英語各種詞性前后綴及習(xí)題

英語各種詞性前后綴及習(xí)題各種詞性前后綴1.常見前綴前綴含義例詞en-使可能enrich豐富enable使能夠，使有機(jī)會(huì)enlarge擴(kuò)大dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不滿意disappear消失disagree不同意dishonesty不誠實(shí)disadvantage不利條件un-不unable不能夠unlucky不幸的unhappy不開心的un+v.做相反動(dòng)作undress脫衣服unload卸貨uncover揭開in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive不活躍的incorrect不正確的impolite不禮貌的impossible不可能的immoral不道德的irregular不規(guī)則的irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的illogical不合邏輯的illegal非法的non-不，非non-existent不存在的non-stop直達(dá)的,連續(xù)不斷的mis-錯(cuò)誤的，壞的misunderstand誤解mislead誤導(dǎo)misfortune厄運(yùn),不幸Re-重復(fù)，再rewrite重寫,remarry再婚super-在上面，超級supermarket超市supermodel超級名模superstar超級明星under-在……之下underestimate低估underground地下的inter-相互，之間international國際的interact交流,合作,相互作用semi-半semifinal半決賽semicircle半圓semi-conscious半昏迷半清醒的multi-多，多種multi-national多國的multi-colored多種顏色的multi-cultural多文化的kilo-千kilometer千米,公里kilogram千克tele-遠(yuǎn)telephone電話television電視a-在……上/里向…….aboard在船/火車/飛機(jī)上ahead在前面aside向旁邊abroad在國外2.名詞后綴后綴含義例詞n.+er相關(guān)的人farmer農(nóng)夫officer官員v.+er從事某種職業(yè)、進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)的人teacher教師worker工人reader讀者writer作家地點(diǎn)名詞+er住在某處的人Londoner倫敦人villager村民-ess女……actress女演員hostess女主人-or同er-conductor售票員visitor游客inventor發(fā)明家actor演員survivor幸存者editor編輯-ar同er-beggar乞丐-ese某國人,某國語Chinese中國人,漢語Japanese日本人,日語-ian從事某職業(yè)的人musician音樂家physician醫(yī)師,內(nèi)科醫(yī)生-ist從事某職業(yè)的人scientist科學(xué)家dentist牙醫(yī)pianist鋼琴家artist藝術(shù)家communist共產(chǎn)主義者socialist社會(huì)主義者-ment行為的結(jié)果argument爭論judgment判斷-ness狀態(tài),情況,特征happiness幸福illness疾病-tion動(dòng)作,行為dictation聽寫preparation準(zhǔn)備-ship身份,狀態(tài)leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)friendship友誼citizenship國籍；公民權(quán)-anceacceptance接受appearance外表；出現(xiàn)-enceconfidence信息reference參考n.+ful以該名詞容量為單位的量glassful一杯mouthful一口plateful一盤spoonful一羮匙-alrefusal拒絕denial抵賴arrival到達(dá)approval贊成；批準(zhǔn)burial埋葬；葬禮survival幸存-ydifficulty困難possibility可能性-ismsocialism社會(huì)主義materialism唯物主義3.形容詞后綴后綴例詞-alindustrial工業(yè)的national國家的,民族的-anEuropean歐洲的American美國的,美洲的-erneastern東方的northern北方的southern南方的-ablereasonable合理的believable可相信的unbearable難以忍受的-fulcareful仔細(xì)的,小心的cheerful興高采烈的beautiful美麗的-ishchildish孩子般的selfish自私的foolish愚蠢的-iveactive活躍的,積極的creative創(chuàng)造性的destructive破壞的；毀滅性的-ythirsty口渴的dirty臟的windy有風(fēng)的-engolden金色的,金的wooden木的,木質(zhì)的woolen羊毛的-ouscontinuous持續(xù)的various各種各樣的-aryimaginary幻想的revolutionary革命的-icrealistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的historic歷史的-sometroublesome麻煩的lonesome孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的-likechildlike孩子般的,單純的womanlike女人般的-lyfriendly友好的lovely可愛的-lesscareless粗心的harmless無害的homeless無家可歸的useless無用的4.動(dòng)詞后綴后綴含義例詞-en使……成為,使……具有widen加寬sharpen削尖deepen加深strengthen加強(qiáng)shorten縮短soften軟化quicken加快adj.+ize使……變成,使……化Americanize美國化civilize使開化modernize現(xiàn)代化nationalize國有化-y使……化beautify美化simplify簡化5.副詞后綴-ly是最常見的副詞后綴,可以附加在形容詞后，構(gòu)成與原形容詞意義相同的副詞。如：slowly緩慢地happily高興地truly真實(shí)地wholly全部地simply純粹地練習(xí)1.動(dòng)詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,如果所給單詞是其它詞類,就要將其改為名詞,并注意名詞數(shù)的變化。