2022-2023年湖南省永州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)測(cè)試卷(含答案)

2022-2023年湖南省永州市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)測(cè)試卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Thefiverwatermakesup______oftheEarth'stotalfreshwater.

A.lessthan0.5percent

B.nearly0.05percent

C.aboutthree-quarters

D.aboutonefour-thousandth

2.

AccordingtoHerron,afterhavingthesurgery,therecoverytime______frompersontoperson.

3.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland

ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish,fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.Infact,theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoplesandonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesasEnglish.TheothersreferthemselvesasWelsh,Scottish,orIrish,asthecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyedasbeingclassifiedasEnglish.

TheHighlands

ThedrivefromEnglandtoScotlandprovidesthetravelerwithmanypleasantchangesofscenery.Asitisafairlylongjourney,itisgoodtobeabletotravelwithafriendwhocantaketurnswithyouatthewheel.

ApatrioticScotsmantravellingwithanEnglishfriendmaytellhimheisgoingtosee,intheHighlands,thefinestsceneryintheworld.Thismaysoundexaggerated,butonarrivingintheHighlandsmostpeoplereallyagreethatthesceneryisindeedmagnificent.

TheHighlandsare,asthenameimplies,thehillyormountainousregionofthecountry;theyform.thegreaterpartofthewesternhalfofScotlandnorthofGlasgow.

OnthefirstnightinScotlandatouristmaychoosetoputupatahotelinthelittletownofCallander,whichisknownasoneof"theGateways"totheHighlands.Onthefollowingdayhecansetouttoseethevariouslakesintheneighborhood,andwillbedelightedwiththewildandromanticaspectofthecountryside.Whenhereturnstohishotelhewillbegladtoeata"hightea".Thisisamealwhich,inScotlandandmanypartsofnorthernEngland,takesplaceofteaanddinner.Itconsistsofonesubstantialcourse,suchasonewouldhaveatdinner,followedbybread-and-butter,withjamorhoney,andsomekindofcakeorcakes;teaisdrunkwiththemeal,whichistakenataboutsixo'clockintheevening.Onehasalightsupperlateintheevening.

Thenextmorningmanytouristsjourneyontothewestcoast,passingontheirwayLochLomond,oneofthelargestandmostfamousoftheScottishlakes.Theroadtwistsandturns,dipsandclimbs,butisnotdangerous.Thegreatesthazardistheblack-facedsheep:theseanimalsareasactiveasgoats,andfrequentlywanderrecklesslyintotheroad.Thetouristsmayalsoseeaherdoflong-hairedHighlandcattle,whichlooksavagebutarenomoresothanordinarycattle.Eventuallytheroadrunsparallelwiththesea,alongacoastlinefringedwithlittleislandsandmaderaggedwithrockybays.

Edinburgh

Edinburgh,thecapitalofScotland,isafineoldcitybuiltpartlyinthevalleyoftheRiverLeitfiandpartlyontherollinghillswhichsurroundit.Thecityisdominatedbythecastle,anancientfortress(要塞)standingonthesummitofamassiverock,whichhasbeenthesceneofmanybattlesthroughoutcenturiesofScottishhistory.Todaywhatremainsoftheoriginalcastleispreservedasamuseumpiece.

TheroadfromthecastletotheroyalpalaceofHolyroodhouseisknownas"TheRoyalMile".Itisaveryoldroadrunningthroughtheoldestpartofthecitywheretherearemanyfamoushistorichousesandnarrowlanescalled"closes".ThenewerpartofthecityliesnorthofthefamousPrincesStreet,whichisthewidestandmostimpressiveofthemanywidestreetsandelegantsquarethataretobefoundinEdinburgh.

ThetrainsbringingvisitorstoEdinburghrunrightintotheheartofthecity.Climbin

A.Britain

B.BritishIsles

C.England

D.Wales,ScotlandandIreland

4.CommonFaultsandEyeMovement

Thereareanumberofbadhabitswhichpoorreadersadopt.Mostoftheseinvolveusingextrabodymovementinthereadingprocess.Inefficientreading,themusclesoftheeyeshouldmaketheonlyexternalmovement.Ofcoursetheremustbevigorousmentalactivity,butextrabodymovements,suchaspointingwiththefingerormovingthelips,donothelpreadingandoftenslowitdown.

