動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語的用法總結(jié)及練習(xí)專題9

專題九動(dòng)詞的分類和動(dòng)詞短語中考要求：1.熟練掌握動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。2?熟練掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和基本用法。3?初步掌握延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間動(dòng)詞在用法上的區(qū)別。了解過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成和基本用法。了解及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的用法。知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞分類1、 表動(dòng)作狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞，能單獨(dú)作謂語,根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類:實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(NotionalVerb、系動(dòng)詞(LinkVerb).助動(dòng)詞(AuxiliaryVerb).情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(ModalVerb),有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞Wearehavingameeting.HehasgonetoNewYork.2、根據(jù)是否帶有賓語，可分為兩類：及物動(dòng)詞(TransitiveVerb〉不及物動(dòng)詞(IntransitiveVerb),同一動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可用作不及物動(dòng)詞Shecandanceandsing.ShecansingmanyEnglishsongs.3、 根據(jù)是否受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，分兩類：限定動(dòng)詞(FiniteVerb、非限定動(dòng)詞(Non-finiteVerb)英語中共有三種非限定動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞不定式(Infinitive)、動(dòng)名詞(Gerund)、分詞(Participle)Shesingsverywell.ShewantstolearnEnglishwell.4、 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的組成形式，可分為三類:單字詞(One-WordVerb)短語動(dòng)詞(PhrasalVerb〉動(dòng)詞短語(VerbalPhrase)TheEnglishlanguagecontainsmanyphrasalverbsandverbalphrases.Studentsshouldlearntolookupnewwordsindictionaries.5、 動(dòng)詞有五種形態(tài)：原形(OriginalForm)、第三人稱單數(shù)形式(SingularFrominThirdPersonal)、過去式(PastForm)、過去分詞(PastParticiple)>現(xiàn)在分詞(PresentParticiple)知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、助動(dòng)詞1、 協(xié)助主動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞組的詞叫助動(dòng)詞(AuxiliaryVerb)被協(xié)助動(dòng)詞稱主動(dòng)詞(MainVerb),助動(dòng)詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用：表示時(shí)態(tài)Hehasgotmarried.表示語態(tài)HewassenttoEngland.構(gòu)成疑問句DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere?與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句Idon'tlikehim.加強(qiáng)語氣Docometothepartytomorrowevening.2、 助動(dòng)詞be的用法1、 bev-ing,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.2、 bev-ed，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld.3、 betodo,可表示下列內(nèi)容1） 表示最近、未來的計(jì)劃或安排HeistogotoNewYorknextweek..2） 表示命Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon.3） 征求意見HowamItoanswerhim?4） 表示相約、商定Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning.3、助動(dòng)詞have的用法1、 havev-ed，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork.2、 havebeenv-ed，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears.3、 have+been+過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式被動(dòng)語態(tài)EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears.4、 助動(dòng)詞do的用法1、 構(gòu)成一般疑問句DoyouwanttopasstheCET?2、 do+not構(gòu)成否定句Inthepast,manystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish.3、 構(gòu)成否定祈使句Don'tbesoabsent-minded.4、 放在動(dòng)詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動(dòng)詞的語氣Docometomybirthdayparty.5、 用于倒裝句OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish.知識(shí)點(diǎn)三、連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞（LinkVerb）,本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。注：有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語1） Hefellillyesterday.2） Hefellofftheladder.1、 表狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞（用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be—詞）Heisateacher.2、 表持續(xù)性系動(dòng)詞（用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,continue）1） Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.2） Thismatterrestsamystery.3、 表感官系動(dòng)詞（感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,look）1）Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.2)Thisflowersmellsverysweet.4、 表變化系動(dòng)詞(這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run)Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.5、 表像系動(dòng)詞(用來表示看起來像有seem,appear,look)Helookstired.Heseems(tobe)verysad.6、 終止系動(dòng)詞(表示主語已終止動(dòng)作有prove,trunout)Thesearchproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.7、 系動(dòng)詞的使用應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng)有些動(dòng)詞既可以作系動(dòng)詞，又可作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的用法。