成人學位英語復(fù)習資料

一、時態(tài)和語態(tài)1.如何解答時態(tài)問題例1You’vealreadymissedtoomanyclassesthisterm.You______justlastweek.A.missedB.wouldmissC.hadmissedD.havemissed例2AnneaskedTom______thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft考試重點2.與完成時有關(guān)的時態(tài)★現(xiàn)在完成時(havedone)since,for/inthepastfewmonths,uptonow例1Collectingtoycarsasahobbybecomesincreasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.ABCD例2English______inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.A.hasbeentaughtB.wasbeingtaughtC.hasbeentaughtD.hadbeentaught.★過去完成時(haddone)例3AnneaskedTom______thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft例4Thechemistryclass_____forfiveminuteswhenwehurriedthere.A.hadbeenonB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.wouldbegan★將來完成時(willhavedone)by例5We’relateIexpectthefilm_____bythetimewegettothecinema.A.hadalreadystartedB.havealreadyC.willalreadyhavestartedD.havealreadybeenstarted.★現(xiàn)在完成進行時(havebeendoing)例6Itseemsoil___________fromthispipeforsometime.We'llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A.hadleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking★過去完成進行時(hadbeendoing)★將來完成進行時(willhavebeendoing)例7Bythetimeyouarrivethisevening,_______fortwohours.A.IwillstudyB.IwillhavebeenstudiedC.IhadstudiedD.Iwillhavebeenstudying.3.在時間和條件狀語從句中不用將來時態(tài)▲用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時例1Whenthemixture_____,itwillgiveoffapowerfulforce.A.willheatB.willbeheatedC.isheatedD.hasheated例2pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou______.A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.shallcomeD.come▲用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時例3Smithistostudymedicineassoonashe_______militaryservice.A.willfinishB.hasfinishedC.finishD.wouldfinish注意例4Noonecanbesureifthecarondisplayfitshimorheruntilheorshe______them.A.triesB.willtryC.aretryingD.havetried4.考試小竅門◆考試中如果遇到與完成時態(tài)相關(guān)的選項要重點加以研讀一般說來是正確答案。二、情態(tài)動詞1.幾個情態(tài)動詞的否定式的含義can’tmaynotmustn’tneed’t2.表示推測的幾個情態(tài)動詞用法★must表示肯定的推測意思是“一定”+do對現(xiàn)在情況的推測must+havedone對過去情況的推測例1I________asleepinthecorner,forIremembernothingofwhathappenedduringthenightA.mightfallB.mustfallC.musthavefallenD.canhavefallen★can’t/could’t表示否定的推測意思是“不可能”+do對現(xiàn)在情況的推測can’t/couldn’t+havedone對過去情況的推測★may/mightnot表示可能性很小的推測意思是“也許?”+do對現(xiàn)在情況的推測may/might+havedone對過去情況的推測3.情態(tài)動詞的完成時虛擬語氣的用法needn’thavedoneshouldhavedoneshouldnothavedoneoughttohavedonecouldhavedone4.考試小竅門在遇到情態(tài)動詞加完成時和情態(tài)動詞加原形同時出現(xiàn)的情況下一般說來情態(tài)動詞加完成時是正確答案?！罬ustdo√Musthavedone三、虛擬語氣考試重點1.條件句中的虛擬語氣例IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI______him.A.hadknownB.haveknownC.knewD.wouldknow例Ifabettermaterial______,thestrengthofthepartwouldhavebeenincreased.A.hadbeenusedB.hadbeenusingC.beingusedD.using條件句中的虛擬語氣需要注意以下三點如果條件句中有were,had,should時可以把if省略然后把這三個單詞提前形成倒裝。例3_____theadviceofhisfriends,hewouldnothavesufferedsuchaheavylossinhisbusiness.A.IfhetookB.ifheshouldtakeC.WerehetotakeD.Hadhetaken含蓄條件句中虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用三級考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的三個句型Butfor/without?????,otherwise/or???,but/though?.例Butforyourhelp,I_____theworkintime.A.didnotfinishB.couldnotfinishA.willnotfinishD.wouldnothavefinished例Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe例Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwisehe_____tothemeeting.A.wouldhavecomeB.wouldcomeC.couldcomeD.hadcome例Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney,butwehalfwayA.gaveupB.hadgivenupgiveupD.weretogiveup錯綜時間條件句例IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.2.(should)+動詞原形在某些從句中的應(yīng)用(1)當賓語從句從的謂語是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等動詞時,如:例Isuggestedthatweshouldgothereonfoot.注意:當insist表示堅持認為之意時,不用虛擬語氣,用陳述語氣.如:例Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney(2)Itisordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/等后的主語從句中例Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadytonight(3)advice,idea,order,plan,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞之后的表語從句和同位語從句中.如:例Mysuggestionisthatweshouldholdameetingthisevening3.wish后的賓與從句中應(yīng)當用虛擬語氣4.ifonly引導的感嘆句中5.asif/asthough引導的狀語從句中6.wouldrather后的句子的虛擬語氣謂語動詞用過去式7.itis(high)timethat?.