----beinschool／beastudent;交朋友makefriendswith------befriendswith扔掉lose-----belost／bemissing／begone;失業(yè)loseone'sjob／work-----beoutofwork／ajob等八．過去達(dá)成時haddonesth表示“過去的過去”，必定找過去的時間作為參照點，常有的時間狀語有before，by+過去時間,bytheendof+過去時間，bythetime+過去時間,bythen,untilthen等。HehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheinstitute.Hesaidthathehadbeenabroadfor3years.By1998，hehadstudiedFrenchfor2years.Bytheendoflastyear,Ihadremembered5000words.BythenhehadlearnedEnglishfor3years.Untilthenhehadknownnothingaboutityet.Bythetimehearrivedhome,hismotherhadcookedsupperforhim.Bythetimehewas12yearsold,hehadbuiltalabforhimself.1).表示夢想、打算的詞如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,wish,suppose等，其過去達(dá)成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的夢想或妄圖。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthatmoment.2).Hardly/Scarcely/Barelyhadsbdonesthwhen.;Nosoonerhadsbdonesththan.一就HardlyhadIgoneoutwhenitbegantorain.3)Itwasthefirsttime(that)sbhaddonesth這是某人第幾次干某事ItwasthefirsttimehehadbeentotheGreatWall.九.現(xiàn)在達(dá)成進(jìn)行時have/hasbeendoingsth(過去→現(xiàn)在→將來)用來表示從過去某一時刻開始素來連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或此后還要連續(xù)一去）的動作。例如：Hehasbeendoingthemathsproblemssince8:00.Ithasbeenrainingfortwodays.十．將來達(dá)成時willhavedonesthBy+現(xiàn)在時間have/hasdonesthBy+過去時間haddonesthBy+將來時間willhavedone1).Bytheyearof2019,wewillhaveenteredtheuniversity.2).Bythetimemyfathercomesback,Iwillhavefinishedthework.文案大全合用文檔比較：Bythetimemyfathercameback,Ihadfinishedthework.Bynow,Ihavefinished5000Englishwords.十一.易混時態(tài)的差異一般過去時與現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時的差異問題這兩個時態(tài)的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時重視說明的是這個過去發(fā)生的動作同現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系、對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，所以，它不能夠和表示過去時間的狀語連用；而一般過去時只重視說明這個動作是在過去某時發(fā)生的，其實不表示這個過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，更談不上什么結(jié)果和影響，所以，它能夠和表示過去時間的狀語連用。比方：(1)IlivedinBeijingforfiveyearsbetween1991and1996.(2)IhavelivedinBeijingfor5yearssofar.[典型例題1]---Nicetoseeyouback!Howlong_____you_____inRussia?---4months.A.did;stayB.have;stayedC.have;beenstayingD.do;stay［典型例題2］---HaveyougraduatedfromBeijingUniversity?---Yes.I______therefor4years.A.havestudiedB.studiedC.hadstudiedD.havebeenstudying參照答案：AB一般過去時與過去達(dá)成時的差異問題這兩個時態(tài)都和現(xiàn)在沒相關(guān)系，都表示過去的動作。但一般過去時只波及一個純過去的動作；而過去達(dá)成時指的是相關(guān)于過去的某一特準(zhǔn)時間，更早發(fā)生的動作。即過去達(dá)成時最少波及兩個動作。以下幾個例句均是過去達(dá)成時的典型句例。WhenIgottotheparty,manyofthemhadleftforhome.Whenhewasreadytohandinhistestpaper,theteacherhadleft.TheticketsforthefashionshowhadbeensoldoutbeforeIheardaboutit.[典型例題1]---WasTomtherewhenyouarrived?---Yes,buthe______homesoonafterwards.A.hadgoneB.hasgoneC.isgoingD.went[典型例題2]Thetrafficaccidentwouldn’thavehappenedyesterday,butthedriver____reallycareless.A.hadbeenB.isC.wereD.was[典型例題3]---ThereturnedChinesescholarhasbecomeoneofthetopexpertsinthisfield.---Yes.Iknowhimverywell.He_____inAfricawithwildanimalsforeightyears.A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.workedD.hasbeenworking參照答案：DDC一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的差異問題只管兩個時態(tài)所表示的動作都發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在，可是一般現(xiàn)在時重申的是一種“常態(tài)”，一種沒有時間階段特點的、牢固的狀態(tài)。而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時則表示的是現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)，不能夠保證過文案大全合用文檔去可否這樣，也不能夠保證此后怎樣，有顯然的階段性。比方：IworkinNewYork.我在紐約工作。（表示我的固定工作地址就是紐約。）IamworkinginNewYork.我正在紐約工作。（表示這一段時間，我在紐約上班。可能聽話人知道說話人從前其實不在那里工作。而說話人自己對此后的工作地址也沒有掌握。）[典型例題1]I____ping-pangquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.playedB.willplayC.haveplayedD.play[典型例題2]---Yoursonlookstoothinforhisage.---Hecouldhavegainedmoreweight.Buthe_____much.A.isn’teatingB.doesn’teatC.haven’teatenD.hadn’teaten參照答案：DB4.一般過去時與過去進(jìn)行時的差異問題只管二者所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但一般過去時重視重申報告過去做過什么事情，是有結(jié)果的。而過去進(jìn)行時僅表示過去某一點時間上，一個動作正在進(jìn)行，有什么樣的結(jié)果不得而知。