POINTINGATWORDS

Afaultthatisoftenseenwhenstudentsaretryingtoconcentrateispointingtothewordswithafinger,pencilorruler.Youngchildrenandverypoorreadersoftenpointwithafingerateachwordinturn.Slightlymorematurereaderssometimesholdapencilorrulerunderneaththelinewhichtheyarereading.Whilemarkingthelinemightbehelpfulforbeginningreaders,itiscertainlyunnecessaryfornormalreaders.Besidesslowingdownthereaderthroughthemeremechanicalmovementofpencil,ruler,orfinger,pointingatlinesorwordstendstocausethestudenttofocushisattentiononthewrongthing.Theimportantthingtoconcentrateonwhilereadingistheideathattheauthoristryingtocommunicate,andnotthelocationofthewordsonthepage.Theeyesofanychildoldenoughtolearnhowtoreadarecertainlyskillfulenoughtobeabletofollowalineofprintwithoutextrahelpfromfingersorrulers.

Anothercommonfaultthatiseasilyobservedisheadmovement.Thismostoftenoccurswhenstudentsarenervousabouttheirreadingortryinghard,asduringareadingspeedtest.Withheadmovementthestudenttriestoaimhisnoseatthewordheisreadingsothatashereadsacrossthelinehisheadturnsslightly.Whenhemakesthereturnsweeptobeginanewlinehisheadquicklyturnsbacksothathisnoseispointedattheleft-handmargin,andhecannowbegintoreadthenewlinebyslowlyturninghishead.Thebeliefthatthisheadmovementaidsreadingispurenonsense.Eyemusclesarequitecapableofshiftingtheeyesfromwordtoword,andthe)'neednohelpfromneckmuscles.

Oftenstudentsarequiteunawarethattheyaremovingtheirheadswhilereadingandtheyneedtoberemindedbytheteachernottodo-it.

VOCALIZATION

Vocalizationisanotherfault.Somepoorreadersthinkitnecessarytopronouncealoudeachwordasitisread.Usuallythispronunciationisquitesoft,sothatthestudentismorewhisperingtohimselfthanactuallyreadingaloud,buteventhisisveryundesirable.Thechiefdisadvantageofpronouncingwordswhileyoureadthemisthatittendstotiereading'speedtospeakingspeed,andthesilentreadingofmostnormalreadersisnearlytwiceasfastastheirspeaking.Usuallythisfaultcanbeeliminatedinolderstudentsbytheirownconsciouseffort,possiblywiththeaidofafewremindersfromtheteacher.

Vocalizationbybeginningreadersisacommonfault;afterareaderreachessomematurityitbecomesveryundesirable.

Vocalizationtakesvariousmodifiedforms.Sometimesareaderwillmerelymovehislipssoundlessly.Atothertimeshemaymaketongueorthroatmovementswithoutlipmovement.Stillotherreaderswillhaveactivitygoingonintheirvocalcords,whichcanbedetectedbythestudentifheplaceshisfingersalongsidehisvocalcordsinthethroatwhileheisreading.Vocalcordvibrationcanbefeltwiththefingersquiteeasily.Liketruevocalization,theseminorpartsof"subvocalization"--lipmovement,tongueorthroatmovementandvocalcordmovement--canbestoppedbyconsciouseffortofthestudent.

SUBVOCALIZATION

Subvocalizationisthemostdifficultofalltypesofvocalization.Insuhvocalizationthereisnobodymovement.Thelips,tongueorvocalcordsdonotmove.Butaninnertypeofspeechpersists:withinthestudent'smindheissayingeachwordtohimself,clearlyp

A.YB.NC.NG

5.

Thetwopollutantsthatcauseaciddepositionare______andnitrogenoxides(NOx).

6.WorldPopulationGrowthandDistribution

TheUnitedNations,anacceptedauthorityonpopulationlevelsandtrends,estimatesthattheworldpopulationreached6billionin1999,andisincreasingannuallybymorethan77millionpersons.Therateofincrease,1.3percentperyear,hasfallenbelowthepeakrateof2percentperyearattainedby1970.Bythelate2040s,theUNestimates,thegrowthratewillhavefallentoabout0.64percentannually,atwhichtimemorethan50countrieswillexperiencenegativegrowth.

