新目標(biāo)英語初中總復(fù)習(xí)之重要的短語、句型和慣用法

新目標(biāo)英語初中總復(fù)習(xí)之重要的短語、句型和慣用法1.geton/off(thebus)上/下車getup起床getreadyfor為...作準(zhǔn)備getoneselfdressed自己穿衣服getwell(better)身體好getin進(jìn)入，收集get.=getsb.為某人買某物getonwellwithsb/sth.與某人相處很好，...進(jìn)展順利2.haveanaccident出事故haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得很高興haveacoldwetday天氣又冷又濕haveacough咳嗽haveadrink(of)...喝一杯...haveatalk聽報告havelunch吃午飯have...forlunch午飯吃...haveameeting開會havenoidea不知道havearest休息一下3.makeamistake犯錯誤mistakeAforB把A錯認(rèn)為Btakesth.bymistake錯拿某物4.makefriendswith與...交朋友makefaces做鬼臉makeafire生火makeanexcuse找籍口makea...sound發(fā)...音maketea沏茶makeroomfor...為...找出空間makeit如期赴約makeateam組成一個隊'smakeithalfpastone.注意：時間前不用介詞at5.turnsth.on/off打開/關(guān)掉...turnsth.up/down把...音量開大/小注意：當(dāng)sth是代詞時，常放中間6.trysth.on試穿（衣、鞋、帽）注意：當(dāng)sth為it或them,常放中間tryout試驗、嘗試tryone'sbesttodosth.盡力干某事=doone'sbesttodosth.7.sendsb.away開除、解雇某人sendforsb.派人去請某人sendup發(fā)射8.hearfromsb收到...的來信hearof聽說9.hurryoff匆匆離去，趕快去hurryup趕快10.getto+名詞get+副詞(不用to)reach+名詞/副詞arrivein/at+大/小地點（后接副詞，不用at/in）eg.gettoShanghai、reachShanghai、arriveinShanghai到達(dá)上海eg.reachhome、gethome、arrivehome到家11.teachsb.English教某人英語teachoneself=learnoneself自學(xué)12.到...末為止bytheendof+過去時間（用于過去完成時）bytheendof+將來時間（用于一般將來時）attheendof+地點在...盡頭intheend=atlast最后，終于13.hundredsof成百上千thousandsof成千上萬的millionsof成百萬的14.bepleasedtodosth很高興地干某事bepleasedwithsth.為某事而高興15.beusedfor被用來beusedas被當(dāng)作beusedby被...所使用16.sofar到目前為止，用于現(xiàn)在完成時17.onaTuesdaymorning一個星期二的早上onthemorningofJune在1998年6月15日早上18.keepsth.讓某人一直干某事keepdoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事keepondoingsth.持續(xù)不斷地做某事19.muchtoo+形容詞／副詞原級實在太...toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)多的...eg.It's_______expensive.Ican'tbuyit.There's___________rainthisyear.20.thanksto...由于，多虧thankstoone'shelp=becauseofone'shelp由于某人的幫忙thanksforone'shelp謝謝某人的幫助21.befarawayfrom＋aplace/sb遠(yuǎn)離某地22.wearout穿壞、穿舊、用盡常用于被動語態(tài)。其為wornsellout售完賣完23.two-monthholiday=twomonths'holiday二個月的假期24.fallasleep入睡（進(jìn)入狀態(tài)）gettosleep入睡（還沒睡著）25.stopdoingsth.阻止某人干某事eg.Shestoppedthechildfromlistening.stopdoingsth.停止干某事，不再干某事stoptodosth.停止下來干另一件事。26.hardlyany+n.幾乎沒有...27.quitea/an+形容詞＋名詞一個相當(dāng)...eg.Twomonthsisquitealongtime.avery＋形容詞+名詞eg.Englishisaveryusefullanguage.28.beafraidof+名詞害怕...beafraidto+動詞擔(dān)心、害怕...beafraidthat+從句恐怕...29.so+形容詞sostrongsobeautifulsuch+形容詞+名詞(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))suchbeautifulpicturessuchnicesmellsuch+a/an+形容詞+名詞（單數(shù)）suchaninterestingstory30.feellikedoing想干某事31.bemade/grown/produced三個詞的被動語態(tài)都可解釋為“生產(chǎn)”歸類:機器一類→make(制造)鹽.糖.絲綢→produce(經(jīng)機器加工生產(chǎn))農(nóng)作物、水果→grow(人工種出來的)32.finishdoingsth.做完某事bebusydoingsth.忙于干某事goondoingsth.繼續(xù)干某事bealwaysdoing老是干某事33.hopetodosth.希望干某事...hopethat...希望某人干某事,不可用hopedosth.34.insurprise驚奇地（作狀語）besurprisedatsb.對某人的舉動感到詫異besurprisedtodosth.對做某事感到驚訝35.nospace(room)tostandin沒有站的地方、空間36.beangrywithsb.生某人的氣agreewithsb.同意某人的觀點withone'shelp在某人的幫助下選擇題：arrived___London___acoldwinternight.,in,on,on,at'srathercold'dbetter___moreclothesbeforeyougoout.onputonwearmustbeverytired.Whynot___arest?takingtotakestoptakingstoptotake,I'vecaughtupwithmyclassmatesinmyEnglishstudies.hishelphishelpthehelpofhimthehelpofhimtoldme____inthesun.read'treadnottoreadTV___isbadforyoureyes.tootoomuchmanyforeignvisitors___ourcitythedaybeforeyesterday.toinaskedmetohelpher___herChinese.