全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試試題（理工類）

第一部分閱讀理解（75分）

Passage1

CATVisashortwayofsaying〃communityantenna（天線）television.

But“cabletelevision'7isthetermmostpeopleuse.Cabletelevision

allowsviewerstoreceiveTVprogramsthattheycannotpickupwith

theirregularantennas.

Televisionsignalsdonotfollowthecurve（曲線）oftheearth.They

travelinstraightlinesinalldirections.SignalsfromaTV

stationmovetowardthehorizon（水平線）andthengointospace.If

youliveonlyafewmilesfromastation,youmaynotgetany

pictureatall.

CATVbeganin1948.PeopleinplacesfarfromTVstationsshared

thecostofputtinguphighantennas.Acommunityantennawas

usuallyplacedonahill,amountain,oronahightower.The

antennapickedupTVsignalsandfedthemintoasmalllocal

station.Fromthestation,thickwirescalledcablesranoutto

nearbyhomes.Eachpersonusingthecablepaidamonthlycharge.

CATVworkedwell,andsoonnewuseswerefoundforit.Local

stationscouldfeedprogramsintoemptychannelsthatwerenotin

use.Peoplealongthecablecouldhavelocalnews,weatherreports,

andfarmandschoolnewsatnoextracharge.

Today,cabletelevisionhasmovedintocities.Itbringsinextra

programsthatcityviewerswithregularantennascannotsee.Itis

alsousedinmanyclassroomsthroughoutthecountry.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat________.

OA.mostpeopleusecabletelevision

OB.”communityantenna"isanothernamefor〃regularantenna”

OC.acommunityantennaisusedforcabletelevision

OD.regularantennascannotpickupTVsignalsprograms

2.Ofthefollowing,whichisNOTthewayTVsignalstravel?

OA.Inacurve.

OB.Inastraightline.

OC.Inalldirection.

OD.Towardthehorizon.

3.CableTVisbecomingmoreandpopularbecause.

OA.itisfreeofcharge

OB.itcanprovidemoreprograms

OC.itprovidesallTVusersgoodpictures

OD.TVsetswithregularantennascanalsohaveagoodreception

throughCATV

4.Onthewhole,thispassageisabout.

OA.howtoputuphighantennas

OB.awayofpickingupbetterTVprograms

OC.howtousetheemptychannelsonyourTVset

OD.thewaythatTVsignalsaresent

5.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

OA.TVhasbeguntobeusedforeducationalpurposes

OB.thereisnochargeforCATV

OC.cableTVcannotbeusedinmountainousareas

OD.antennasforcableTVareusuallyputupinthecenterofa

community

Passage2

Inearliesttimes,menconsideredlightningtobeoneofthegreat

mysteriesofnature.Someancientpeoplebelievedthatlightningand

thunderweretheweaponsofthegods.

Inreality,lightningisaflowofelectricityformedhighabovethe

earth.Asingleflashoflightning1.6kilometerslonghasenough

electricitytolightonemillionlightbulbs.

TheAmericanscientistandstatesman,BenjaminFranklin,wasthefirst

toshowtheconnectionbetweenelectricityandlightningin1752.In

thesameyearhealsobuiltthefirstlightningrod.Thisdevice

protectsbuildingsfromdamagebylightning.

Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatonestrokeoflightingcontains

morethan15millionvolts.Asparkbetweenacloudandtheearth

maybeaslongas13kilometers,andtravelataspeedof30

millionmeterspersecond.

Scientistsestimatethatthereareabout2000millionflashesof

lightningperyear.LightninghitstheEmpireStateBuildinginNew

YorkCity30to48timesayear.IntheUnitedStatesalongit

killsanaverageofonepersoneveryday.

Thesafestplacetobeincaseofanelectricalstormisina

closedcar.Outside,oneshouldgotolowgroundandnotgetunder

trees.Also,oneshouldstayoutofwaterandawayfrommetal

fences.Insideahouse,peopleshouldavoidopendoorwaysandwindows

andnottouchwiresormetalthings.

Withlightning,itisbettertobesafethansorry!

6.Lightningisreally.

OA.weapon

OB.electricity

OC.light

OD.mystery

7.Peopleoncethoughthatlightningcamefrom.