A.PastandPresentGrowth

Estimatesofworldpopulationbefore1900arebasedonfragmentary(零散的)data,butscholarsagreethat,formostofhumanexistence,long-runaveragepopulationgrowthapproachedapproximately0.002percentperyear,or20permillioninhabitants.AccordingtoUNestimates,thepopulationoftheworldwasabout300millionintheyearAD1,andittookmorethan1,500yearstoreachthe500millionmark.Growthwasnotsteadybutwasmarkedbyoscillations(擺動(dòng))dictatedbyclimate,foodsupply,disease,andwar.

Startinginthe17thcentury,greatadvancesinscientificknowledge,agriculture,industry,medicine,andsocialorganizationmadepossiblerapidaccelerationinpopulationgrowth.Machinesgraduallyreplacedhumanandanimallabor.Peopleslowlyacquiredtheknowledgeandmeanstocontroldisease.By1900theworldpopulationhadreached1.65billion,andby1960itstoodat3.04billion.

Beginningabout1950,anewphaseofpopulationgrowthwasusheredinwhenfamineanddiseasecouldbecontrolledeveninareasthathadnotyetattainedahighdegreeofliteracyoratechnologicallydevelopedindustrialsociety.Thishappenedasaresultofthemodestcostofimportingthevaccines(疫苗),antibiotics,insecticides,andhigh-yieldingvarietiesofseedsproducedsincethe1950s.Withimprovementsinwatersupplies,sewage-disposalfacilities,andtransportationnetworks,agriculturalyieldsincreased,anddeathsfrominfectiousandparasiticdiseasesgreatlydeclined.Lifeexpectancyatbirthinmostdevelopingcountriesincreasedfromabout35～40yearsin1950to66yearsby2000.Therapiddeclineindeathsamongpeoplewhomaintainedgenerallyhighfertilityratesledtoannualpopulationgrowththatexceeded3.1percentinmanydevelopingnationsa--ratethatdoublespopulationsizein23years.

B.RegionalDistribution

Asof2000,1.2billionpeoplelivedinthedevelopednationsoftheworld,and4.9billionpeoplelivedintheless-developedcountries.Byregion,overhalftheworld'spopulationwasinEastandSouthAsia;China,with1.3billioninhabitants,andIndia,withsome1billion,werethedominantcontributors.EuropeandthecountriesoftheformerUSSRcontained14percent,NorthandSouthAmericamadeup14percent,Africahad13percent,andthePacificIslandshadabout1percentofworldpopulation.

Differencesinregionalgrowthratesarealteringthesepercentagesovertime.Africa'sshareoftheworldpopulationisexpectedtomorethandoublebytheyear2025.ThepopulationofSouthAsiaandLatinAmericaisexpectedtoremainnearlyconstant;inotherregions,includingEastAsia,thepopulationisexpectedtodeclineappreciably.Theshareofthepresentdevelopednationsinworldpopulation--20percentin2000--isexpectedtofallto15percentby2025.Nineoutofeverytenpersonswhoarenowbeingaddedtotheworld'spopulationarelivingintheless-developedcountries.

C.UrbanConcentration

Asacountrydevelopsfromprimarilyanagriculturaltoanindustrialeconomy,large-scalemigrationofruralresidentstotownsandcitiestakesplace.Duringthisprocess,thegrowthrateofurbanareasistypicallydoublethepaceofoverallpopulationincrease.Some29percentoftheworldpopulationwaslivinginurbanareasin1950;

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

EnglishandAmericanjudgesaretryingtousealternativesentencingtopunishsomecriminals.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Inordertomeet______,low-incomeshoppersmustconsideralotoffactorswhenselectingfoodproducts.

9.

NGOcommunityisoftentheonlyavailablesourceofsupportfortheinternallydisplacedthoughtheassistanceisinadequatefor______.

10.Whyaresleddogssaidtobephysicalwonders?

A.Becausetheyareraisedbywolves.

B.Becausetheycanstandmostsevereweather.