___thewordsinthedictionarywhenyoudon'tknow___theymean.,what,that,that,whatafteranother,threeofthem___.asleeptoasleeptoasleepsleeping完成句子：1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁？Doyou____________drinkingaglassoforange?2.小楊畢業(yè)離校以來，我們從未收到他的來信。Wehavenever____________XiaoYangsincehe_______schoolforthelasttime.3.人們興建綠色長城是為了阻止風(fēng)將土刮走。PeoplestartedtobuildtheGreatGreenWall______itcouldstopthewindfrom___theearthaway.4.魏華把你錯當(dāng)成他的兄弟，是嗎？WeiHua________you______hisbrother,didn'tshe?思考題：1.人造衛(wèi)星能用來向國外發(fā)送電視和廣播節(jié)目Man-madesatellitescanbe___for___TVandradioprogrammestoforeigncountries.2.多虧有了綠色長城，現(xiàn)在他們種的棉花比以前多得多了。____totheGreatGreenWall,theycangrowalot___cottonthanbefore.3.學(xué)生們相互交朋友，通常相處得很好。Thestudentsmakefriends___oneanotherandusually______well.4.店主說你的尺寸的羊毛衫已售完了。Theshopkeepersaidthewoolensweaters___yoursizewere____.重要的短語、句型和慣用法（二）be結(jié)構(gòu)a.這是英語中常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某地有某物”其含義為“存在有”。aretwentygirlsinour也解釋為“有”但是與therebe有區(qū)別，它的含義是“所有，屬有”，其主語為某人。haveanicewatch.be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞要和后面所跟名詞保持一致。isarivernearourschool.否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.問：Istherearivernearourschool.回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisn't.劃⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?⑵What'snearourschool?be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時，同學(xué)們較難掌握，其正確形式為：thereisgoingtobee.反意疑問句的構(gòu)成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.on,neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,為了避免和前一句話的內(nèi)容重復(fù)，英語中習(xí)慣用so,neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句。+be(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)+主語。表示某人也是如此。hasboughtsomeforeignstamps.SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.+be(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)＋主語，表示某人也不。hasneverbeentoJapan.NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.＋主語＋be(助動詞，情態(tài)動詞)。表示果真如此(贊同),請同學(xué)們與a.區(qū)別。:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.'s+時間+since動詞過去式。自從...起已有...時間了。⑴It'stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自從我們上次見面已有兩個星期了)⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自從我們離開北京已有多久了4.祈使句+and(那么)...straightonandyou'llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you'llseeaschool.5.祈使句+or...否則...hard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.=Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llfallbehindtheother6.The+比較級...，the+比較級...越...越...eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou'llbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)doyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你認(rèn)為這部電影怎樣？)...dowith...?怎樣對付...?怎樣處理...?雖然中文為怎樣，我們絕不可照字面翻譯為how.:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?B:I'vejustreturnedittothelibrary.don'tknowwhattodo.我不知道該怎么辦？Idon'tknowhowtodo.×...belike?...是什么樣的？eg.⑴What'stheweatherlike?天氣如何？⑵What'syourschoollike?你們學(xué)校是什么樣的？...for?為何目的？為什么？doyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?of+最高級＋復(fù)數(shù)最...之一Zhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.it+形容詞+todofinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我發(fā)覺學(xué)好英語是很有用的)find+賓語+名詞findhimagoodboy.