食品安全及應(yīng)對(試題版)-2023年高考英語名校試題熱點重點話題

2023年高考英語名校試題熱點重點話題精選

精選05食品安全及應(yīng)對

1熱點介紹

隨著經(jīng)濟的全球化，食品安全日益成為備受關(guān)注的熱門話題。近幾年來，世界上一些國家和地區(qū)食品

安全的惡性事件不斷發(fā)生，隨著食品加工過程中化學(xué)品和新技術(shù)的廣泛使用，新的食品安全問題不斷涌現(xiàn)。

盡管現(xiàn)代科技己發(fā)展到了相當水平，但食源性疾病不論在發(fā)達國家還是發(fā)展中國家，都沒有得到有效的控

制，仍然嚴重地危害著人民的健康，成為當今世界各國最關(guān)注的衛(wèi)生問題之一。

民以食為天，食以安為先。食品是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的最基本的物質(zhì)條件，食品安全涉及人類最基

本權(quán)利的保障。在我國國民經(jīng)濟中，食品工業(yè)占有重要的地位。隨著我國經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展，食品種類越來

越豐富，產(chǎn)品數(shù)量供給充足有余，在滿足食品需求供給平衡的同時，食品質(zhì)量安全問題越來越突出。假冒

偽劣食品頻頻被曝光，危害消費者身體健康和生命安全的群發(fā)性事件時有發(fā)生，食品安全問題己成為全國

消費者關(guān)注的焦點。

食品安全指食品無毒、無害，符合應(yīng)當有的營養(yǎng)要求，對人體健康不造成任何急性、亞急性或者慢

性危害。根據(jù)倍諾食品安全定義，食品安全是“食物中有毒、有害物質(zhì)對人體健康影響的公共衛(wèi)生問題”。

題型精選

序號題型主要內(nèi)容

1閱讀理解歐盟允許重新使用昆蟲飼料喂養(yǎng)動物并鼓勵人類食用昆蟲

2閱讀理解研究表明孩子們更有可能喜歡天然的食物

3閱讀理解實驗結(jié)果表明甜味劑增加癌癥風(fēng)險是不確定的

4閱讀理解消費者要注意判斷產(chǎn)品推廣是否是真實的

5七選五機上食物嘗起來沒有味道的原因

6完形填空雨林的消失產(chǎn)生了多個惡果

一、閱讀理解

1

（2022?貴州黔南?高三開學(xué)考試）Firstitwaspets,thenfish.Nowit'schickensandpigs.Thelistofanimals

allowedtofeedoninsectsisgrowing.AnewEUlawpermittingtheuseofinsectproteininchickenandpigfeed

cameintoforceearlierthismonth,animportantmilestoneforanindustrydeterminedtowormitswayintothe

animal-feedbusiness.

Sinceabanonprocessedanimalproteinwascarriedoutin2001becauseofthe“madcow“disease,soybean

andfishmealhavebecomethebasisofanimalfeedinEurope.Buttheirproductionneedslotsofspaceandcanbe

harmfultotheenvironment,soteedproducersarelookingforotherways.

Insectsarejusttheticket.Theyareraisedinfarmsthatrequirelittlelandorwater,andtheycanbefedon

agriculturalby-productsorfoodwastesuchasrottingfruitandvegetables.They'realsoanaturalfit.Mostwildfish,

birdsandpigseatinsects.

Theonethinggoingagainstthemisprice.Insectproteinistwotothreetimesmoreexpensivethanfishmeal

andsoybean.Increasingproductionmayhelpreducethedifference.Rabobank,aDutchlender,predictsthatglobal

insectproductionwillreach500,000tonnesayearby2030,upfromjust10,000tonnescurrently,andthatprices

willtumble.

Insectcompanieshaveworkedhardontheirbusiness.Researchsuggestsinsectsmaybemorethanmerefeed,

promotinggrowthratesandimmunesystemsaswellasfillingstomachs.Theyalsooffertheprospect（前景）ofa

green,localprotein.

ThisyeartheEuropeanFoodSafetyAgencyhasruledthatthreespeciesofinsects,yellowmealworm,locusts

andhousecrickets,aresafeforhumanstoeataswell.Strangely,peopleseemlessinterestedintheideathan

chickensandpigs.

