高考英語-閱讀理解解題技巧課件1

英語閱讀理解解題技巧主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型

詞義猜測(cè)型命題類閱讀理解命題特點(diǎn)：推理判斷型一：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

干擾項(xiàng)范圍過大、過小

。干擾項(xiàng)偷換概念。干擾項(xiàng)正誤并存，某個(gè)分句是正確的。解題方法:原文定位法。1.抓住問題中的關(guān)鍵詞，迅速回到原文中找到這一細(xì)節(jié)2.把細(xì)節(jié)所在段落仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，與所給選項(xiàng)核對(duì)，分析，判斷，得出答案（一）細(xì)節(jié)推理題

解題方法：1.通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細(xì)節(jié)五個(gè)W(Who,where,when,which)和一個(gè)H(how)以及其他特殊之處；數(shù)字、日期、時(shí)間等；同位語、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)、省略號(hào)等；表示附加說明的詞，如：bytheway,besides,what’smore,inadditionto,includingto,aswellas等。倒裝句及加強(qiáng)語氣的詞，如aboveall,mainly,mostly,certainly,indeed等。2.選用排除法排除不符合原文細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)，剩下的就是要選擇的最佳答案。1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實(shí)和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：

Passage1Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……

CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600練習(xí)題解釋第三節(jié)

Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.

A.55B.175C.325D.275

Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.

Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.解釋文章【解析】答案為D

。

根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，計(jì)算公式為：(90-35)×5×1=275【解析】答案為C

。

根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗(yàn)證A、B、C、D四個(gè)答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出C

符合圖表內(nèi)容。文章二：詞義猜測(cè)型判斷詞義1）文中找線索或信息詞;2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。做題要領(lǐng)a.定義法Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle...thatis,itwillbreakeasily.從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。b.同位法Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位語部分alargebuildinginoldtimes給出了castle的確切詞義，即“城堡”。c.對(duì)比法Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一節(jié)上了一半才來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一向“準(zhǔn)時(shí)”的結(jié)論。Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”

A.repeatB.reiterated

C.uneducatedD.sick

Passage2:

MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewi-vesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的).

解釋第四節(jié)解釋

這段文字中講到加納這個(gè)國(guó)家中的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的（educated）和沒有受過教育的

（illiterate）；住在城市的

（urban）和住在農(nóng)村的（rural），年輕的（young）和年長(zhǎng)的（old）正好是一對(duì)對(duì)反義詞。因此選C

項(xiàng)。本題答案選C三：推理判斷型推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)

that_______.Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)

fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred

(推論)?Whatisthetone(語氣)

oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)

ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

不要選擇表層信息忠實(shí)原文：據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理判斷型透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)：領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語氣及態(tài)度。

Passage3

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividualmadesound(adj.健康的)personalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresent(adj.現(xiàn)在的)

medicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundaries(n.界限)

ofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth.Ifwedodesire,wecansmoke,drinkmuch,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentary(adj.久坐的，勞心的)

lifestylewithout

anyexercise.

練習(xí)題解釋P5Q:Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabouthealthisimportantbecause____.A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses.B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge.

C.itisbasictopersonalfreedominAmericansociety.D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth.文章

1)WhatIthemainsubject/thebesttitleofthepassage?

2)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

3)Thetitlethatbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassageis_____.4)Fromthepassageweknowthat______.

5)Themainideaofthispassageis_______.6)Thepassageismainlyabout_______.

7)Choosethebesttitleforthepassage.Doyouknowthefollowingsentences解析：據(jù)前兩句可以得知，不良的選擇會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康狀況變壞，因此答案選D。選出的答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識(shí)或自己主觀胡亂推測(cè)。文章四:主旨大意題1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:主旨大意題解題方法與步驟：主旨大意題指針對(duì)段落或短文的subject(主題)、mainidea(主題思想)、title(題目)或purpose(目的)擬題。1．看文章首尾和各段開頭，找出主題句或通過瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨。2．以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣或意圖等其他深層次問題。主旨大意題

干擾項(xiàng)

可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。干擾項(xiàng)

可能是從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。干擾項(xiàng)

可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。(正確答案):據(jù)文章全面理解而歸納概括出來的；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。Passage4InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodofcheaperfor-eigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian’sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能滿足的）society.練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題解釋Que