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個好男孩.)find+賓語+形容詞findthedooropen/closed.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)門開/關(guān)著)Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的包裝滿了禮物)don'tthink+肯定句我想...不don'tthinkI'lltakeit.(我想我不買它了)請注意:中文意思否定在從句中,但是英語的表達(dá)否定在主句中。AtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜歡A不怎么喜歡B.eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchickenbetterdosth.最好干某事.否定:hadbetternotdosth.特別注意:hadbetter后面跟be動詞詞組,不可漏掉'dbettercatchatrain.You'dbetternottalkin'dbetternotbelatefortheclass.isgood(nice)of+賓格+todosth.isverygoodofyoutoteachmeEnglish.(你教我英語真是太好了)takessb.sometimetodosth.(干某事化費某人多少時間)=sometimeonsth.(in)doingtookmehalfanhourtodothework.=Ispenthalfanhourindoingthework.錢for物某物化費了某人多少錢=錢on物=物costsb.錢,pay的過去式為paid而不是payed.paidthirtyyuanforthecoat.=Ispentthirtyyuanonthecoat.=Thecoatcostmethirtyyuan.beento某人曾去過某地,現(xiàn)在人不在那兒beenin+地點某人呆在某地(一段時間)havegoneto某人已去某地,人不在這兒21.⑴too…形容詞(副詞)+to…"太…而不能""太…以致于不"eg.①Thebasketistooheavyformetocarry.這籃子太重我拿不動。②ThiscolourTVistooexpensiveforustobuy.這臺彩電對我們來說太貴了，買不起。⑵so...that如此...以致于...上面的too...to結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，可以換成so...that引導(dǎo)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換。①ThebasketissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.②ThiscolourTVissoexpensivethatwecan'taffordit.'sthepopulationof...?...人口有多少？不說Howmuchpopulationin...?形容人口數(shù)量的大用largepopulationofChinaistentimesaslargeasthatoftheUSA'vecometoreturnyourpan.(我跑來是還你鍋的)→Whyhaveyoucome?而不用What...until(連詞)方才，才saysthathewon'tbefreeuntiltomorrow.他說他需到明天方才有空?？隙ň洌玼ntil到'dbetterwaituntiltomorrow.(你最好等到明天)...nor...既不...也不...either...or...或者...或者...Tomnorhisbrothersknowhowtospelltheword"hundred".Eitheryouorsheisright.(謂語動詞就近原則)both...and...兩者都...JimandIareinGradeOne(主語看作復(fù)數(shù))練習(xí)題：isMary?-Oh,she_____thelibrory.gonetotobeentogonetoknewlittleaboutthefilm____hesawityesterdayevening.changehismind.Don'tworry,He'llsurelycometogetit.hewon'thewill'tthinkhewon't'tthinkhewill_____doyou_____theTVplay?-Notbad,Ithink.;thinkof;like;like;think5.I_____haveagoodtime_____theparty.youwill;atyou;onyouto;inyouthat;from完成句子：1.中國有多少人口，中國的人口大約是世界人口的四分之一。_____thepopulationofChina?It'sabout___________oftheworld'spopulation.2.門鈴一直響著，直到門被林濤打開才停。Thedoorbell___________untilthedoorwasopenedbyLinTao.3.午飯后他休息了一會兒，我也休息了一會兒。Hehadashortrestafterlunch,and____________I.4.史密斯夫婦離開他們的家鄉(xiāng)已有十多年時間了。______morethantenyears____MrandMrsSmithlefttheirhometown.5.公共汽車?yán)飻D得幾乎連站的地方都沒有.Thebuswas_____crowdedthattherewashardly______standingroominit.思考題：1、做飯花了她半個小時。It_______halfanhour______somecooking.=I______halfanhour_______somecooking.2、你真好，經(jīng)常在數(shù)學(xué)上幫助我。It’sreallynice_____youto____me_____my______.3、Lily跑得不快，贏不了比賽。Lily______runquickly________________therace.=Lily__________________therace.4、在美術(shù)課上做一張教師節(jié)卡片怎樣？______________aTeachers’Daycard____theartlesson?5、足球是我校最受歡迎的運動項目之一。Footballis____________________gamesinourschool.Have的兩種特殊句型have是英語中最活躍的動詞之一，它與不同的詞搭配表示不同的意思。如：haveameeting（開會），havearest（休息），haveaclass（上課）等。你可知道have構(gòu)成的兩種特殊句型嗎？不看不知道，一看就明了。1．have＋賓語＋省略to的動詞不定式該句型中作主語的“人或物”讓作賓語的“人或物”去做某事。此時的賓語與省略to的不定式（賓語補足語）之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Iwouldhaveyoubuyanewbike．