I.Whydidsoybeanandfishmealbecomelessandlesspopular?

A.Theycancause“madcow^^disease.B.Theyareforbiddentoproduce.

C.Theymaydoharmtoenvironment.D.Theyareagriculturalby-products.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tumble“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.remainuncertainB.keepsteadyC.goupD.godown

3.Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theusagesofinsects.B.Thespeciesofinsects.

C.Thecompaniesofinsects.D.Immunesystemsofinsects.

4.Whatispeople'sattitudetowardtheinsectprotein?

A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Unconcerned.D.Curious.

2

（2022?云南昆明?高三開學(xué)考試）Childrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturalto

human-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfortastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.

ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsand

childrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldoftheirorigins.

Inonestudy,137childrenaged6to10yearsoldwereshownthreeapples.Theyweretoldonewasgrownona

farm,onewasmadeinalab,andanothergrownonatreeinsidealab.Adultstookpartinthesamestudyto

compareagegroups.Bothchildrenandadultspreferredapplestheybelievedweregrownonfarmstothosegrown

inlabs,researchersfound.Childrenweremorelikelytorefertofreshness,beingoutside,orsunlightwhen

consideringwhytheychosethefarmapple.Adultsweremorelikelytomentionnaturalness.

Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adultswereshownfourdifferentkinds

oforangejuice-onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinformationaboutit,onewithchemicals

removedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.ResearchersfoundthattheinfbiTnationonthejuice's

naturalnesshadasignificanteffectonitsrating.Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedon

perceivedtaste,safetyanddesiretoconsume.

DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh'sSchoolofPhilosophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciences

said,"Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodispresentinchildhood.Thisresearch

offersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,includingwhethertheyaresocially

learnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.^^

5.Howdidresearchersdrawtheirconclusion?

A.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byanalyzingreasons.

C.Bytestingchildren'stastes.D.Bystudyingdifferentfruits.

6.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetwostudiesmentionedinthetext?

A.Adultspreferapplestoorangejuice.B.Chemicalsdoharmtoeaters'health.

C.Naturalnessattractsdifferentagegroups.D.Labsarewherefruitscanbeeasilyplanted.

7.WhafsDrWilks'attitudetowardthestudy?

A.Doubtful.B.Tolerant.C.Uncaring.D.Positive.

8.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhichtoChoose,ApplesorOrangeJuice?

B.WheretoGrowFruits,onFarmsorinLabs?

C.NaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildren

D.DifferentAgeGroupsShowDifferentPreferences

3

（2022?內(nèi)蒙古?滿洲里市教研培訓(xùn)中心三模）Sweeteners（甜味齊lj）areconsumedbymillionseverydayin

productslikedietsoda,partlyasawaytoavoidweightgainfromsugar-buthowhealthythesesubstitutesarehas

longbeencontroversial.

Toassessthecancerriskofsweeteners,researchersanalysedthedataofmorethan100,000peopleinFrance

whoself-reportedtheirdiet,lifestyleandmedicalhistoryinintervalsbetween2009-2021.

“Theparticipantswhoconsumedthelargestamountofsweeteners,beyondthemiddleamount,hadan

increasedcancerriskof13percentcomparedtonon-consumers,^^saidMathildeTouvier,researchdirectorat

France'sINSERMinstitute.

Thestudysaidthatahighercancerriskwasparticularlyseenwithsweetenersaspartame（阿巴斯甜）and

acesulfamepotassium（安賽蜜），usedinmanysoftdrinksincludingCokeZero.Softdrinksaccountedformorethan

halfoftheartificialsweetenersconsumed,whiletable-topsweetenersrepresented29percent.

Thestudyfoundthat“higherriskswereobservedforbreastcancerandobesity-relatedcancers,,.Touviersaid

“wecannottotallyexcludebiaseslinkedtothelifestyleofconsumers”,callingforfurtherresearchtoconfirmthe

study'sresults.