(1)Doyouknowthe______(deep)oftheriver?(2)His_____(careful)resultedintheterribleaccident(3)Heisoneofthe______(science)whosupportthistheory.答案：(1)depth(2)carelessness(3)scientists2.動(dòng)詞、介詞后一般接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,如果所給單詞為動(dòng)詞，就要看該動(dòng)詞是否有名詞形式，如果有名詞形式，就用其名詞形式；如果該動(dòng)詞沒有名詞形式，就用其動(dòng)名詞。如：(1)Pleasepay________(attend)toyourhandwriting.(2)His_______(arrive)madethesituationworse.(3)Theteacherwasangryatmy_________(come)late.答案：(1)attention(2)arrival(3)coming3.動(dòng)詞前后、形容詞前后可有副詞。如果所需詞為副詞時(shí),還要考慮副詞級的變化。如：(1)Theboyran______(quick)toschool.(2)“What’sthat?”Fathershouted______(angry).(3)Thelittlegirlis______（extreme）eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam。(4).Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”______(height).答案：(1)quickly(2)angrily(3)extremely(4)higher4.在名詞前作定語，在系動(dòng)詞后做表語，以及作主語或賓語的補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，通常要用形容詞如果所需詞為形容詞時(shí),還要考慮形容詞級的變化。(1)What’sthe________(width)riverintheworld?(2)The_______(strength)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.答案：(1)widest(2)stronger5即時(shí)訓(xùn)練單句填空：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Marywasvery______atthenews,soshelooked______atherhusband,hereyesfullof______(sad).2.He________footballverywellandhewasoneofthebest______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)3.Look!How________Kateislaughing!Sheseemstobethe______girlintheworld(happy).4.Toour______,theheadmasterwasvery______withourreport.(satisfy)5.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany______.(invent)6.Ishould________mytaskandmakeit________tofinishit.(simple)7.Theboyhavingthe________ofbeinghalfstarved________,nevertobeseenagain.(appear)8.Thepolice_____thepotand______aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)9.Youareso_______tohelpme.Thankyouforyour________.(kindly)10.Everythingisbecoming____________thanbeforeandmanycollegestudentshadtoworktomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_____________.(expend)語篇填空：用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空ARaftingisan___1__(excite)adventure.Araftisasmallboatthatyoucanusetopaddledownriversandstreams.Raftingisagoodwaytoexperience___2___(natural).Ifyouwantanormalraftingtrip,chooseaquietstreamorriverthatiswideandhasfewfallentreesorrocks.Ifyouarelookingformore___3___（excite）,youmaywanttotrywhitewaterrafting.Whitewaterraftingis___4___（adventure）

and___5___(difficulty)thannormalrafting.Itisdoneonriversandstreamswherethewatermoves___6___(quick).Youhavetobe___7___(care)nottohitrocks,treesandother___8___(dangerous).Thename“Whitewater”comesfromthefactthatthewaterinthesestreamsandriverslookswhitewhenitmovesquickly.BSteveJonesisan___1___(environment)expertwhotriestokeepanimalsandplantsfrom___2___(become)endangered.Ifweknowmoreaboutwhatcauses___3___(danger),wemaybeabletotakemeasuresbeforeitistoolate.Aspeciescanbecome___4___(endanger)for___5___(differ)reasons.Animalsandplantsmusthaveahabitatorhome,whichis___6___(comfort)andclean,andwherethereisenoughfoodand