我想讓你買輛新自行車。Wecan＇thavethecarstop．我們無法讓汽車停下來。2．have＋賓語＋過去分詞該句型中作主語的“人或物”讓作賓語的“人或物”被……。此時的賓語與過去分詞（賓語補足語）之間有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。如：I＇llhavemyhaircuttomorrow．我明天要理發(fā)。Theyhavejusthadtheircarrepaired．他們剛找人把車修理了一下。注意：大多數(shù)情況下，這兩種句型之間可以互換。如：1）Hehadmewashthetablecloth．→Hehadthetableclothwashed．2)Themanhadthebikemended．→Themanhadsomeonemendthebike．練習(xí)：根據(jù)漢語意思，完成英語句子，每空一詞。1．你應(yīng)該找人建一座房子。Youshouldhavesomeone＿＿＿＿＿ahouse．Youshouldhaveahouse＿＿＿＿＿．2．現(xiàn)在我們請下一位演講者到前面來。Nowwe＇llhavethenextspeaker＿＿＿＿＿tothefront．3．你必須讓人把這些書送到教室去。Youmusthavethesebooks＿＿＿＿＿totheclassroom情景交際英語（一）1.問候：⑴A:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.Howdoyoudo?Nicetomeetyou.B:回答相同⑵A:Howareyou?B:Fine,thankyou?Verywell,thankyou.2.介紹：⑴ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss...⑵I'dlikeyoutomeetmyparents.⑶Mynameis....I'mastudent.3.告別A:youlater/tomorrow.Goodnight.B:回答相同4.感謝和應(yīng)答表示感謝通?；卮餞hankyouverymuch.Notatall.Thanksalot.That'sOK.Manythanks.That'sallright.Thanksforhelpingme.You'rewelcome.5.祝愿、祝賀和應(yīng)答⑴A:Goodluck!Bestwishestoyou.Haveanice/goodtime/journey.Congratulations!B:Thankyou.⑵A:HappyNewYear!MerryChristmas!B:Thesametoyou.⑶A:Happybirthdaytoyou.B:Thankyou.6.道歉和應(yīng)答A:I'm'msorrytotroubleyou.B:Itdoesn'tmatter.It'snotimportant.That'snothing.7.遺憾和同情Whatapity!I'msorrytohearthat.8.邀請和應(yīng)答A:Wouldyouliketo…?B:Yes,I'dloveto.9.提供幫助和應(yīng)答A:CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?Here,takethis/mybike.Letmedoitfor:Thanksforyourhelp.Yes,please.No,thanks.That'sverykindofyou.10.請求允許⑴A:MayI...?CanI/CouldI...?B:Yes/Certainly/Ofcourse.Yes,doplease.OK/Allright.⑵A:DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?B:No,notatall.或Nevermind.11.表示同意和不同意(1):Certainly/Sure/Of,please.Yes,Ithinkso.Allright/OK.That'sagoodidea.Iagreewithyou.(2):No,Idon'tthinkso.I'mafraidnot.Ireallycan'tagreewithyou.12.表示肯定和不肯定1:I'msure.I'msurethat...2:I'mnotsure.I'mnotsurewhether/if...Maybe.13.喜歡和厭惡1:Ilike/love...(verymuch)Ilike/loveto...2:Idon'tliketo...Ihateto...14.問時間、日期的應(yīng)答A:Whatdayisit?B:It's:What'sthedate?B:It'sJan.10th.A:What'sthetime,please?B:It'sfiveo'clock/halfpastfive...It'stimeto...15.請求(1):Can/couldyou...forme?Will/wouldyoupleasedosth.?MayIhave...?(2):Pleasegive/passme...Pleasewait(here/amoment).Pleasewaitforyourturn.Pleasestandinline.(3):Nosmoking,please.Nonoise,please.16.勸告和建議1:You'dbetter...Youshould...Youneedto...2:Shallwedosth.?Let'sdosth..What/Howaboutdoingsth.?回答:OK.Goodidea.17.禁止和警告1:Youmustn'tplayontheroad.Ifyou...you'll...2:Takecare.=Becareful.18.表示感情A:喜悅Great!That'snice.I'mglad/pleased/happyto...B:焦慮What'swrong?What'sthematterwithyou?I'm/He's/She'sworried.Oh,whatshallIdo?C:驚奇Really?Oh,dear!Isthatso?19.約會A:Areyoufreethisafternoon?What/Howabouttomorrowmorning?Shallwemeetat4:30attheschoolgate?B:Yes,that'sallright.Yes,I'llbefreethen.Allyouthen.20.語言困難Pardon?Pleasesaythatmoreslowlyagain.Whatdoyoumeanby...?I'msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.21.表示稱贊：A:Oh,hownice!Yourdressis:It'sniceofyoutosayso.或Thankyou.22.常見的標(biāo)志和說明BUSINESSHOURSNOPHOTOSOFFICEHOURSTHISSIDEUPOPENCLOSEDPULLPUSHEXITENTRANCE營業(yè)時間禁止拍照辦公時間這邊向上開關(guān)youliketogotothezoowithus?____.,please.'strue.,I'dloveto.well.'vedonequitewellintheexamthisterm.