OA.scientists

OB.ground

OC.lightningrod

OD.gods

8.Oneflashoflightningcanproduceenoughelectricityfor

bulbs.

OA.10,000

OB.1,000

OC.1,000,000

OD.100

9.BenjaminFranklin.

OA.madethefirstlightningrod

OB.inventedelectricity

OC.builttheEmpireStateBuilding

OD.preventedLightningfromhittingcars

10.isthebestplacetobeduringanelectricalstorm.

OA.Swimmingpool

OB.ahighground

OC.Underatree

OD.Acar

Passage3

Becauseoftheenergycrisis,scientistsintheoil-consumingnations

havebecomeincreasinglyinterestedinthepotentia].（潛在的）ofsolar

energy.Someexpertsestimatethatthepresentsupplyoffossil（化石）

fuelwillnotlastuntiltheendofthetwentiethcentury.The

problemthatsolarenergyresearchersfaceishowtoharness（利用）

thesun'senergyeffectivelyandinexpensively.Oneofthemost

popularmethodscurrentlybeingtestedusesrooftopsolarcollectors

andundergroundstoragetanks.Anadvantageofaproperlyworking

systemofthistypeisthatitwillnotcreateanyenvironmental

pollution.Anotheradvantageofusingsolarenergyisthatthecost

ofthefuel-thesun'srays-iszero.Whenasolarheatingsystemis

workingatmaximum（最大的）efficiency,itcanprovideupto80

percentofwinterheatingneeds.

11.Themaintopicofthispassageis.

OA.theshortageoffossilfuel

OB.theproblemsthatenergyresearchersface

OC.anenvironmentalpollutionproblem

OD.aninexpensiveenergysource

12.Onepopularsolarheatingsystemmakesuseof.

OA.roofcollectorsandundergroundstorage

OB.fossilfuelconversion

OC.undergroundoiltanks

OD.watercollectionandevaporation

13.Thecostofusingthesun，sraysforheatingis.

OA.aboutthesameasthecostoffossilfuels

OB.severalhundreddollarsperyear

OC.negligiblecomparedwithotherenergysources

OD.determinedbytheseverityofthewinter

14.Whichofthefollowingdescribesanadvantageofusingsolar

energy?

OA.Thereislittleornoenvironmentalpollution.

OB.Alargepercentageoffuelcostscanbesaved.

OC.Fossilfuelswillbecomemoreplentiful.

OD.Theoil-consumingnationswillnothavetoimportoil.

15.Accordingtosomeexperts,thesupplyoffossilfuelwillnot

last.

OA.onemorecentury

OB.anindeterminabletime

OC.untiltheendofthiscentury

OD.indefinitely

第二部分完成句子（25分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成句子，每個(gè)空格只能填一個(gè)單詞。有的單詞第一個(gè)字母已經(jīng)給出，請(qǐng)將其

余字母補(bǔ)全。

Notlongago,anairplanewasflyingoverNewZealand.Therewasa

televisioncameracrewonboard.Suddenly,outinthenightsky,a

brightsphere（球體）cameintoview.Everyoneonboardsawitand

everyonethough,〃UFO〃-UnidentifiedFlyingObject.Thecameracrewwent

intoactionandstartedfilming.Thatweekpeopleallovertheworld

sawthefilmofthismysteriouslightontheirtelevisionscreens.

Whatwasit?Wasitaspaceshipfullofvisitorsfromanother

planet?Thecaptainoftheaeroplaneandthefilmcrewbelievedit

was.Otherobservershadmanydifferentexplanations.Somesaidit

wasVenus（金星）?Otherssaiditwasjustatrickoflight.

Anairtrafficcontrolleralsosawitonhisradarscreen.He

thoughtthataflockofbirdswascausingdotsonhisradarscreen

whenthe〃UFO〃appeared.

Mostastronomersnowbelievethatwhatthesepeoplesawwasalmost

certainlytheplanetVenus.Atthattimeofyearitisverybright

andeasytosee.Andfromamovingaeroplaneitcanappeartobe

movingfast.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsorspaceshipsfrom

otherplanetsdoexist.TheseyearsinvestigatorsofUFOshave

investigatedthousandsofsighting-oroccasionswhenpeoplesaidthey

sawaUFO.Ninetypercentoftheseturnedouttohaveasimple

explanation.