比方：Tysonwrotethreeletterslastnight.(表示太森寫了三封信，暗指都已寫完。)Tysonwaswritingaletterlastnight.(表示我可是見他寫信來著，其他就不知道了。)[典型例題1]ThereportersaidthattheUFO_____easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel[典型例題2]---Hasyourbrotherfinishedwiththatbook?---Ihavenoidea.He______itlastnight.A.readB.wasreadingC.havereadD.hadbeenread參照答案：AB5.現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時與現(xiàn)在達(dá)成進(jìn)行時的差異問題havedone與havebeendoing看起來差不多，其實，他們的重視點不同樣樣?，F(xiàn)在達(dá)成時重視指已有的結(jié)果或已有的影響；而現(xiàn)在達(dá)成進(jìn)行時則重申過程。比方：Ihaverepairedyourcar.（重申你的車修睦了，你能夠開走了。）Ihavebeenrepairingyourcar.(重申我素來在給你修車，所以很累或沒做其他事。)[典型例題]---Youhaven’tfinishedyourhomeworkyet,haven’tyou?No,I______itthewholemorning.A.havebeendoingB.havedoneC.haddoneD.did參照答案：A過去達(dá)成時與現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時的差異這兩種時態(tài)都常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，但現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時表示的是連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在相關(guān)的動作（句中不能有表示過去特準(zhǔn)時間的狀語），而過去達(dá)成時表示的是在過去某時從前已經(jīng)達(dá)成或連續(xù)到過去某時的動作（句中可有表示過去特準(zhǔn)時間的狀語）。比較下面的說法：文案大全合用文檔Shehadbeenillforaweekbeforeshecameback.(“回來”發(fā)生在過去某一時間，“患病”發(fā)生在這一時間從前，即過去的過去。)Shehasbeenillforaweek.(現(xiàn)在仍舊病著)十二.動詞時態(tài)的響應(yīng)1.主句是一般將來時,由when，after,before,assoonas,theminute,whenever等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語和由if,unless,solongas,once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語和however,evenif等引導(dǎo)的退步狀語從句中一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時)表示將來。Whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.IwillgowithyouassoonasIhavefinishedmybook.2.含賓語從句的時態(tài)一致的問題1）若是主句的謂語為現(xiàn)在時或許將來時，賓語從句的謂語從句的謂語能夠不受影響。Hesayshisfatheris/was/willbeateacher.Theywilltellyouthattheyareliving/lived/willlive/havelivedinShanghai.）若是主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞一般需用過去的某種時態(tài)，即一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去達(dá)成時，過去達(dá)成進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去將來進(jìn)行時等。Iwassurehewasinbed.Hethoughthewasworkingforthepeople.Iwonderedifshehadgotwell.Hewantedtoknowwhatshehadbeendoing.IhopedIwouldfindajobsoon.Ithoughtshewouldbegoingbybus.語態(tài)一．被動語態(tài)的組成現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般am/is/aredoneWas/weredoneWill/shallbeWould/shouldbedonedone進(jìn)行am/is/arebeingWas/werebeing-------------donedone達(dá)成have/hasbeendoneHadbeendoneWill/shallhaveWould/shouldbeendonehavebeendone達(dá)成進(jìn)have/hasbeenhadbeenbeing------------行beingdonedone被動語態(tài)的用法1）不知道誰是動作的履行者，或沒必要指明誰是動作的履行者。-----Thewindowisdirty.文案大全合用文檔------Iknow.Ithasn’tbeencleanedforweeks.2)需要重申或突出動作的承受者或事件自己，如;Alltheemployeesexceptthemanagerareencouragedtoworkonlineathome.在文章標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞中Girlswanted!找女工！Five-year-oldBoyKidnapped!五歲的男童碰到綁架。4）當(dāng)動作的履行者不是人時。Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruitandvegetables.注意：1)被動構(gòu)造中切不能扔掉后邊的介詞或許副詞。Thatoldmanwasoftenlaughedat.Badhabitshavebeendoneawaywith.Theplanwillbegivenup.“get+過去分詞”能夠表示被動Shegotmarriedlastweek.Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.Hefelloffthecarandgotkilled.主動形式表被動意義：1).表示狀態(tài)特點的系動詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear組成的系表構(gòu)造。比方：Yourexcusesoundsgoodbutitcan’tbetrue.Jackproved(tobe)agoodtourguideduringthelongjourney.Thesoupsmellsperfectbuttastesterrible.2).表示主語某種屬性、特點的動詞如read,write,sell,act,wash,clean,wear,open,lock,shut,dry等,常與well和easily連用。比方：Shakespeare’sbookssellwell.莎士比亞的書賣的很不錯。Thiskindofmaterialwasheseasily,soitsavesmuchwater.這種布料很簡單洗，所以能節(jié)儉很多水。Don’twasteyourtime.Thedoordoesn’tlockatall.別浪費時間了，這門根本鎖不上。Thiscoatdrieseasily.這件外套簡單干。Nyloncleanseasily.尼龍簡單洗潔凈。Yourspeechreadswell.你的演講講得很好。Thismaterialhaswornthin.這個資料已經(jīng)磨薄了。Thematchwon’tcatch.這根火柴擦不著。Theplanworkedoutwonderfully.這項計劃進(jìn)展得很好。3).Sthneed/want/requiredoingtobedone.Yourdeskneedstidying.你的課桌該整理了。文案大全合用文檔Thiskindofflowersre