-_____.don'tknow..doI.on,please.yourfriendtellsyouthatheisill,youmaysay"___"me.'msorrytohearthat.doesn'tmatter.don'tthinkso.agoodjourney,Alice.rightalot.goodbettersign"THISSIDEUP"isoftenseen____.aboxthestreetacinemaapark思考題：youforyourhelp.-_____right.'sallright.'sright.'sverykindofyou.youmindifIclosethewindow?-______,Imind.,Idon'tmind.C.No,notatall.,I'mafraidnot.yourselftosomedon'tlikeit.,Ican'thelpit.mind.youverymuch.willtakecareofourcatwhilewe'reaway.-____A．Fine,thankyou.'lldoitmyself.'sverykindofhim.doesn'tmatter.speakEnglishquitewell.-____don'tthinkso.don'tsayso.,Idon'tspeakwell.you.動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)的綜合運用確定正確的時態(tài)1.根據(jù)時間狀語確定時態(tài).時間狀語與時態(tài)有著密切的關(guān)系.a.I________(write)now.b.I______(lose)mypenyesterday.c.We___________(study)Englishfortwoyears.2.根據(jù)上下文來確定時態(tài)有些句子沒有明顯的時間狀語,又不能用時態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則來對照,這時就可以根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容來判斷時間關(guān)系,確定正確時態(tài).arethetwins?______(go)tovisitUncleWang.3.根據(jù)主從句的關(guān)系來確定時態(tài).4.根據(jù)語言習(xí)慣來確定時態(tài)*,go,leave等趨向性動詞的進(jìn)行時可用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作.*2.永恒的真理和客觀存在的狀態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時.*3.祈使句中,或在情態(tài)動詞,助動詞后,謂語動詞用原形Don't_____(read)inthesun,willyou?You'dbetter_____(stay)athomesinceit'srainingoutside.注意所填動詞的語態(tài)Todaybothbasketballandvolleyball_________(play)inmanycountries.確定動詞的形式1.bebusy,whatabout等后用動詞的-ing形式.2.在介詞后一般應(yīng)用動詞的-ing形式.3.在keep,enjoy,finish,mind等動詞后采用動詞的--ing形式.4.在動詞decide,hope,wish,hate等動詞后應(yīng)用動詞不定式作賓語,而在ask,tell,want,teach之后則用動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即“asksb.todosth.”的形式5.在see,hear,watch,make,let等后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式應(yīng)省略動詞不定式符號“to”,但在被動句中,應(yīng)添上"to".6.在It‘stime(forsb.)todosth.It'skind/nice/goodofsb.todosth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.的句型中,動詞不定式短語作句子真正的主語.7.疑問代詞/副詞(why除外)+todosth.結(jié)構(gòu),可在句中作主語,表語和賓語.練習(xí)題：GreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom________(blow)theearthaway.Smithkepton_____(ask)theplayerstoremember-----TEAMWORKdidn'thearwhattheteachersaidjustnow,soshedoesn'tknowhow____(do)theproblem.policemanaskedtheoldgrannytoputdownherheavyboxandlethim______(carry)itforher.5.用help,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,miss,leave,look的適當(dāng)形式填空:(1).WangHaiisagoodalwaysdoeshisbest________others.(2).Digtheholebigenough,orthetreescan’t___________well.(3).It'stimefor'sstop_______totheteacher.(4).Herfaceturnedredwhenshe_______tosingasongforallofus.(5).SheisolderthanMarybut________muchyounger.(6).--Ican'tfindmyyou___________themathome.(7).Wewaitedinthenextroomwhilethey____________ameeting.(8).Hurry__________thetrainifyoudon't.思考題：用send,show,turn,cost,write,fly,get,stop,see,do,hear,go的適當(dāng)形式填空you___eachothersinceyouleftschooltenyearsago?___they___at8:00yesterdayevening.Smithsaregettingready___toAustraliafortheirholdiay.beautifuljacket___toomuch,doesn'tit?andLilywereplayingcardswhenthey___aloudknockatthedoor.radiosaystherain___lateron.boy___tohospitalassoonasthetrafficaccidenthappened.films___inEnglisheverywhereintheworld.'ssummerdays___longerandthenightsshorter.___toShanghaiandshe'llbebackinaweekorso.動詞的時態(tài)（上）A:一般現(xiàn)在時棗通常表示目前階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：1）be動詞的第一人稱單數(shù)為，第三人稱單數(shù)為，其他人稱為。