基本專業(yè)知識橋梁工程第一章

BridgesintheWorld

2011-3-30

BridgesintheWorld

KintaiBridgeinJapan

ChapelBridgeinSwitzerland

始建于1333年

1993 火災(zāi)后重建

AqueductofSe iainSpain

RomanAlcantaraBridge

Spain,AD104～106

6孔半圓形石拱橋，最大跨度

28.2m，橋上有石拱門，橋面高出谷地53m

WorldHeritageBridge

ThePonteSant’AngeloBridgeinRome

建于公元134年， Tiber河

1688年，在欄桿柱上增加了10尊天使雕像

中間三孔為原橋，兩邊孔為后增

2011-3-30

BridgesintheWorld

Karlsbrucke(Charles)

Bridg

einBrague

Firstlytimberbridge

1403-1503,stonearchbridgewith16arches,spanofabout20m

Morethan30saintsculpturesonrailpost

2011-3-30

TwoarchbridgesinItaly

PonteVecchio（維希和）inFlorence,firstlybuiltin972inwoodbutdestroyedbyafloodin1117,redoneinstonebutcollapsedagainin1333.Thecurrentstructurebuiltin1345

3archeswithspanof29mandrise-spanratioof1/6

3-storeyjewellers'shopsonit

MenaiStraitBridgeinUK

Anoldsuspensionbridgewithcablesofchainbarsmadeofwroughtiron

Mainspanof177m,locatedatNorthWales,UK

Builtduring1820-26,

rehabilitatedin1940DesignbyThomasford

dgesintheWorld 9

10

BridgesintheWorld

2011-3-30

LondonTowerBridge

11

BridgesintheWorld

2011-3-30

FirthofForthBridge

Ikitsuki-OhashiBridge

EadsBridgeoverthe

MississippiatSt.Louis,USA

Firststeel(arch)bridgeintheworld

Built1867-1874

withcenterspanof158.80mUpperdeckfor

roadway,lower

levelfordouble-tracktrainuntil1974

2011-3-30

BridgesintheWorld

14

Rio-NiteroiinBrazil

Thelongeststeelboxgirderbridgeintheworld

LocatedatGuanabaraBay,Rio

deJaneiro-Niteroi,Brazil

Mainspanof300m,totallengthof13900m

Completedin1972

NewRiverGorgeBridgeinUSA

SalginaBridge

KrkIIBridgeinformerYugoslavia

BendorfBridge

LocatedinGermany,acrossRhineRivernearKoblenz

Spansof71+208+71m,twoparallelsingleboxgirders

Hingeatthemiddleofthemainspan

Cantileverconstruction,atypicalexampleforbalancedcantileverconcretinginearlystage

Completedin1964

2011-3-30 BridgesintheWorld 18

GatewayBridgeinAustralia

RaftsundetBridgeinNorway

Highwayprestressedconcretecontinuousframebridge

Span:86+202+298+125m

Lightweightconcreteusedinthemiddlespan

2011-3-Completedin1998 BridgesintheWorld 20

30

NormandyBridgeinFrance

TataraBridgeinJapan

MaracaiboBridgeinVenezuela

SkarnsundetBridgeinNorway

2011-3-30 BridgesintheWorld 24

Rion-AntirionBridgeinGreece

四塔，主跨560m，2004

BrooklynBridgeinUSA

GeorgeWashingtonBridge,NY

GoldenGateBridgeinUSA

ForthHighwayBridgeinUK

主跨1005.8m，1964年

GreatBaltBridgeinDenmark

主跨1624m，1998年

AkashiKaikyoBridgeinJapan

2011-3-30

BridgesintheWorld

31

橋梁建設(shè)的基本目標(biāo)

概括地講，橋梁建設(shè)的基本目標(biāo)是安全、適用、經(jīng)濟(jì)、美觀。圍繞這一基本目標(biāo)，橋梁技術(shù)的發(fā)展應(yīng)表現(xiàn)在：橋梁具有較大的跨越能力和承載能力；車輛能安全運(yùn)行于橋上并使旅客有舒適感；講求經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，力圖降低造價(jià)（按經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律辦事，在跨度上不盲目追求攀比）；考慮結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)。

技術(shù)先進(jìn)、安全可靠、適用耐久、經(jīng)濟(jì)合理

2011-3-30

B