C.BecausetheyarefastestrunneramongArcticanimals.

D.Becausetheycanbeargoodslikehorsesdo.

11.

ThefullnameoftheUFOis______.

12.InancientOlympicgamesathleteswererequiredtoearntheexcellencebyskillwithnoexception.

13.

Thereasonwhytheanalyticalandexplanatoryvalueofthetermglobalizationwaslargelyemptiedisthat______.

14.Accordingtothepassage,theonlyform.ofInternethoaxesise-mailhoax.

15.

Parents'inappropriateresponsetoachild'sworrycanaggravatehisorheranxieties.

A.YB.NC.NG

16.

Sportfishmenareenjoyersof______.

17.

TheAncientOlympicgameswerenotinternationaleventseventhoughtheathletestraveledtocompetefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.

A.YB.NC.NG

18.

Amygdalais______.

19.

ThereasonwhytheersatznewsthatAlabamachangedthevalueofPispreadwildlywasthat______forwardedthearticletofriendsandposteditonothernewsgroups.

20.

Allthesuccessesofthehiomimeticsdependonthe______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B7】

22.(32)

A.Beingkindandhelpingothers.

B.Takingoffyourshoesbeforeenteringahouse.

C.Neverfinishingadrink.

D.Pushingtothefrontofthequeueinthepostoffice.

23.(29)

A.Tocompletehis/herpersonalinformation.

B.Tomakeacoverletterwiththese.

C.Toimpresstheemployers.

D.Todistinguishthemselvesfromothers'entailedresumes.

24.聽(tīng)力原文：M:It'snearlylunchtime．I'llmakevegetablesoupmyself.Canyoutellmehowtodoit?

W:Ihavearecipethatmymothergaveme.Youcanfollowthedirectionsinthisbook.

Q:Whatdoesthemanprobablydonext?

(13)

A.Askthewomanforthesoup.

B.Callthewoman'smother.

C.Readthesouprecipe.

D.Eatlunchwiththewoman.

25.(42)

26.(26)

A.Hewasannoyed.

B.Hewaspleased.

C.Hefeltitcouldbereplaced.

D.Hedidnotcare.

27.(35)

A.Mostcancerdiseasescouldbetreated.

B.Cancerdiseasescouldincreasealotinthenext20years.

C.Tobaccouseisthenumberonecauseofcancer.

D.Coloncancerisespeciallycommonindevelopingcountries

28.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Sorrytobeherelate.I'mstarving.Haveyouorderedyet?

M:Ijustgotheremyself.Igotheldupintraffic.Let'slookatthemenutogether

Q:Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?

(17)

A.Paythebill.

B.Choosearestaurant.

C.Leavetherestaurant.

D.Decidewhattheywanttoeat.

29.(22)

A.Gradeallthehomework.

B.Cleantheprofessor'soffice.

C.Helptheprofessorintheclassroom.

D.Sortallthedocuments.

30.

【B2】

31.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽(tīng)力原文：EachdayeverypersonintheUntiedStatesthrowsawaymorethanfivepoundsofgarbage.Thereismoregarbagenowthaneverbeforeandmostofitismadeupofthepackagesandcansinwhichweputourfood.Thetraditionalwayofgettingridofsolidwastesisquicklybecominginadequate.Manycitiesareexperimentingwithnewerwaysofhandlingtheirgrowingpilesofgarbage.

Oneofthesenewwaysisrecycling.Throughrecyclingusablematerialsaretakenoutofgarbageandmadeintosomethingelse.Theseusablepartsofgarbageareputthroughthecycleofgoingfromarawmaterialtofinishedproductagain.

InsomecitiesamachinecalledHydrapulperisbeingusedtohelprecyclegarbage.Itislikeahugemixingmachine.Thegarbageisdroppedontoaconveyorbeltthatfeedsthemachine;Atthesametime,waterispumpedintothemachine.Withamixingaction,theHydrapulperthrowsouttheheavymetalobjectsthatcanlaterbesoldaswastemetal.Therestofthegarbage—paper,food,plastic,rubber,glass,woodleaves,andotheritems—fallsapart.Thewasteisthenmixedwithwaterandcarriedtoanotherpieceofequipmentwhereglass,sandandsmallpiecesofmetalarethrownout.