有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法：我是am你是are，is跟著他她它,復(fù)數(shù)都用are肯定式:主語+am/is/are+其他否定式:主語+am/is/are+not+其他疑問式:Am/Is/Are+主語+其他?簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+am/is/are(否)No,主語+am/is/arenot縮寫形式:I'm==IamThat's==ThatisWe're==WeareWhat's==WhatisYou're==YouareWho's==WhoisThey're==TheyareWhere's==WhereisHe's==Heisisn't==isnotShe's==Sheisaren't==arenotIt's==Itis2）行為動詞除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動詞原形，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，在動詞詞尾加-s或-es肯定式:主語+動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)，否定式:主語+助動詞don't/doesn't+動詞原形+其他疑問式:Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+do/does(否)No,主語+do/doesnot縮寫形式:don't==donotdoesn't==doesnot注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has用法：1.表示事實,現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的,習(xí)慣的動作,常與often,usually,always,sometimes,today,everyday,onceaweek,everyfiveminutes,onSundays等時間狀語連用,eg.Hehasabrother.2.表示普遍真理.eg.Theearthgoesroundthesun.3.表示在現(xiàn)在時間里所發(fā)生的一個動作.eg.Herecomesthetrain.4.在時間和條件狀語從句中代表一般將來時.'llgowithyouifyouarefreetomorrow.B:一般過去時棗表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過去時通常由動詞的過去式表示。結(jié)構(gòu)：1.動詞的第一、三有稱單數(shù)用,其他人稱用,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式和簡略回答形式與一般現(xiàn)在時相似。2.行為動詞的過去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種,規(guī)則動詞的過去式是在動詞后加或,不規(guī)則動詞參照不規(guī)則動詞表,需要專門記憶?？隙ㄊ?主語+動詞的過去式+其他eg.Igotupatsixthismorning.否定式:主語+didnot+動詞原形+其他didn'tliveherelastyear.疑問式:Did+主語+動詞原形+其他youseehimamomentago?簡略回答.(肯)Yes,主語+did(否)No,主語+didn't.用法：1.主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài).fatherwasatworkyesterday.2.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,常與often,always等表示頻度的時間狀語連用.alwayswenttoworkbybuslastsummer.3.和when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用.shereachedhome,shehadashortrest.4.常與表示過去的時間狀語,如…ago,yesterday,lastweek,intheolddays,whenIwasfiveyearsold,in1995等連用.begantheworktwomonthsago.Wereyoubornin1981?Yes,Iwas.C:一般將來時棗表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞shall/will+動詞原形（當(dāng)主語第一人稱時，一般用shall，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱時，用will，但主語為第一人稱時，也用will肯定式:主語+shall/will+動詞原形+其他否定式:主語+shall/will+not+動詞原形+其他.疑問式:Shall/Will+主語+動詞原形+其他簡略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+shall/will.(否)No,主語+shall/will+not…縮寫形式:'ll==shall/willshan't==shallnotwon't==willnot用法:1.表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況,常用時間狀語有:later(on),soon,inamonth,nexttime,fromnowon,tomorrow等.eg.Ishallbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.MaybeChina'spopulation_______(pass)1,300,000,000bytheyear2022.2.表示某種必然的趨勢eg.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.解析：1.在以第一人稱為主語的問句中,常用shall表示提議和詢問情況,在以第二人稱作主語的問句中,用will表示請求.eg.Whereshallwehavethemeeting?Willyoupleaselendmeyourpen?2.當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時,用will表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等.eg.IwillgiveyouanEnglish--Chinesedictionaryforyourbirthday.3.在時間或條件狀語從句中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時.eg.Tomwillwritetomewhenhegetsthere.goingto+動詞原形也可表示將來時.(1).表示主觀意愿.打算等.eg.He'sgoingtolearnEnglishnextterm.(2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況eg.Lookattheblackclouds!