However,it'sgoodideatokeepanopenmind.Scientistsinsome

countriesaretryingtopersuadetheirgovernmentstohelpthemstudy

UFOs.Andtheyareplanningtocooperateinter-nationallyonreporting

andinvestigatingsightingsofUFOs.

Afterall,itisquitepossiblethatthereislifeouttherein

theuniverse.Andifsomethingisalive,itisquitepossiblethat

itwillcometovisitus.

16.ThecaptainandthecameracrewbelievedthatUFOwasav

spaceshipfromanotherplanet.

17.ManyobelievedthattheUFOwasVenus.

18.SofarthereisnoproofthatUFOsarespfromouterspace.

19.Somescientistsintheworldareplanningtodosomeron

UFOs.

20.Plifeintheuniversemaytrytomakeavisittous.

第三部分閱讀理解（80分）

Passage1

Inrecentyears,scientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentshave

drasticallychangedhumanlifeonourplanet,aswellasourviews

bothofourselvesasindividualsinsocietyandoftheuniverseas

awhole.Maybeoneofthemostprofounddevelopmentsofthelast

decadeisthediscoveryofrecombinantDNAtechnology,whichallows

scientiststointroducegenetic（遺傳學(xué)的）material（orgenes）from

oneorganismintoanother.Initssimplestform,thetechnology

requirestheisolationofapieceofDNA,eitherdirectlyfromthe

DNAoftheorganismunderstudy,orartificiallysynthesizedfroman

DNA.ThispieceofDNAisthenligated（結(jié)扎）toafragmentof

bacterialDNAwhichhasthecapacitytoreplicate（復(fù)制）itself

independently.Therecombinantmoleculethusproducedcanbeintroduced

intothecommonintestinal（內(nèi)部的）bacteriumEscherishchiacoli,which

canbegrowninverylargeamountsinsyntheticmedia.Underproper

conditions,theforeigngenewillnotonlyreplicateinthebacteria,

butalsoexpressitself,throughtheprocessoftranscriptionand

translation,togiverisetolargeamountsofthespecificprotein

codedbytheforeigngene.

Thetechnologyhasalreadybeensuccessfullyappliedtotheproduction

ofseveraltherapeutically（療法的）importantbiomolecules,suchas,

growthhormones,interferon,insulin.

Manyotherimportantapplicationsareunderdetailedinvestigationin

laboratoriesthroughouttheworld.

21.RecombinantDNAtechnologyconsistsprimarilyof.

OA.producingseveraltherapeuticallyimportantbiomolecules

OB.givingrisetolargeamountsofprotein

OC.introducinggeneticmaterialfromoneorganismintoanother

OD.usingaviralenzymecalledreversetranscriptase

22.RecombinantDNAtechnologyhasbeenusedintheproductionof

allofthefollowingbiomoleculesexcept.

OA.growthhormones

OB.Escherishchiacoli

OC.interferon

OD.insulin

23.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

OA.Theforeigngenewillreplicateinthebacteria,butitwill

notexpressitselfthroughtranscriptionandtranslation.

OB.ThebacteriumEscherishchiacolicanbegrowninlargeamounts

insyntheticmedia.

OC.Researchcontinuesinanefforttofindotherusesforthis

technology.

OD.RecombinantDNAtechnologyisarecentdevelopment.

24.ExpressionofageneinEscherishchiacolirequires.

OA.theviralenzymereversetranscriptase

OB.theprocessesoftranscriptionandtranslation

OC.productionofinsulinandotherbiomolecules

OD.thatthebacteriabegrowninasyntheticmedia

25.Thetermrecombinantisusedbecause.

