現(xiàn)在完成時講解及練習(xí)附答案-名師精講

現(xiàn)在完成時講解及練習(xí)（附答案）一名師精講現(xiàn)在完成時先看幾個例句：Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打掃了房間。Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework.他還沒完成作業(yè)。Haveyoureadthisnovel?你看過這本小說嗎？Yes,Ihave.是的，看過了。No,Ihaven,t.不，沒看過。 ,WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了兩年英語了。Theyhaven'tseeneachothersince1998.自從1998年他們就沒再見過面。一、構(gòu)成： /肯定式：主語+助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞.疑問式：助動詞Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞？否定式：主語+助動詞have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞.例：Ihaveworkedherefor3years.否定句：疑問句：回答：就劃線部分提問：過去分詞的構(gòu)成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種：規(guī)則變化：a）一般情況下，在動詞后直接加ed,如play-played， work---worked， water---watered,finish---finished等；b）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變成i再加ed,carry---carried study-studied等；c）以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動詞要雙寫最后 一個輔音字母，再加ed如:stop---stopped，shop---shopped等。不規(guī)則變化：見一般時當(dāng)中的不規(guī)則動詞表 點擊一不規(guī)則動詞表寫出下列動詞的過去分詞：put--- hear--- come---make--- hurry---watch---swim--- be--- talk---want--- study---stop---take--- see--- like---二、用法：1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打掃了房間（房間現(xiàn)在是干凈的，不需要打掃了）Theyhaveleft.■■他們已經(jīng)離開了，也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里Ihavehadmylunch.--我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了，也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，IhavelearntEnglishfOrmorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時3表示人曾有過或到目前為止從未有過的經(jīng)歷./人1haveneverhadacar（我從未有過汽車。）//八havebeentheretwice.動詞填空:.you(clean)theroom?Yes,we(do)thatalready.Whenyou(do)it?We(do)itanhourago..he(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.Whenhe(see)it?Heitlastweek..Howmanytimes you (be)there?三、標(biāo)志詞 <?常與①already, ②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet, ⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks ?since ?foralongtime/for標(biāo)志詞的區(qū)別.for+一段時間/Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.、He'sstudiedEnglishfor3years..since+(表示過去某一時間的)時間點/單詞/詞組/從句(一般過去時)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.注2）:對for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問必須用howlong,決不能用when.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.<Xj—注3）:短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，當(dāng)然也不能用于howlong引導(dǎo)的問句中Eg.（誤）Ihavelefttherefor5years.（正）Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.選用for和since填空.Wehaven'tseeneachotheralongtime..HisfatherhasbeenintheParty10yearsago..Thefilmhasbeenon20minutes..MrGreenhasworkedherehecametoChina..Hisgrandparentshavebeendead severalyears./.It,sfiveyearswemetlasttime.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時表示強調(diào)或加強語氣；yet用于否定句和疑問句。

