高中英語必修三

高中英語必修三考點(diǎn)一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（unit1，unit2）一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn):1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。2.有些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過去式的變化:e.g.will→would,can→could,may→might,

dare→dared二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形cannot:can't,mustnot:mustn't,neednot:needn't三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法及相互區(qū)別,是考試的內(nèi)容之一1.can,beableto

beableto表示經(jīng)過努力后,能夠做到;beableto有多種形式的變化。can

1).表示體力或腦力方面的能力;2).表示允許、可能性。could是can的過去式,表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性;用于疑問句表示委婉地提出問題。1)Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone____getout.

(NMET97)A.hadto

B.would

C.could

D.wasableto2)-Willyoustayforlunch?

-Sorry,__.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.(NMET99)A.Imustn't

B.Ican't

C.Ineedn't

D.Iwon't2.may表示詢問或說明一件事可不可做;表示某事有可能發(fā)生。might是may的過去式;用在疑問中比may委婉、客氣。1)-MayItakethisbookoutofthereading-room?-No,youmustn't.

(Yes,youmay.)2)-MightImakeasuggestion?

-Yes,youmay.3.must1).表示必須要做的事:必須

2)表示很有把握的推斷:一定,準(zhǔn)是。have(has)to:have(has)gotto

必須,不得不。過去式:hadto3)-MustIgettothestationbeforethreeo'clock?-Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't.)4)I'mafraidyouwillhavetowaitawhile.5)Shemustbeintheclassroomnow.6)Mary____beinParis,Isawherintownonlyafewminutesago.(NMET94)A.mustn't

B.shouldn't

C.can't

D.maynot4.shall

1)在疑問句中,用于第一、三人稱表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)求。2)用于二、三人稱,表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾等概念。1)-ShallIplaceanorderwithyounow?-No,youneedn’t.-Shallheturndowntheradioabit?

-Yes,please.(No,pleasedon't.)2)YoushallhavetheEnglishbookassoonasIfinishit.3)Everythingthatheownsshallbetakenawayfromhim.4)Yourbrotherseldomcomestoseeyou,____?A.doeshe

B.doesn'the

C.willhe

D.isn'the5)It'safineday.Let'sgofishing,____?A.won'twe

B.willwe

C.don'twe

D.shallwe5.should

應(yīng)該;應(yīng)當(dāng)1)Youshouldlistentothedoctor'sadvice.2)Youshouldstudythearticlecarefully.6.will,would1)在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問。用would語氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)。2)will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);would表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。3)will用于各種人稱,表示意志、意愿、決心、允諾;would表示過去時(shí)間的意志、意愿、......。(1)Don'tsmokeinthemeetingroom,___you?

A.doyouB.willyou

C.canyou

D.couldyou-Willyoucomewithme?

-Yes,Iwill.(Iamsorry,Ican't.)(2)-Wouldyoutellussomethingaboutyourself?

-Yes,Iwill.(3)-It'smybirthdaytomorrow.Don'tforgettocometomyparty.-_____.A.Idon't

B.Iwon't

C.Ican't

D.Ihaven'7.oughtto

應(yīng)該;應(yīng)當(dāng)1)Yououghtn'ttosmoketoomuch.2)She____forwhatshehasdone.A.oughttopraise

B.oughtbepraisedC.oughttohavepraised

D.oughttobepraise8.dare

1.daretocome

2.darecome1)Hedarenottellthetruth.2)Hedoesn'tdaretocomeoutatnight.3)Idon'tknowwhetherhe____try.A.dare

B.needs

C.wants

D.isallowed9.need

1).作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:必須

2).作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞:需要A.主語是人

need(todosomething;tobedonebysomebody)

B.主語是事物

need(doing;tobedone)1)-Dotheyneedtotakeanybookswiththem?-No,theydon'tneedto.2)-Needwebuyanynewequipment?

-No,weneedn't.3)Thisfarmtoolneedsrepairing.Thisfarmtoolneedstoberepaired.

4)-ShallItellJohnaboutit?

Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure．注:在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用：should+動(dòng)詞原形

It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.B．It+系動(dòng)詞+名詞+that從句。如：Itisourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace．我們的希望是雙方能朝著和平的方向發(fā)展。注:在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型

Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C．It+be+v．ed形式+that從句。如：Itisannouncedthattheplanhasbeensuccessfullycarriedout．據(jù)宣布計(jì)劃已經(jīng)順利實(shí)施。注:在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中從句也常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型

It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance2．連接代詞引導(dǎo)①Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave．我們得不到的東西似乎比我們擁有的東西好。②whotheletterwasfromisstillunknown．這封信是誰寄出的還不清楚。③Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize．你們當(dāng)中第一個(gè)到達(dá)這里的人將獲得獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。3．連接副詞引導(dǎo)①Howacupuncturereducesandrelievespainisunclear．針灸是如何減輕和解除疼痛的還不清楚。②whydinosaurssuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery．恐龍為什么突然消失了還是個(gè)謎。考點(diǎn)2賓語從句從屬連詞(不作成分）that,whether,if