遇到這種情況時(shí)，只能先根據(jù)其意思判斷清楚到底是前者還是后者，然后再對(duì)后面的詞性和詞義作出判斷和選擇Thesoftdrinkingtastesquitesour.Thechefistastingthefishcarefully.這類詞不用進(jìn)行時(shí)系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)式知識(shí)點(diǎn)四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法1、 musthaveto表示義務(wù)。意為必須，must表示主觀意志;haveto表示客觀需要Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.Mybrotherwasill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.must無人稱和數(shù)的變化；haveto有人稱和數(shù)的變化haveto,hasto,hadto,havehadtomustn't表示禁止；don'thaveto表不必Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.must表推測，意為想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定等，只用于肯定句She'swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.must提問的回答方式---Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?---Yes,youmust/No,youneedrft/No,youdon'thaveto.2、 cancouldbeableto表示能力，can只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)(could);beableto用于各種時(shí)態(tài)Twoeyescanseemorethanone.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.理論上或是邏輯判斷上表示可能Thetemperaturecanfallto60°C,thatis60°Cbelowfreezing.Hecan't(couldn't)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.Youmustn'tsmokewhileyou'rewalkingaroundinthewood.Youcouldstartafire.表示允許，比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法Can(could)Ihavealookatyournewpen?Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room.3、 maymightmight表允許，可以指過去時(shí)間，也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，語氣更委婉Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?在回答以may引起的問句時(shí)，多避免用這個(gè)詞，而用其它方式，如Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedoiit./You7dbetternot./No,youmustn't.等，以免顯得太嚴(yán)峻或不客氣表事實(shí)上可能?？梢灾高^去時(shí)間，也可以指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，但語氣更加不肯定Shemaynotknowaboutit.Theymightbehavingameeting,butI'mnotsure.4、 willwould表意愿Ifyouwillreadthebook,I'lllendittoyou.Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.will表請求，用于疑問句;would表委婉地提出請求、建議或看法Willyouclosethewindow?It'sabitcold.Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?will表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作;would表過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過去的一種傾向Fishwilldieoutofwater.Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.5、 should和oughttoshould表義務(wù)，某件事宜于做，用于各種人稱；oughtto表義務(wù)，因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做，口氣比should稍重Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.should表推測，意為想必一定、照說、估計(jì)；oughtto表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.There'safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.6、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測意義must,can,could,may,might皆可以表示推測，語氣由強(qiáng)到弱must,can,could,may,might不同時(shí)態(tài)的用法

must,can,could,may,might接動(dòng)詞原形，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r推測，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞常為系動(dòng)詞must,can,could,may,might接現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況推測must,can,could,may,might接動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)過去情況的推測must,can,could,may,might接現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表對(duì)過去正在發(fā)生的事情的推測3）can't意為不可能；而maynot意為可能不Dannycan'tbeathome.Isawhiminthelibraryjustnow.It'sseveno'clocknow.Michaelmaynotcomehere.五、動(dòng)詞短語歸納1、動(dòng)詞+介詞agreewith同意…的意見；符合learn...from…向…學(xué)習(xí)preferto…寧愿（選擇）;更喜歡baseon以...（為）根據(jù)liveon繼續(xù)存在；靠…生活quarrelwith（和某人）吵架listento聽…lookafter照顧，照看regard...as...把…當(dāng)作…；當(dāng)作getto到達(dá)…lookat看；觀看stop...fromdoing阻止...