Hehasalreadylefthere.他已經(jīng)離開這里了。Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已經(jīng)離開這里了嗎？（表示加強語氣）Myteachershaven,thadbreakfastyet.我的老師們還沒有吃早飯。Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?表示“曾表示“曾b）never是否定詞，表示“從來沒有”，而ever經(jīng)”WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我們從來沒有去過長城。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你們曾經(jīng)去過加拿大嗎？c.justc.just用于句中，表示“剛剛”Eg.I’vejusthadbreakfast.^Whathavetheyjustdone?d.before在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法用于句末，表示“以前”Eg.I’veseenitbefore.四、短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用,這些動詞是：①become,②begin, ③buy, ④borrow,⑤come(go,arrive), ⑥die,^⑦finish,⑧join, ⑨leave,?為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來代替短暫性動詞。 <become—be, beginshave,、borrow—keep, buy—have,come(go,arrive,get)—be here/there/in…，die—bedead, finish—beover,join—bein…(beamemberof…)leave—beaway(from…)，五、與一般過去時的用法比較1現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。H第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。H第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強調(diào)說明。2.常與一般過去時連用的典型的表示過去時間的狀語：yesterday（昨天）， thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），justnow（剛才）， 時間+ago,last+時間等；eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.六、完成時辨析］\））have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的區(qū)別have/hasgoneto:表示某人已經(jīng)去了某地現(xiàn)在還沒回來,可能現(xiàn)在正在某地或者正在去那里或回來的路上.have/hasbeento:表示某人曾經(jīng)去過某地,但現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)不在某地.Have/hasbeenin:某人在某地Mikeandhisparentsthenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.shetheshop.youevertokunming?Never.Whereyouthesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,hehereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe.HiJim!Whereyou?LiLeiislookingforyou.完成時練習(xí)(read)thenoveltwice.It,sinteresting..She(go)toPairs,hasn'tshe?Yes.Howshe(go)there?She(go)therebyair..Sofar,manycountries(develop)theirsoftwareprograms..MrChen(give)upsmokinglastyear..MrChen(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.、翻譯下列句子:1.你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯條嗎?1.你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯條嗎?.我剛剛丟了我的語文書。.我以前從來沒去過那個公園。.他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。.你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？.我哥哥還沒回來。 父.我自從上星期看過這部電影。.自從1992年他住在這里。.這本字典我已買了三年了。.他離開中國三年了1.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?2.IhavelostmyChinesebook.A3Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.5Haveyouseenthismovieyet?6Mybrotherhasnotreturned.7Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.8Hehaslivedheresince1992.9Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.10HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.一、用所給詞的正確形式填空WeiFangisn'there.She(go)tothereadingroom. <ZhangHong(make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.She(work)inthisfactoryfortenyears.They(nothear)fromeachothersince1995.-： you(finish)yourhomeworkyet?-No,notyet.—WhereisJim?—He(go)toCanada.Howlong you (be)atthisschool?I(have)breakfastalready.She(study)Englishforthreeyears.Inever(see)suchawonderfulmatchbeforeoHehasn't(see)thefilm.Heisreallylookingforwardtoseeingit.12.I(be)toShanghaiforseveraltime.13、 you(be)toBeijing? yes,Ihave.14、Herparents(notwrite)tohersincetheyleft.15、Howlonghaveyou(teach)Englishinschool?現(xiàn)在完成時基礎(chǔ)題 \Howlonghaveyouhere?A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.beenMygrandpadied.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2D.myagewas6JanehastoBeijing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.A.been B.gone C.went D.neverbeenItistenyearsIlastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.thatTheSmithsinChinafor8years.A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black? VyGc--Sorry.HetheBainiaoPark.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto7.readingthebookyet?A.Haveyoufinished B.WereyoufinishingC.Hadyoufinished D.AreyoufinishingOurteameverymatchsofarthisyear,butwestillhavethreegamestoplay.\A.waswinningB.haswonC.hadwonD.winsIshalltellyouwhatheatthreeo’clockyesterdayafternoon.A.hasdone yB.hasbeendoneC.hadbeendoingD.wasdoingImyhomeworknow.A.finishB.finishedC.havefinishedD.hadfinishedTheeveningparty.Youarealittlelate.A.justbeganB.justhasbegunC.hasjustbegunD.hasbegunjustnowThedogisstillwet.Itoutoftherain.A.onlyjustcomes B.hasonlyjustcomingC.wasonlyjustcome D.hasonlyjustcomeIthisradiofortwoyears.A.usedB.useC.haveusedD.>amusedIfrommybrotherforalongtime.A.nothaveheardB.havenotheardC.haveheardnotD.donothearIacollegestudentformorethanayear.A.becameB.havebecomeC.wasD.havebeenHehomefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentawayfrom--DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?--.A.No,hehasnevergothere B.No,hehasnevergonehereC.No,heneverwasthere D.No,he’sneverbeenthereMyuncleinthatfactorysince1958.A.workedB.hadworkedC.isworkingD.hasworkedIhersinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knewB.knowC.hadknownD.haveknownHisgrandfatherforthirtyyears.A.diedB.wasdeadC.hasbeendead^D.hasdied提高題--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.Iherseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet--Whatanicedress!Howlongyouit?--Just2weeks.\A.will;buy yB.did;buy C.are;havingD.have;had3.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?--Yes,SheandIfriendssincewewereveryyoung.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned--youevertotheUS?--Yes,twice.A.Have;goneB.Have;beenC,Do;goD.were;going5.Sinceyoudon’twanttogohlone.A.willgoB.goC.went/IrD.havegone6.HeinShanghaiin196o.A.livesB.livedC.haslivedD.islivingRobertinEnglandafewweeksago.A.arrivesB.hasarrivedC.couldarriveD.arrived .HowlonginFujian?A.hashearrivedB.didhearriveC.hashebeenD.arrivedJackalettertohisparentsrecently.A.writes/^、B.wrote C.writeD.haswrittenShehasbeenhere.A.after1978B.for1978C.in1978D.since197811.--Howlongyouacold?--Eversincelastnight.A.have;gotB.have;hadC.have;caughtD.did;haveSheMr.Whitefortwoyears.A.hasmarried B.hasmarriedtoC.hasbeenmarriedwith D.hasbeenmarriedto--Nicetoseeyou.Iyouforalongtime.--IinBeijing.I’vejustcomeback.A.hadn'tseen;am B.haven'tseen;wasC.didn’tsee;willbe D.haven’tseen;shallbeHowlonghaveyouyourparents?A.heardfrom /B.gottheletterfromC.hadtheletterfrom D.receivedtheletterfrom--DoyouknowJackwell?--Certainly.Wefriendsforabouttenyears.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade/LilywithherparentstheGreenerChinasincetwoyearsago.A.havejoinedB.hasjoinedC.hasbeeninD.havebeenin--haveyoubeenagreenvolunteer?--Formorethanthreeyears.A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.Howmuch--Howlonghaveyouthefootballteamoftheschool?--Abouttwoyears.A.beenonB.beenat C.joined D.played--Let,sgototheGreatWallnextSunday--We,dbetternot.Wetherethreetimes.A.havebeenB.aregoingC.havegoneD.willgoNotonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrothertotheSummerPalace.Theyhaven'tbeenback.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone中考題--Areyougoingtothebank,Laura?--No,Itothebankalready.L2011江蘇徐州】A.havebeenB.havegoneC.amgoingD.hadbeenSofarthisyear,manynewhousesinWenchuan