OA.byligation,arecombinantmoleculeisproduced,whichhasthe

capacityofreplication

OB.thetechniquerequiresthecombinationofseveraltypesof

technology

OC.byligation,arecombinantproteinisproduced,partofwhose

aminoacidscomefromdifferentorganism

OD.Escherishchiacoliisarecombinantorganism

Passage2

Watchababybetweensixandninemonthsold,andyouwillobserve

thebasicconceptsofgeometrybeinglearned.Oncethebabyhas

masteredtheideathatspaceisthree-dimensional,itreachesout

andbeginsgraspingvariouskindsofobjects.Itisthen,from

perhapsninetofifteenmonths,thattheconceptsofsetsand

numbersareformed.Sofar,sogood.Butnowominous（不祥的）

developmenttakesplace.Thenervefibersinthebraininsulate（使隔

離）themselvesinsuchawaythatthebabybeginstohearsounds

veryprecisely.Soonitpicksuplanguage,anditisthenbrought

intodirectcommunicationwithadults.Fromthispointon,itis

usuallydownhillallthewayformathematics,becausethechildnow

becomesexposedtoallthenonsensewordsandbeliefsofthe

communityintowhichithasbeensounfortunateastohavebeen

born.Naturehavingdoneverywellbythechildnowbecomesexposed

toallthenonsensewordsandbeliefsoftothispoint,having

permittedittheluxuryofthinkingforitselfforeighteenmonths,

nowabandonsittothearbitraryconventionsandbeliefsofsociety.

Butatleastthechildknowssomethingofgeometryandnumbers,and

itwillalwaysretainsomememoryoftheearlyhalcyon（平靜的）days

nomatterwhatvicissitudes（變化）itmaysufferlateron.Themain

reservoirofmathematicaltalentinanysocietyisthuspossessedby

childrenwhoareabouttwoyearsold.Childrenwhohavejustlearned

tospeakfluently.

26.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

OA.Theimpactoflanguageonmathematics.

OB.Children'sabilitytolearnlanguages.

OC.Howbasicconceptsofphysicsarelearned.

OD.Math-learningstrategiesforbabies.

27.Accordingtothepassage,whichoffollowingactivitieswould

teachababygeometry?

OA.Pickingupawoodenblock.

OB.Recognizingthenumber2.

OC.Utteringanonsenseword.

OD.Lookingatdistantobjects.

28.Accordingtotheauthor,atwhatagedoesachildprobably

begintolearnaboutsetsandnumbers?

OA.Sixmonths.

OB.Ninemonths.

OC.Fifteenmonths.

OD.Eighteenmonths.

29.Theuseoftheword“ominous"showsthattheauthorbelievethe

child，s____.

OA.linguisticfutureisthreatened

OB.nerveswilldeteriorate

OC.hearingwillsuffer

OD.mathematicalabilityalldecline

30.Thepassagesupportwhichofthefollowingconclusions?

OA.Thelanguageconceptsusedinearlyeducationinterferewith

mathematicalreasoning.

OB.Itishopelesstotrytoteachchildrenmathematicsafterthe

ageoftwo.

OC.Languageteachingshouldincorporatesomemathematicalformulas.

OD.Preschooleducationshouldstresssociety，sbeliefsand

conventions

第四部分概括大意（20分）

給下面一篇文章的每一段概括大意。每一段的主題用一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞表示，空出的詞已給出

了第一個(gè)字母，請(qǐng)把其余字母補(bǔ)全。

31.TheSolarE

Thesunisthesourceofmostoftheheatknowntous.Asa

directsourceofheat,thesunmaintainslifeuponthisplanet,150

000000kilometersdistant.Itisalsoanindirectsourceofheat.

Sincetheearthisderivedfromthesun,itisthelatterthatwe

musttracesomeoftheearth'sinternalheatthatrevealsitself

throughvolcanoes,geysers（噴泉），andhotsprings.

32.InsectsandSurfaceT

Aninsectisnotafraidofgravity,butitisindeadlyfearof

anotherforceofnature.Thisforceiscalledsurfacetension（張力）.

Amancomingoutofabathcarrieswithhimafilmofwaterabout

onefiftiethofaninchinthickness.Thisweightsaboutapound.A

wetmousehastocarryitsownweightinwater.Awetflyhasto

liftmanytimesitsownweight,and,aseveryoneknows,aflyonce

wettedbywateroranyotherliquidisinaveryseriousposition

indeed.Aninsectgoingforadrinkisinasgreatdangerasa

manleaningovertheedgeofacliffinsearchoffood.Ifit

oncefallsintothegripofthesurfacetensionofthewater-

thatistosay,getswetitislikelytoremainsountilit

drowns.Afewinsectscontrivetobeunwettable;themajoritykeep

awayfromtheirdrinkbymeansoflongproboscis（喙）.