做...falloff（從…）掉下lookfor尋找talkabout說話；談話；談?wù)揾elp...with…幫助（某人）做（某事）looklike看起來像talkwith與…交談knockat/on敲（門、窗）payfor（sth.）付錢；支付thinkabout考慮laughat嘲笑pointat扌旨示；扌旨向thinkof認(rèn)為；想起2、動(dòng)詞+副詞askfor請求；詢問getup起床setoff出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；啟程carryon堅(jiān)持卜去；繼續(xù)卜去giveup放棄sendup發(fā)射；扌把...往上送cutdown砍倒goon繼續(xù)shutdown把…關(guān)上cleanup清除；收拾干凈goout出去sitdown坐下comedown下來；落goover過一遍；仔細(xì)檢查slowdown減緩；減速comealong來；隨同growup長大；成長takeoff脫掉（衣服）comein進(jìn)來handin交上來takeout取出comeon來吧；跟著來；趕快holdon寺寺；（電話時(shí)）不掛斷throwabout亂丟；拋撒comeout出來；（花）開；發(fā)（芽）hurryup趕快tripover（被...）絆倒comeover過來；順便來訪lookout留神；注意tryon試穿（衣服、鞋等）；試戴dropoff放下（某物）；下車lookover（仔細(xì)）檢查tryout試驗(yàn)；嘗試eatup吃光；吃完lookup向上看；抬頭看turndown關(guān)小；調(diào)低fallbehind落在…后面；輸給別人passon傳遞；轉(zhuǎn)移到...turnon打開（電燈、收音機(jī)、等）falldown跌倒；從…落1、pickup拾起；撿起turnoff關(guān)（電燈、收音機(jī)、煤氣等）findout查出（真相）putaway放好；扌把…收起來turnover（使）翻過來getback回來；取回puton穿上；戴上；（戲劇等）上演wakeup醒來getdown卜來；落卜；把…取卜來putdown把（某物）放下來wearout把…穿舊；磨壞getoff下來；從…下來putup掛起；舉起workout算出；制訂出geton上（車）runaway流失；逃跑；逃走writedown寫卜…3、be+3、be+形容詞+介詞bea尬ngrywith對(duì)（某人）發(fā)脾氣 befilledwith用…充滿beborn出生bebusydoing忙著做... cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)fallasleep睡覺；入睡gohome回家beinterestedin對(duì)…感興趣beableto能；會(huì)beafraidof害怕beamazedat對(duì)…感到驚訝beexcitedabout對(duì)…感到興奮4、 動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞begone\'spardon請?jiān)?；?duì)不起domorningexercises做早扌桑doone\'shomework做作業(yè)enjoyoneself過得快樂；玩得愉快giveaconcert開音樂會(huì)goboating去劃船gofishing去釣魚gohiking去徒步旅行g(shù)oskating去滑冰goshopping（去）買東西haveacold（患）感冒5、 動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞/副詞+介詞catchupwith趕上comeupwith找到；提出getonwellwith與…相處融洽givebirthto生（孩子）6、 其他類型beawake醒著的doone'sbest盡最大努力befullof充滿…的begoodat/dowellin在…做得好belatefor遲到bemadein在…生產(chǎn)或制造bemadeof由…組成；由…構(gòu)成haveacough（患）咳嗽haveaheadache（患）頭痛haveatry嘗試；努力havealook看一看havearest休息haveaseat/takeaseat就坐；坐下havesports進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)havesupper吃晚餐hearof聽說holdasportsmeeting舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)makeadecision作出決定helponeselfto自取；隨便吃makeroomfor給…騰出地方playajokeon戲弄人；惡作劇speakhighlyof稱贊bepleasedwith對(duì)…感到滿意beproudof以…自豪（高興）beusedfor/to/as用于makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤makeanoise吵鬧makefaces做鬼臉makefriends交朋友makemoney賺錢takeone'splace代替某人的職務(wù)teachoneself/learnbyoneself自學(xué)takephotos照相taketime花費(fèi)（時(shí)間）taketurns輪流watchTV看電視saygoodbyeto告別；告辭takeanactivepartin積極參力口takecareof照顧；照料；注意goondoing（sth.）繼續(xù)做某事；盡力gostraightalong沿著…一直往前走keepdoingsth.—直做某事makeupone\'smind下決心getmarried結(jié)婚 gettogether相聚hadbetter（do）最好（做 ）makesure確保；確認(rèn)；查明2014年九年級(jí)英語動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練班級(jí) 姓名 得分 一、單項(xiàng)選擇：I、 WhenI herinthehall,shewasplayingthepiano.A.see B.sawC.willseeD.amseeing2、I'llgowithyouassoonasI mywork.A.willfinishB.finishedC.finishD.wouldfinish3、 HewilldobetterinEnglish訐he harder.A.illworkB.worksC.workingD.work4、 Sincehecameherelastyear,we happy.A.are B.havebeen C.hadbeenD.were5、 Peter theworkinaweek.A.havefinishedB.finishesC.isfinishingD.willfinish6、 openthewindow.A.WillyoupleaseB.Pleasewillyou C.YoupleaseD.Please7、 Thesebooks inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.hadkeptC.havebeenkeptD.werekept8、 Manysheep eatinggrass.A.isB.areC.wasD.were9、 Icomeheretonight?No,youneedn't.A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Shall10、 TheGreenfamily Londonfornearlytwoyears.Theyallmisstheirhometownverymuch.A.leftB.willleaveC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfromII、 Hergrandparents fortenyears.A.diedB.havediedC.weredeadD.havebeendead12、 You'dbetter toseethedoctor.A.togoB.goC.went D.going13、 Myfatherenjoys tolightmusic.A.listensB.tolistenC.listening D.listened14、 When you themuseum?A.wouldvisitB.didvisitC.havevisit D.hadvisited15、 Hetoldthem onwiththework.A.togo B.goingC.go D.went16、 yougetupeverymorning?A.WhenB.WhendoC.DowhenD.Whenis17.1fit tomorrow,we'llgototheGrateWall.A.isn'train