----Itisgoingtorain.D:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時棗表示目前或目前階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動詞的-ing形式用法：1.表示目前發(fā)生(進(jìn)行)的動作(不指狀態(tài)),常用時間狀語有:now,atthemoment等,并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中,與look,listen連用.eg.Areyouwritingalettertoyourfatheratthemoment?Listen!Sheissinginginthenextroom.2.表示目前階段正在進(jìn)行,而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動作.eg.Theyareplantingtreesthesedays.3.表示按計劃或安排即將進(jìn)行的動作,表示這種動作的動詞有:come,go,leave,arrive,start,see等,并常與表示將來時間的狀語連用.eg.TheyareleavingforAustraliatomorrowafternoon.注意:某些表示感覺或狀態(tài)的動詞,如love,like,prefer,hate,see,know等一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時.eg.Lucyprefersarttoscience.練習(xí)題：andJoegototheShoppingCenter___.aweekb.inaweekc.nextweekd.foraweekquiet!Thebaby________(sleep)inthenextroom.willpassthemessageontoyoursisterassoonashe______(meet)herinherofficetomorrow.bellfortheclassrangwhilethey___________(play)ontheplayground.saidit___________(rain)lateron.思考題:Chinesepeople____(work)hardtomaketheircountrystrongerandmorebeautiful.'llwritetoyouassoonashe_____(arrive)inHainan.studentsofClassOne___(have)ameetingfromthreetofiveyesterdayafternnon.skyisblack.It____(rain),I'mafraid.it___(notsnow)tomorrow,we'llgoskatingandMrsGreen____(travel)tothesouthofChinanextweek,aren'tthey?(notsee)thefilmwithyoubecauseI'veseenitalready.toldusthathe_____(stay)heretillthenextweek.(lose)mypenthismorning.Ihaven'tfoundityet.動詞的時態(tài)（下）G:現(xiàn)在完成時棗表示到目前為止已經(jīng)完成，并對現(xiàn)在留下某種后果和影響的動作。結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞用法:1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常與一些時間狀語,如:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice等連用,也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語,如thesedays,today,thisyear,sofar等連用.havealreadypostedtheletter.(信已經(jīng)不在我這兒了)2.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還將繼續(xù)下去,可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語連用,即for+時間段,since+時間點/從句,inthelasttenyears等,謂語只可用延續(xù)性動詞.解析：1.英語動詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續(xù)性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動詞(也可稱為非延續(xù)性動詞,瞬間動詞,或點動詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等,表示動作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成,不能再延續(xù),所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用,即不能與表示一段時間的狀語,for+時間段,since+時間點/從句連用,也不能用在howlong引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中.eg.I'veleftShanghaiforthreedays.(×)I'vebeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays.(√).IleftShanghaithreedaysago.(√)Itis/hasbeenthreedayssinceIleftShanghai.(√)2.初中英語課本中常見終止性動詞有:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.終止性動詞要表示持續(xù)時,可用以下方法:⑴.將時間狀語改為時間段+ago,句中謂語動詞用一般過去時.eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.⑵.若保留for+時間段,since+時間點/從句,或用在howlong句型中,則需將終止性動詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞或延續(xù)性動詞常見終止性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞(或狀態(tài)動詞)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系如下come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------bein/atopen-----beopendie------bedeadclose----beclosedbecome---beborrow---keepbegin/start-----beonputon----wearleave-----beaway(from)buy-----havefallasleep----beasleepend/finish-----beovercatchacold-----haveacoldjointhearmy----beinthearmybeasoldierjointheParty----beinthePartybeaPartymember→Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.→Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.3.現(xiàn)在完成時中beento,goneto和beenin/atbeento去過某地,表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等連用.eg.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice.(表示目前人在這里)goneto去某地了,說話時某人已離開此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,eg.ShehasgonetoShanghai。(表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里)beenin/at逗留在某地(已經(jīng)一段時間).常和fortendays,sinceIcamehere等連用.eg.ShehasbeeninShanghaisinceshemovedthere.4.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時所表明的是過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,不可以和表示過去的時間狀語yesterday,in1991,threedaysagolasttime,lastnight等連用一般過去時表明的是過去發(fā)生的事實,和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系.5.現(xiàn)在完成時中的for與sincefor+時間段與延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時連用since+時間點/從句Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.6.Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句.自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時間了.eg.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.注意:引導(dǎo)的從句中動詞用過去時引導(dǎo)的特殊問句不與現(xiàn)在完成時連用.got,hasgot雖然是現(xiàn)在完成時,但havegot=havehasgot==has練習(xí)題:'salongtimesincewe____(meet)last,isn'tit?knowyou_______(choose)apicturebookamongthese.--Yes,Havealookatit,please.far,spaceshipswithoutpeople_______(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.father____homefornearlythreeweeks.goneawayfromleftbeenawayfromawayandMrsGreenhave_____inChinaforaweek.'sMary?--Oh,she_____thelibrary.gonetotobeentogonetoH:過去完成時棗表示過去某一時間或動作之前已完成的動作結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞用法：1.表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作,動作發(fā)生的時間為“過去的過去“.表示過去某一時間可用by,before等構(gòu)成的短語,也可用when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句或通過上下文表示.eg.Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnedathousandEnglishwords.Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforehisfathercamebacklastnight.2.表示過去某個時間之前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),一直延續(xù)到這一過去時刻,或還將繼續(xù)下去.eg.WhenIgottoknowhim,hehadworkedtherefortwentyyears.(注意)否定式hadnot==hadn't時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)1.主句中謂語動詞如果是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句中的謂語動詞可以用任何所需要的時態(tài),hewantstospeaktotheheadmaster.Hesaidthathewon'tbefreetomorrow.hecamelastnight.2.主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時態(tài),從句中的謂語動詞一般情況下要用過去時態(tài)的某種形式.HesaidthathewasworkinghardonhisChinese.hehadaverygoodjourneyhome.hehadn'tboughtthepresentyet.hewouldstopinMoscowontheway.3.如果從句所述內(nèi)容是客觀真理,則謂語動詞總是用一般現(xiàn)在時,而不受主句中謂語動詞時態(tài)的影響.eg.MissGaotoldusthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.4.時間或條件狀語從句中,若主句是一般將來時或祈使句,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時.talkingwhentheheadteacher______(walk)intotheclassroom.Jimwon'twatchTVuntilhe___(finish)hishomeworkeverytime.練習(xí)題：weresopleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyalmost____(forget)everythingelsearound.2.Thegirlputonherdressandthen_______(go)tothemirrortolookatherself.思考題：(leave)myrulerathome.