TheUSNationalCancerInstituteandCancerResearchUKbothsaythatsweetenersdonotcausecancer,and

theyhavebeenauthorisedforusebytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority.MichaelJonesofTheInstituteofCancer

Research,Londonsaidthatthelinkreportedinthestudywas"notproofthatartificialsweetenerscausecancer”.

Hesaidthefindingscouldsuggestthat“cancerriskmayberaisedinthetypeofpersonwhousesartificial

sweetenerratherthanthesweeteneritself.^^

Thursday'sfindingsalsodonotmeanconsumersshouldrushbacktosugarydrinks-aformerstudyfoundthat

theywerealsolinkedtoahigherriskofseveralcancertypes.

9.Whydopeopleprefertochooseproductswithsweeteners?

A.Theseproductsarecheapinprice.

B.Sweetenersusedinthemaretotallysafe.

C.Sweetenersinthemhelppeoplenottoputonweight.

D.Theseproductshavebettertastethanthosewithsugar.

10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?

A.Scientistsmainlyfocusonsweetenersusedinsoftdrinks.

B.Thefindingswerenotsupportedbyallscientistsandinstitutes.

C.Thedatawascollectedonalargescalefornomorethantenyears.

D.Theintakeofsweetenerscanleadto13%participantsfacingcancerrisk.

11.WhichofthefollowingwouldMichaelJonesagreewith?

A.Artificialsweetenersshouldn'tbeusedcautiously.

B.Drinkingmuchdietsodawillbringinlowerriskofcancer.

C.Peopleshouldtakeinfoodwithsugarinsteadofsweeteners.

D.Cancerriskmayhavemuchtodowiththelifestyleofpeople.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Sweetenersincreasingcancerrisk:notforsure

B.Thefutureofemployingartificialsweeteners

C.Timetorushbacktosugarydrinks

D.Alarge-scalestudyonsweeteners

4

(2022?天津市新華中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測)“InonlysixdaysIlostsevenpoundsofweight.”"Twofullinchesinthe

firstthreedays!”

Thesearethekindsofstatementsusedinmagazine,newspaper,radioandtelevisionads,promisingnew

shapesandnewlookstothosewhobuythemedicineorthedevice.Thepromotersofproductssaytheycanshape

thelegs,slimtheface,smoothwrinkles,orinsomeotherwaytoaddtobeautyordesirability.

Oftensuchproductsarenothingmorethanmoneymakingthingsfortheirpromoters.Theresultstheyproduce

arequestionable,andsomearedangeroustohealth.

Tounderstandhowtheseproductscanbelegallypromotedtothepublic,itisnecessarytounderstand

somethingofthelawscoveringtheirregulation.Iftheproductisadrug,FDA(FoodandDrugAdministration)can

requireproofundertheFood,Drug,andCosmeticActthatissafeandeffectivebeforeitisputonthemarket.Butif

theproductisadevice,FDAhasnoauthoritytorequirepremarketingproofofsafetyoreffectiveness.Ifaproduct

alreadyonthemarketisadangertohealth,FDAcanrequesttheproducerordistributortoremoveitfromthe

marketvoluntarily,oritcantakelegalaction,includingseizure（查封）oftheproduct.

OnenotablecaseafewyearsagoinvolvedanelectricaldevicecalledtheRelaxacisor,whichhadbeensoldfor

reducingthewaistline（腰圍）.TheRelaxacisorproducedelectricalshockstothebodythroughcontactpads.FDA

tooklegalactionagainstthedistributortostopthesaleofthedeviceonthegroundsthatitwasdangeroustohealth

andlife.

Obviously,mostofthedevicesonthemarkethaveneverbeenthesubjectofcourtproceedings（法律訴訟）,

andnewdevicesappearcontinually.Beforebuying,itisuptotheconsumertojudgethesafetyoreffectivenessof

suchitems.

13.Itcanbeinferredthatadsmentionedinthetextare.

A.objectiveB.costlyC.illegalD.unreliable

14.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Thecourtisinchargeofremovingdangerousproduct.

B.Newproductsaremorelikelytobequestionable.

C.Thepromotersusuallyjustcareaboutprofits.

D.TheproductionofadevicemustbeapprovedbyFDA.