連接代詞（作成分）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever

連接副詞（作狀語）when,where,how,why

1．連接詞that，whether，if引導(dǎo)①Ithink(that)youshouldturntotheteacherforhelp．我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該向老師尋求幫助。②Idon’tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears．我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。特別提示whether/if都意為“是否”。一般情況下，它們可以互換，口語中常用if，但以下情況中，只能用whether。(1)與ornot緊接連用時(shí)。如：LetmeknoWwhetherornotyoucancome．請(qǐng)讓我知道你是否能來。(2)作介詞的賓語從句時(shí)。如：Weareinterestedinwhetheryouwillattendthemeeting．我們對(duì)你是否參加會(huì)議感興趣。2．連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)連接代詞有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，連接副詞有when，where，why，how等。如：①Sheaskedmewhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass．她問我班上誰的書法最好。②I’11justsaywhatevercomesintomymind．我想到什么就說什么。③DoyouknowwhentheancientOlympicGamesbegan?你知道古代的奧運(yùn)會(huì)是什么時(shí)間開始的嗎?④I’vebeenthinkingabouthowwecanmakethenewspapermoreinteresting．我一直在考慮如何使我們的報(bào)紙更用趣。3．賓語從句的語序在賓語從句中要用陳述句語序。如：①Heaskedmewhenwecouldsetoutthenextday．他問我第二天什么時(shí)候可以出發(fā)。②Didyoufindoutwhereshelosthercar?你查出她在哪里丟的車了嗎?4．賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，其賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)。如：①Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday．她說她周一至周五上班。(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))②shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk．她說她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條。(從句是一般將來時(shí))③Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei．她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去式時(shí)，其賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時(shí)態(tài)。如：①Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon．他說昨天下午沒有課。(從句是一般過去時(shí))②Hesaidthathewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby．他說他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒。(從句是過去將來時(shí))③Hesaidthattheywerehavingameetingatthattime．他說他們那時(shí)正在開會(huì)。(從句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí))(3)當(dāng)賓語從句是表達(dá)客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)仍舊用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：①Theteachertoldusthatnothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit．老師告訴我們世上無難事，只怕有心人。②Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound．他說光比聲音傳播得快。特別提示在使用賓語從句時(shí)需要注意下面幾點(diǎn)：(1)動(dòng)詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則需要用it作形式賓語，而將that賓語從句后置。如：①Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday．我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的。②IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries．我每天寫日記成了慣例。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，takeforgranted等表示“喜歡；痛恨；認(rèn)為”的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語和seeto表示“注意，留意”后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，需要用it作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。如：①Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood．我討厭他們滿嘴食物說話。②Whenyoustarttheengine，youmustseetoitthatthecarisinneutral．啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空檔位置。(3)介詞后的賓語從句。如：①Sheisalwaysthinkingofhowshecandomoreforothers．她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。②Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub．我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。(4)賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。將think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。如：①Idon’tthinkIknowyou．我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。②Idon’tbelievehewillcome．我相信他不回來。

(5)在于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句謂語用should+動(dòng)詞原形（insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desire）Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.考點(diǎn)3、表語從句從屬連詞(不作成分）that,whether,asif,asthought連接代詞（作成分）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever

連接副詞（作狀語）when,where,how,why.because

1．連接詞引導(dǎo)①Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasn’tbeeninformed．他缺席的原因就是他沒接到通知。②Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus．問題還是他們能否幫我們。2．連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)①Theproblemiswhowilltakechargeofthisshop．問題是誰將接管這家店鋪。②ThatiswhenIrealizedtheimportanceofjournalism．那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到新聞工作的重要性。特別提示(1)as/asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在特定動(dòng)詞后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式(haddone).如：①Itsoundsasifsomeonewasknockingatthedoor．聽上去好像有人在敲門。②Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit(2)當(dāng)主句的主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，這種用法常見于句型Thereasonwhy…isthat…。如：Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathegotuplate．他來得晚是因?yàn)槠鸫餐砹?。考點(diǎn)4同位語從句同位語從句在句子中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞之后，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。這些名詞常見的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。1．通常用連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，that無詞義，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意從句用陳述句語序。如：①TheyexpressedthehopethatwewouldgoandvisitShanghaiagain．他們表示希望我們?cè)偃ピL問上海。②Ihavenoideathatshequitherpresentjob．我不知道她辭掉了現(xiàn)在的工作。③Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening．答應(yīng)我，你今天晚上會(huì)來參加我們的聚會(huì)。2．同位語從句還可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引導(dǎo)。如：①ThestudentaskedmethequestionwhetherthebookWasworthreading．學(xué)生問了我這個(gè)問題：這本書是否值得一讀。②Ihavenoideawhyhewasexcitedatthattime．我不知道當(dāng)時(shí)他激動(dòng)的原因。1.在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略．Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.考點(diǎn)5名詞性從句需要注意的事項(xiàng)1．that的用法。在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中that一般不能夠省略；在賓語從句