初中英語(yǔ)中考語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn) 專題十一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

專題十一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1

動(dòng)詞不定式常用功能用法示例作主語(yǔ)位于句首,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)TospeakEnglishwellisn'taneasyjob.說好英語(yǔ)不是件容易的事。作賓語(yǔ)接不定式作賓語(yǔ),且多用來表示命令、打算或希望的動(dòng)詞(詞組)有wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.他們決定改變主意。在find,think后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句尾IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)很容易。常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：whynotdo…,wouldratherdo,hadbetter(not)do…,could/would/willyoupleasedo…Iwouldratherstayathome.我寧愿待在家里。常用功能用法示例作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)tell,ask,want,allow,wouldlike,encourage后面常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系Heasksthelittlegirltofinishherhomeworkeveryday.他要求這個(gè)小女孩每天都完成作業(yè)。一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ),這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有一感(feel),二聽(hear,listento),三讓(let,make,have),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),to要還原Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.那位老板讓他們工作了一整夜。常用功能用法示例作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)放在被修飾詞之后Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致,在句中表原因或目的Everymorninghegetsupveryearlytoexercise.他每天早上早起鍛煉。不定式作狀語(yǔ)可位于句末,在句中表結(jié)果Hereturnedhometolearnhissonhadgonetothecountryside.他返回家中獲悉他的兒子已經(jīng)去了鄉(xiāng)下。常用功能用法示例作狀語(yǔ)常用句型：主語(yǔ)＋be＋happy/glad/pleased/angry/sorry/careful/ready＋todosth.I'mgladtoseeyouagain.我很高興再次見到你。作表語(yǔ)不定式可直接跟在連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthechildren.我們的計(jì)劃是為孩子們創(chuàng)辦另一所中學(xué)?！舫＝觿?dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起agree同意arrange安排choose選擇continue繼續(xù)dare敢decide決定expect期望fail失敗happen碰巧help幫助(to可省略)hope希望learn學(xué)習(xí)like喜歡manage設(shè)法offer提供plan計(jì)劃prefer更喜歡prepare準(zhǔn)備promise承諾refuse拒絕seem似乎wish希望wouldlike/want想要◆常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞advise建議allow允許ask要求encourage鼓勵(lì)expect期望force強(qiáng)迫help幫助(to可省略)invite邀請(qǐng)order命令persuade說服remind提醒require/request要求teach教tell告訴want想要warn警告train訓(xùn)練◆特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)示例too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)He'stooyoungtogoalone.他年紀(jì)太小,不能獨(dú)自去。prefertodo…ratherthando…Shepreferstoreadbooksathomeratherthangooutforawalk.她寧愿在家讀書也不愿外出散步。疑問詞＋不定式作主語(yǔ)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.怎樣解決這個(gè)問題非常重要。作賓語(yǔ)Hedidn'tknowwhattosay.他不知道要說些什么。作表語(yǔ)Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.問題是哪兒能找到水源?！镜淅饰觥?2020·達(dá)州)Ourgovernmenttriestodoeverythingtheycan________peopleliveabetterlife.A.tohelp

B.helpC.helpingD.helped剖析：句意：我們的政府盡他們所能________人們過上更好的生活。tohelp動(dòng)詞不定式；help動(dòng)詞原形；helping動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞；helped過去式或過去分詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,theycan作后置定語(yǔ)修飾everything,不影響空格處動(dòng)詞help的形式,故空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),故選A?？键c(diǎn)2動(dòng)詞-ing形式【說明】這里所說的動(dòng)詞-ing形式是指動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的合稱。

功能示例作主語(yǔ)Skatingonthethiniceisdangerous.

作賓語(yǔ)Ifinisheddoingmyhomework.作表語(yǔ)Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.作定語(yǔ)Sheisinthereadingroom.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.作狀語(yǔ)Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.◆常跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))及搭配advise/suggest建議avoid避免consider考慮enjoy喜歡finish完成

imagine想象keep堅(jiān)持

mind介意miss錯(cuò)過

practice練習(xí)stand容忍

bebusy忙于be/getusedto習(xí)慣于

beworth值得can'thelp情不自禁feellike想要give

up放棄

succeedin成功payattentionto注意

keepon繼續(xù)lookforwardto盼望spendtime(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事stop/preventsb.fromdoingsth.防止/阻止某人做某事havefun/trouble/problem/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有樂趣/麻煩/問題/困難◆有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ),但表達(dá)的意思不同。①②③stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下來去做某事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事trytodosth.盡力去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘了做過某事forgettodosth.忘了去做某事(未做)④⑤⑥r(nóng)ememberdoingsth.記得做過某事remembertodosth.記得去做某事(未做)needdoingsth.需要做某事(被動(dòng)含義)needtodosth.需要去做某事(主動(dòng)含義)hear/seesb,doingsth聽見/看見某人正在做某事hear/seesb.dosth.聽見/看見某人做了某事注意：①有些動(dòng)詞可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞,且含義基本相同,此類常見動(dòng)詞有：like,love,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue等。②動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。③動(dòng)名詞可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ),但是動(dòng)詞不定式不可以。④動(dòng)名詞的否定形式可直接在其前加否定詞。如：Wouldyoumindnotsmokinghere?【典例剖析】(2020·自貢)—ThemovieThe

Wandering

Earth

iswonderful.Doyoufeellike________ittonight?—I'dloveto,butmyparentswon'tletme________outtoolate.A.watching；tostayB.towatch；stayingC.watching；stay剖析：句意：——電影《流浪地球》很精彩。你今晚想________它嗎？——我很想去,但我父母不讓我在外面________太晚。feellike意為“想要；想做……”,后面跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),即feellikedoingsth.“想做某事”；letsb.dosth.“讓某人做某事”,let后跟省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。故選C?？键c(diǎn)3

動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

功能示例作表語(yǔ)Thedoorremainedlocked.作定語(yǔ)Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisnowadepartmentstore.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Iheardmynamecalled.

作狀語(yǔ)Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.注意：1.動(dòng)詞的過去分詞常用于“be＋動(dòng)詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：Iwasshockedbythenews.我被這個(gè)新聞?wù)痼@了。2.動(dòng)詞過去分詞常用于“have/has/had＋動(dòng)詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。如：Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。ThebushadleftwhenIgotthere.當(dāng)我到那兒時(shí),公交車已經(jīng)走了?！镜淅饰觥?2020·蘇州)Inancienttimes,foodwas________(存儲(chǔ))upforwinter.剖析：句意：在古代,食物________以備過冬。storeup意為“儲(chǔ)存；積累”。主語(yǔ)food與動(dòng)詞store之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),結(jié)合空前was,可知此處用“was＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。store的過去分詞是stored。故答案為stored。一、用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2019·白銀)Wouldyoulikesomething____________(drink)?2.(2019·綏化)Peterlooksforwardto________(get)onwellwithhisnewfriends.3.Inordertocatchtheearlybus，wehadtostop____________(wait)forLucyandLily.4.(2019·鄂州)Therearesomeboys____________(swim)intherivernow.It'sverydangerous.5.Ihaveafriend____________(call)Jim.6.Ourdesksare____________(break)andneedrepairing.todrinkgettingwaitingswimmingcalledbroken二、單項(xiàng)選擇(

)7.(2020·黃石)Hespenttwohours________hismotherwithhouseworklastSunday.A.helping B.helped C.tohelp D.help(

)8.(2020·泰州)More

andmoreteenagershavepooreyesight，sopare