withthehelpofthegovernment.12011四川資陽】A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuiltMygrandmotheralotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.L2011天津】A.seesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseenI manynewfriendssinceIcamehere.【2011貴州畢節(jié)】 /A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.havemade--Whywon'tyougotothemoviewithme,Gina?--BecauseIittwice.12011襄陽】A.seeB.haveseenC.sawD.willsee--Where'syourfather,Tom?--HetoChangsha.--HetoChangsha.12011湖南永州】A.goes/ B.wentC.hasgoneMr.Whitecametoourschoolin2001,andsincethenheusEnglish.12011鹽城】A.teachesB.taughtC.hastaughtD.willteach--Chinadevelopssofast.D.--That'strue.Italotalready.【2011安徽蕪湖】D.A.changesB.changedC.willchange

haschanged--MayIspeaktoMary?Sorry,sheisn'tin.ShetoJapanandwillcomebackintwoweeks.【backintwoweeks.【2011湖南衡陽】A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.isgoing--AreLiYanandWangMeistilllivinginPingba?--No,theytoShanghai.L2011貴州安順】A.hadmovedB.movedC.willmoveD.havemovedMr.Fanthiswatchin1999.Heitfor6years.12011瀘州市】 /A.bought;hashadB.bought;hasC.hasbought;hashadD.hasbought;had12.Mrs.WengcamebackfromFrancein2008.Shethereforfouryears.12011福建莆田】A.worksB.workedC.hasworked13.Imyhometownforalongtime,Ireallymissit!【2011重慶】A.left B.wentawayfromC.haveleft D.havebeenawayfrom--WhereisJohn?--Hethesciencelab.【2011廣安市】A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wentto--HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher?--Heisgreat.Wefriendssincethreeyearsago.【2011蘭州】A.wereB.havemadeC.havebeenD.havebecome--Hi,guys.Whereareyouheadingnow?--Home.Weallourmoney,sowehavetowalkhomenow.12011山東威海】 ^ )A.spendB.spentC.havespentD.arespending17.--youthemovieGongfuPandaII?【2011--Notyet.I’llseeitthisSunday.A.Did;seeB.Do;seeC.Have;seen18.Hepromisedtopickmeupattheschoolgate.However,heyet.12011安徽】A.didn'tarriveB.doesn'tarrive C.isn'tarrivingD.hasn'tarrived19.--HaveyoueverbeentoNanning?--Yes,.【2011桂林】A.IwasB.IdoC.IamD.Ihave20.Imyhomework,IguessIcan'tjoinyou.【2011河北省】A.don'tfinishB.didn'tfinishC.haven'tfinishedD.won'tfinish現(xiàn)在完成時答案基礎(chǔ)題1-5DCBBC16-20CDDDC提高題1-5BDCBA16-20CBAAD中考題1-5ADDDB16-20CCDDC6-10BABAC6-10BDCDD6-10CCDBD11-1511-1511-15CDCBDBCBABACDAC不規(guī)則動詞巧記表AAA型過去式、過去分詞與原形一致原形過去式過去分詞詞義cutcutcut?切、割shutshutshut/關(guān)、閉（門窗）putputput放置letletlet讓setsetset設(shè)置hithithit撞擊hurt.hurthurt受傷；疼痛costcost/cost值…錢；花費read[ri:d]read[red]read[red]朗讀；閱讀AAB型過去式與原形一致

beatbeatbeaten擊敗ABA型過去分詞與原形一runranrun跑步；逃跑comecamecome來becomebecamebecome變得；成為ABB型過去式與過去分詞一致buyboughtbought買fightfoughtfought打架；打仗thinkthought/thought想；認(rèn)為seeksoughtsought/尋找；探究bringbroughtbrought帶來catchcaughtcaught抓住；接住teachtaught/taught教；教書lendlentlent借出sendsentsent送；派遣spendspentspent花費（時間、金錢）buildbuiltbuilt建設(shè)；建立

feelfeltfelt感覺；摸起來leaveleftleft離開keepkeptkept保持；保留sleepsleptslept睡覺oversleepoversleptoverslept 睡過頭sweepsweptswept打掃mean[mi:n]meant[ment]meant[ment]意思是learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned學(xué)；學(xué)會burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned ■燃燒；燒傷hear[hiE]heard[hE:d]heard[hE