15.FDAcanaskfortheproofofsafetyandeffectivenessofaproduct.

A.ifitisadeviceB.ifitisadrug

C.ifitsconsumersmakecomplaintsD.ifitsdistributorschallengeFDA'sauthority

16.Theauthorintendsto.

A.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters9falsepromises

B.showtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafety

C.giveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautiful

D.introducetheorganizationofFDA

二、七選五

（2022?山東?濟南市歷城第二中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）WhyDoesFoodTasteBadOnAirplanes?

Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?Accordingtopopularlyaccepted

studies,thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste.17Let'sgetintotheactualdetails

beforeyougetoffended.

TheCabinAiris15%DrierThantheAirontheGround

Tomaintainthepressureinsidethecabin,airlinesmustcloselyregulatetheairinside,involvingchangingits

composition.Theairinsideaiiplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.18Inan

environmentlikethis,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway.

ThePressureInsidetheCabinisLowerThanontheGround

Inthepressurizedcabinapassenger5sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavities（鼻腔）swell.

Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuch

conditionsfeel,sincewe'veallfoughtcoldsinthepast.19

20

Badfoodcan'tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.Ifsalsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.

Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.Suchrequirementsformass

productiondefinitelytiesdowntheChef'shands.

Whatcanbedone?

21Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyone

needstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound.

A.Themethodoffoodproductionisdifferent.

B.Themassproductionoffoodistoblame.

C.Insomecases,it'sevendrierthancertaindeserts.

D.Asickpersonisfarfromthebestjudgeoffoodquality.

E.Thatmakesitourbody'sfault,ratherthantheairlines.

F.Butthatdoesn'tmeanmealsservedonairplanescan'ttastejustasgood.

G.Basically,wecan'tusethesamerecipesforairlinemealsthatwewoulduseontheground.

三、完形填空

（2022?上海市松江二中高三階段練習(xí)）Thebeauty,majesty,andtimelessnessofaprimaryrainforestare

indescribable.Itisimpossibleto22onfilm,todescribeinwords,ortoexplaintothosewhohavenever

hadtheawe-inspiringexperienceofstandingintheheartofaprimaryrainforest.

Rainforestshave23overmillionsofyearstotumintotheincrediblycomplexenvironmentstheyare

today.Rainforestsrepresentastoreoflivingand24renewablenaturalresourcesthatforages,byvirtueof

theirrichnessinbothanimalandplantspecies,have25awealthofresourcesforthesurvivaland

well-beingofhumankind.Theseresourceshaveincludedbasicfoodsupplies,clothing,shelter,fuel,spices,

industrialrawmaterials,andmedicineforallthosewhohavelivedinthemajestyoftheforest.26、the

innerdynamicsofatropicalrainforestisanintricate（錯綜復(fù)雜的）andfragilesystem.Everythingisso

27thatupsettingonepartcanleadtounknowndamageorevendestructionofthewhole.Sadly,ithas

takenonlyacenturyofhumaninterventiontodestroywhatnaturedesignedto28forever.

Thescaleofhuman29onecosystemseverywherehasincreasedenormouslyinthelastfewdecades.

Since1980theglobaleconomyhastripledinsizeandtheworldpopulationhasincreasedby30percent.

Consumptionofeverythingontheplanethasrisen—atacostofour30.In2001,TheWorldResources

Instituteestimatedthatthedemandforrice,wheat,andcornisexpectedtogrowby40%by2020,increasing

irrigationwaterdemandsby50%ormore.Theyfurtherreportedthatthedemandforwoodcoulddoublebythe

year2050;31、itisstillthetropicalforestsoftheworldthatsupplythebulkoftheworld'sdemandfor

wood.

In1950,about15percentoftheEarth'slandsurfacewascoveredbyrainforest.Today,morethanhalfhas

alreadygoneupin32.Infewerthanfiftyyears,morethanhalfoftheworld'stropicalrainforestshave

fallen33tofireandthechainsaw,andtherateofdestructionisstillaccelerating.Unbelievably,more

than200,000acresofrainforestareburnedeveryday.Thatismorethan150acreslosteveryminuteofeveryday,

and78millionacreslosteveryyear!More