WiththeHydrapulper,upto95percentoftheoriginalgarbageismadeagainuseful.Therestisturnedintofurnaceash.

(27)

A.Aworthlessburdentobigcities.

B.Somethingthatcanbereused.

C.Arawmaterialformakingnewproducts.

D.Somethingabletorecyclebutdifficulttohandle.

32.聽(tīng)力原文：W:Oh,whatanuisance!

M:Hey,Julia.What'sthematter?Youdon'tseemveryhappy.

W:It'sthejunkmail.WheneverIcheckmymail-box,itisinundatedwithspam.Ijustemptiedmyincomingmailyesterday,andnowitiscrammedwithjunkmailagain.

M:Well,itissurelyannoyingtobespammed.I'musuallyatmycomputersoIdeletethemimmediatelyafterIseeanyspam.TheotherdayIwasspammedover30timeswithin20minutes.

W:Itseemsitisthesamecaseforeveryone.Wearefacingthesameproblem.

M:That'sright.Ase-mailcontinuestogrow,peopleshouldfindsomeapproachestopreventspamsuccessfully.Otherwise,theindulgingnetworkenvironmentwillposemoreandmorecybercrimes.

W:Yeah,totellthetruth,Ireallycan'tunderstandwhythespammersliketopostsomelinkstopornwebsites,Isthereanythinggoodforthemtodothat?

M:Youknowit'sthemotivationofprofit.Themostdedicatedspammeroftenmakesagreatdealofmoneybyengaginginillegalactivities,suchasthepornographyandcasinos.

W:Nowadays,bothindividualsandbusinessesareunderthethreatofatidalwaveofspare.Itisreportedthattheexpertsarenowdiscussinghowtoensurethefutureofe-mailasaviablecommunicationmedium.

M:Well,therearcsometechniquestofilterorscoretheincominge-mails,buttheyneedtobeimproved.

W:Ihopewecangetridofthenightmareofe-mailspamwiththehelpofnewtechnologies.

(23)

A.Informationsuperhighway.

B.E-commerce.

C.Junkmails.

D.Howtosende-mails.

33.

【B11】

34.聽(tīng)力原文：Manychildrenfirstlearnthevalueofmoneybyreceivinganallowance.Parentsoftengivetheirchildrenanamountofmoneythattheymayspendastheywish.Thepurposeistoletthechildrenlearnfromexperienceatanagewhenfinancialmistakesarenotverycostly.

Achildmayreceiveanallowanceeachweekoreachmonth.Theamountisnotsoimportant.Butparentsshouldmakeclearwhat,ifanything,thechildisexpectedtopayforwiththemoney.

Atfirst,youngchildrenmayspendalloftheirallowancesoonaftertheyreceiveit.Iftheydothis,theywilllearnthehardwaythatspendingmustbedonewithinabudget.Parentsshouldnotoffermoremoneyuntilthenextallowanceistobepaid.

Olderchildrenmayberesponsibleenoughtobudgetlargercostslikethoseforclothing.Theobjectistoshowyoungpeoplethatabudgetdemandschoicesbetweenspendingandsaving.

Andpayingchildrentodoextraworkaroundthehousecanbeuseful.Itcanevenprovideanunderstandingofhowabusinessworks.

Allowancesgivechildrenachancetoexperiencethethreethingstheycandowithmoney.Theycanshareitwithothers.Theycanspenditbybuyingthingstheywant.Ortheycansaveit.

Savinghelpschildrenunderstandthatcostlygoalsrequiresacrifice:youhavetocutcostsandplanforthefuture.

(33)

A.Toletthemlearnsomefinancialexperiences.

B.Toletthemlearnhowtosavemoney.

C.Toletthemlearnhowtobuygifts.

D.Toletthemlearnhowtoearnmoney.

35.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽(tīng)力原文：M:Whatdoyouthink?AmIOK?

W:Well,thereissomeinformationthatseemstome...Iwanttohaveathoroughcheckupanddosometests.

What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(12)

A.Teacherandstudent.

B.Doctorandpatient.

C.Lawyerandclient.