句型中,從句的謂語動詞用過去式四、非謂語動詞1.不定式不定式的邏輯主語例Theroadiswildenoughforcarstopassby.例Itisimportantforyoutoworkhard.例Itiskindofyoutohelpme.不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)例Themagnificentmuseumissaid_____aboutahundredyearsago.A.tobebuiltB.tohavebeenbuiltC.tohavebuiltD.tohavebeingbuilt使用不帶to的不定式1)whynotdo表示委婉的建議例Whynot_____ProfessorLiforhelpHeiskind-heartedandwillingtohelp.A.askB.youaskC.toaskD.yourasking2)使役動詞have,make,let的后面接不定式做賓語補足語時用省to的不定式。例Theteacherhasthestudents_____acompositioneveryotherweek.A.towriteB.writtenC.writingD.write例Whilehewasclimbingthehighmountain,hehadhisleg_____A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking例Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself_____A.hearingB.beingtoldC.tohearD.heard3)表示生理感覺的動詞如see,watch,notice,observe,hear后面接不定式做賓語補足語時用省to的不定式。例Withtearsonherface,theoldladywatchedthelittleboy_____toahospital.A.sendB.tobesentC.beingsentD.sending4)dosomethingbut/exceptdo例Thereisnothingwecando_____wait.A.butB.ratherthanC.inspiteofC.besides.5)記住下列不帶to的短語can’tbutcan’thelpbuthadbetter2.動名詞1.有些動詞后面既可以接動名詞又可以接不定式但意思有差異rememberforgetregretstopgoonmean2.后面跟動名詞的固定句式havetrouble/problems/difficultdoingsomethingfeellikespend/waste?doingsomethingcan’thelpneed/deserve/wantbeworthwhatabout/howabout3.分詞分詞作表語獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)例1Duringthediscussion,MrBoydremainedsilentwhenaskinghisopinion.ABCD例2Yourexperimentreportsmustbecheckedwithcarebefore_______A.handedtheminB.themhandinginC.beinghandedinD.handingthemin例_______intheairfuelsgiveoffheat.A.TburnB.BurnedC.TbeburnedD.Beingburned五、狀語從句趙文通考試重點1時間狀語從句★while/when/as/until★一?就?nosooner?than/hardly?when/scarcely?when★themomenttheminutetheinstant★固定句型Itis/hasbeen?.since?1.原因狀語從句nowthatinthat2.條件狀語從句unlessaslongasprovidedthat3.讓步狀語從句asthoughalthoughevenifeventhoughwhilewhatever六、平行結(jié)構(gòu)and,or,butPrefer引出的平行結(jié)構(gòu)PrefersomethingtosomethingPreferdoingsomethingtodoingsomethingPrefertodosomethingratherthandosomethingPrefer的特殊用法Prefersomebodytodosomething:IpreferyoutospeakEnglishintheclass.1、anumberof,thenumberofanumberof+可數(shù)名詞謂語用復(fù)數(shù)意為許多大量的??thenumberof+可數(shù)名詞謂語用單數(shù)意為??的數(shù)目2、able,capable,competentable為常用詞指具有做某事所需的力量技巧知識與時間等搭配是beabletodo。如Acatisabletoseeinthedark.貓在黑暗中能看見東西。capable指滿足一般要求的能力搭配是becapableof+petent指“勝任”“合格”或受過專業(yè)技術(shù)等訓練的但不是超群的能力。如Adoctorshouldbecompetenttotreatmanydiseases.醫(yī)生應(yīng)該能治多種病。3、aboveallafterallatall;inallaboveall意為“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”常位于句首或句中作插入語起強調(diào)作用。如ButabovealltellmequicklywhatIhavetodo可首先快些告訴我該做什么。afterall意為“畢竟”、“終究”、“終歸”、“到底”在句中位置較靈活?？晌挥诰涫?、句中或句末。如Afterallyourbirthdayisonlytwoweeksaway畢竟兩周后就是你的生日。Heisafterallasmallchild他畢竟還是個小孩子。Hefailedafterall他終于失敗了。atall用于否定句時意為“絲毫根本”用于疑問句時意為“究竟到底”用于條件句時常譯為“當真實在”。用于肯定句中表示說話人的某種情緒或情感如懷疑或驚奇等意為“竟然”等。如Hedoesn’tlikeyouatall他根本不喜歡你。Areyougoingtodoitatall你究竟做不做這件事Ifyoudoitatalldoitwell若你真要做這件事就得做好。Iwassurprisedathiscomingatall他竟然來了我很驚訝。inall意為“總共”既可放在句首也可放在句末。如Thereare25,000Inuitinall(Inall,thereare25,000Inuit)這兒共有25,000因努伊特人。4、aboard,abroad,board,broadaboard在船或飛機車上。如Ineverwentaboardaship.abroad副詞在國外或海外。如Heoftengoesabroad.board為動詞上船飛機車。如Thepassengersareboardingtheplanenow.broad為形容詞寬廣的。如Hehasverybroadshoulders.5、accept,receiveaccept接受receive“接到”“收到”。如Ireceivedaninvitationyesterday,butIdidn’tacceptit.昨天我收到了一個請柬但并沒有接受邀請。6、accident,incident,eventaccident事故。如atrafficaccident交通事故incident“附帶事件”在政治上特指引起國際爭端或戰(zhàn)爭的事件事變。event“事件”指特別重要的事件通常是由以前的努力而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果也指國家和社會的事件。7-accurate,correct,exact,preciseaccurate準確的精確的。如Clocksinrailwaystationsshouldbeaccurate.火車站的鐘應(yīng)該是準確的。correct“正確的”指符合一定的標準或準則含有“無錯誤的”意味。它的反義詞是incorrect,wrong.exact“精確的”“恰好的”比“大體上正確”更進一步表“絲毫不差”。它的反義詞是inexact。precise強調(diào)“精確”“精密”。8、accuse,charge,sueaccuse指責指控常與of搭配。如Hisbossaccusedhimofcarelessness.charge常與with搭配。如Thepolicechargedthedriverwithrecklessdriving.sue常與for搭配。如Smithsuedhisneighborfordamaginghishouse9、acquire,require,inquireacquire取得獲得學到。如acquireknowledge獲得知識inquire打聽詢問。如inquireaperson’sname問一個人的姓名require需要。如Werequiremorehelp.我們需要更多的幫助。10、adopt,adaptadopt收養(yǎng)。如Sincetheyhavenochildrenoftheirown,they