33.TofBoilingPointofLiquids

Whenthetemperatureofaliquidisraisedenough,theliquidboils.

Thismeansthatbubblesofvapor,containingmillionsofmolecules

formbelowthesurface.Inorderforsuchbubblestobeproduced,

thepressureofthevaporinsidethemmustbeequaltothepressure

oftheairuponthesurfaceoftheliquid.Iftheairpressureis

greater,thebubblewillcollapse.Theboilingpointofaliquid,

then,isthetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquid

isequaltotheatmosphericpressureupontheliquidatthesurface.

34.EandContraction

Solidsalsoexpandwithincreaseintemperatureandcontractwhen

cooled.Buttheydonotbehavequitesouniformly（相同地）inthis

respectasliquidsandgasesdo,particularlyinthecaseofwide

variations,intemperature.Mostsolidsexpendorcontractbya

definiteamountforeverydegreeofthetemperaturethatrisesor

falls.Theamountbywhichonsubstanceexpandsandcontractsfor

onedegreeisnotusuallythesameasthatforadifferent

substance.Thus,foragivenriseintemperature,apieceofbrass

expandsatlittlemorethanapieceofcopperandmuchmorethana

pieceofsteelofthesamesize.

35.AofElectricTrains

Electrictrainshavemanyadvantagesoverthosedrawnbysteam

engines.Thereisnosmoketosoilthepassengers*clothesandthe

cushionsinthetrain.Becausetheycarrynoheavyloadsofcoal

andwater,thesetrainscanstartandstopwithlesswasteofpower.

Inastationtheyaresilent:there,snosteamtoproducenoiseto

deafenthepassengers.

第五部分閱讀理解（120分）

Passage1

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-way

mirror…theglassintheroofagreenhousewhichallowsthesuns

raystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert*sprediction,theatmospherewillbe

7oCwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuesto

burnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,the

icecapesinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevel

severalmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,the

increaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesin

theclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginan

alterationoftheearth*schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhas

concentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderand

hasamuchthickericesheet.Buttheweatherexpertsarenow

payingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedby

onlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthe

scalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfrom

theburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealready

disappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastaken

place.ThisfitsthetheorythatcarbonDioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,where

temperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,that

uptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthose

causedbyman.Thequestionis.Whichnaturalcausehasthemost

effectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersat

oneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand〃cold〃spots

(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesun

rotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facesto

theearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.

Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableaffectonthedistributionofthe

earth,satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.The

sunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupand

downincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-

weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsof

years,includingthelastIceAge.Theproblemisthatthemodels

arepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeand

itisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyisto

assumeadefaultofthousandsofyeaswhilethesolareffects

overcometheinertia(慣性)oftheearth，sclimate.Ifthisisright,

thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasa

usefulcounter-balancetothesunsdiminishingheat.

36.Itcanconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideinthe

atmospherewould.

OA.preventthesun'sraysfromreachingtheearth，ssurface

OB.meanawarmingupintheArctic

OC.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthern

hemisphere

OD.raisethetemperatureoftheearth*ssurface

37.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain.

OA.thegreenhouseeffect

OB.thesolareffectsontheearth

OC.themodelsofsolar-weatherintraction，s

OD.thecausesaffectingweather

38.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthern

hemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis.

OA.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

OB.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

OC.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth's

climate

OD.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

39.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinion

that.

OA.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

OB.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth's

climatetotakeeffect

OC.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

OD.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

40.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,

OA.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburn

morefuels

OB.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

OC.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecould

warmuptheearthevenmorequickly

OD.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

Passage2

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,

naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld（physical

andbiologicalsciences）,andsciencesdealingwithmankind（psychology,

sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindof

historicalknowledge）.Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophy,about

whichwewilltalklater.Inthefirstplace,allthisispureor

theoreticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,

inorderto