D.Bossandsecretary.

36.(25)

A.It'sanarrowstreetofmedievalhouses.

B.It'sthepalacewheretheQueenliveswhenshecomestoEdinburgh.

C.It'swheretheScottishgovernmentusedtobe.

D.It'swheretheScottishkingsandqueensusedtolive.

37.【B9】

38.【B4】

39.聽(tīng)力原文：M:Excuseme,MissLily.ButIwashopingtotalktoyouaboutmypresentationforliterature.

W:Ihaveaclassinafewminutes.Whydon'tyoucomeandseemetomorrowmorninginthedepartmentoffice?

Q:WhenwillthemandiscusshispresentationwithMissLily?

(18)

A.Duringliteratureclass.

B.Thenextday.

C.Inaboutanhour.

D.Beforeliteratureclass.

40.(34)

A.SouthAmerica

B.ThecountrysidethroughoutAmerica.

C.UrbanareasinthesouthernU.S.A.

D.ThecountrysideintheSouthernU.S.A.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

AsStanleysaid,ifyouwenttoknowhow.whenorwhyHerakleionandEasternCanopusdisappeared,therewas/were______toreferto.

42.

Whydidn'tthestateandlocalairpollutionlawsachievetheendofreducingpollution?

A.Industriestendtodisregardthelawsbecausetheydon'twanttospendextramoneyontheprocessingofindustrialwastes.

B.Althoughmeasuresaretakentosendindustrialpollutantshigheruptheatmosphere,theamountofindustrialpollutantsremainsthesame.

C.Thesmokestacksbuilttoreleasepollutantsarenottallenough.

D.Onlyasmallnumberofindustriesareequippedtoliveuptothenewstandardsoftheairpollutionlaws.

43.

Modernsocietiescontrolsupplyanddemand______.

A.bydirectinterventioninthepricingofgoodsandservices

B.bymeansofmoneyandthepricemechanism

C.bykeepingawatchfuleyeonrelativepricechanges

D.byfixingpricesinspecificindustries

44.

______canbetransmittedorallyfrompersontopersonorthroughcontactwithhumanfeces.

A.H.pyloriB.PepticulcersC.BacteriumD.Stomachcancer

45.Whenwillmelatoninbemadeinthebrainaccordingtothepassage?

46.

Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto______.

A.comparedifferentsystemsofgovernment

B.tellstoriesaboutwomeninSovietUnion

C.amusethereader

D.provideinformation

47.

Inordertocompetewithoverseasstudents,Americanchildrenwillprobablyhaveto______.

A.learntoworkwithdiversegroups

B.mastermorepracticalskills

C.havebroaderknowledge

D.strengthentheabilityofinnovation

48.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution".

Labor'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemploymentsinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintainingandrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflaborliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformsofthehigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.

Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbypaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe

"improvementfactor",which

calls

forwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlaborwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation.

Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itneverdoubtsthatautomation_______.

A.willeventuallypreventunemployment

B.willhelpworkersacquirenewkills

C.willeventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthantheemployers

D.isatrendwhichcannotbestopped

49.【S3】

50.

Theunderlinedword"parochialism"inthethirdparagraphcanbestbereplacedby______.

A.open-mindednessB.provincialismC.colonialismD.optimism

51.

______theoryisusedfrequentlytointerpretlight.

52.

Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthepresentsituation?

A.Tolerant.B.Indifferent.C.Disappointed.D.Surprised.

53.

Themainpurposeofstockoptionsis______.

A.togiveincentivetocutcomerstopumpupstockpricesintheshortterm

B.toinspireCEOstowinandlosewiththerestoflong-termshareholders

C.tolessentheextentofcorporatemalfeasance

D.toimprovecompany'sprofitbycuttingthetaxpaidtothegovernment

54.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

It'sperhapstheworld'smostfamousunderwaterattraction,immortalizedinfilmandinlegend:theTitanic.Butnowexpertssaytheoceanliner,onceawonderofthehighseas,isfallingtopieces.

Capt.AlfredMcLaren,thescientistwhoinJulyledthemostrecentexpeditiontotheship'sunderwatergrave,saidhisteamsawclearsignsofthewreck'sacceleratin