B.won'trainC.doesn'trainD.willrainNextweektheman Japan.A.leaveB.willleavingCc.areleavingD.leavesHe himselfatthepartylastnight.A.enjoysBb.enjoyedCc.enjoyDd.enjoyingWe haveagoodtimeyesterday.A.wasn't Bb.didn't C.doesn't Dd.don'thegotherelastweek.A.DoesB.DidC.WillD.IsLook,Alice outside.A.playsB.playC.isplayingD.playingThey now.A.don'twriting B.aren'twriting C.aren'twrite D.arewrote theyplayingtennisnow?A.DoB.IsC.DoesD.AreWhat attenlastnight?A.wereyoudoing B.areyoudoingC.didyoudo D.doyoudo26.lt whenIgotoffthebus.A.wassnowingB.snowsC.snowedD.snowyoupleaseopenthewindows?A.ShallB.WillC.IsD.Dowonderifhe comethenextday.A.willB.wouldC.isgoingD.wasgoing inBeijingsince1956.A.willliveB.liveC.lived D.havelivedHowlong you English?A.is,studyingB.have,studied C.do,study D.will,study---HaveyoueverbeentotheSummerPalace?---Yes,wehave---When you there? ---Lastmonth.A.have,goneB.did,goC.will,goD.is,goingHe fromBeijingforthreeyears.A.hasbeenawayB.hasgoneC.hasleftD.hascomeHowmanytimes he theGreatWall?A.has,gonetoB.has,beenC.has,beeninD.has,beentoBysixo'clock,I myhomeworkyesterday.A.havefinishedB.hadfinishedC.finishedD.finish二、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1、 I'llgivethebooktohimassoonashe back(come).2、 thebaby cryingyet?(stop)3、 Idon'tknowwhetherMothermetoBeijingnextmonth.(take)4、 She onhercoatandwentout.(put)5、 “Whataretheydoing?”“They readyforthesportsmeeting.”(get)6、 Theboyaskedhismother himgoandplaybasketball.(let)7、 I'msorrytokeepyou foralongtime.(wait)8、 It (take)himhalfanhour (finish)hishomeworkyesterday.9、 Ifit aninterestingfilm,we'llseeittomorrow.(be)10、 Theyusually (do)theirhomeworkaftersupper.11、 Listen!Who (sing)inthenextroomnow?12、 (be)yourparentsinShanghailastyear?13、 Mr.Yu(teach)usmathssince1982.14、 TheywillhaveatriptotheGreatWall訐i (notrain)tomorrow.15、 LiMingoften (listen)totheradiointhemorning.16、 Tan：“Father,mayIgooutandplayfootball?”Father：“ you (do)yourhomework?”17、 Allthepeopleareglad (hear)aconcertthisSaturdayevening.18、 Teachertoldusfi (notsnow)wewouldvisittheMuseumthenextday.19、 Theyoften (play)footballintheafternoon.20、 ---What'reyoudoingDad? 1 (mend)theradio.21、 Let's (carry)theboxestothehouse.22、 Yesterdayshe_(want)toseethefilm,butshecouldn't (get)aticket.23、 I (write)toyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.24、 Mike (visit)severalplacessincehecametoBeijing.25、 He (write)fourletterstohiswifeeverymonth.26、 Don'tmakeanynoise,Grandma (sleep).27、 Hisaunt (do)somecookingwhenhecamein.28、 Whenthey (reach)thestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.29、 There (be)ameetingnextMonday.30、 We (know)eachothersinceourboyhood.(少年時(shí)代)31、 Sometimesmyfather (come)backhomelate.32、 They (have)anEnglisheveningnextweek.33、 I'mveryglad (hear)that.34、 WeiFangisn'there.She (go)tothereading-room.35、 Thestory (happen)longago.36、 They (visit)theHistoryMuseumlastweek.37、 ZhangHong (make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.38、She (go)tothecinemawithherclassmatestomorrowevening.39、Stayhere,bag.Don'tgoout.It (rain)now.40、 LiPing (write)acompositioneveryweek.41、 Thescientist (give)usatalkyesterday.42、 Myparents (live)inBeijingsince1949.43、 Look!Theyoungworker (show)thestudentsaroundthefactory.44、 They (build)anewbridgeovertherivernextyear.45、 Thestudents (clean)theirclassroomtomorrow.46、 Myfatherisverybusy.Heoften (come)homelate.47、 Ourteacher (join)thepartytwentyyearsago.48、 Theboys (have)abasketballmatchnow.Let's (go).49、 She (work)inthisfactoryfortenyears.50、 “Whatmakesyou (think)I'mafarmer?”theFrenchmanasked.51、 It'snoteasy (catch)fishwithyourhandsonly.52、 Haveyoufinished (read)thisbook?53、 It (snow)hardnow.You'dbetter (stay)athome.54、 Ittakeshimhalfanhour (go)toworkbybus.55、 Hurryuporwe (be)lateforclass.56、 LiPingusually (watch)TVaftersupper.57、 Idon'tknowhow (answer)thisquestion.58、 “ you (hear)fromyourunclerecently?”59、 “Yes,Ijust (get)aletterfromhim.”60、 Whynot (go)thereonfoot?61、 Idon'tthinkthatit (rain)tomorrow.62、 Willyouplease (come)hereontimenexttime.63、 Yesterdaymymothertoldme (n