UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLD第2課時DISCOVERINGUSEFULSTRUCTURES（備作業(yè)）2021-2022學年高一英語系列（人教版2019必修第一冊）

必修第一冊練習Unit5LanguagesaroundtheworldDiscoveringUsefulStructures一、語法填空（一）1.Helivesinahouse,infrontof________standsatalltree.2.Sports,________whichyoumaybeweak,meanalotinlife.3.Thisisthepilotwith________mybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.4.Thelittlegirlwroteathank-youlettertothefirefighterby________shewasrescued.5.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveralcultures,eachof________seesitdifferently.6.Ishouldsaythankstomydearfriends,without________helpIwouldn'thaveachievedsuchgreatsuccess.7.Histheoryisthebasison________manytheoriesabouteducationarebuilt.8.Hehastwosons,bothof________arestayingabroad.9.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesepainting,thepriceof________wasveryreasonable.10.Wefinallyreachedthetopofthemountain,________abeautifulrainbowappeared.(填關(guān)系詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”)11.Thisisthereason________

heleftuswithouttellinganyone.(填關(guān)系詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”)12.Wecametoaplace________wehadneverpaidavisitbefore.(填關(guān)系詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”)13.Thearticlemayshocksomesensitivereaders,________Ioffermyapologiesinadvance.(填關(guān)系詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”)14.Thetower________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.(填關(guān)系詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”)15.Self-drivingisanarea________

Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.(填關(guān)系詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”)16.Hemadegreatprogress________thebosswasverysatisfied.(填關(guān)系詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”)17.Behindmyyardthereisatalltree________manysparrowsstayatnight.(填關(guān)系詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”)18.Nextmonth,________

wewillspendourwinterholidaysinourhometown,isapproaching.(填關(guān)系詞或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”)19.Hehandedmeapenwith________Iwrotedownhisphonenumber.（二）用正確的關(guān)系副詞填空1.Nobodycantakecommandofthesituation________everythingisinamass.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)2.ThehumanhasenteredtheAIera,________

robotsareusedinordinarylife,bringinggreatconveniencetopeople.3.Pleasetellmethereason________youmissedtheplane.4.I'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.5.Doyoustillremembertheplace________wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?6.Therewasatime________therewereslavesintheUSA.7.Thisisthehour________

theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.8.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace________

youmayspendyourweekend.9.Idon'tknowthereason________helooksunhappytoday.10.Istillrememberthenight________Ifirstcametothehouse.11.InEnglishclass,ourteacheroftencreatesanenvironment________

wearegiventheopportunitytosolveproblemsourselves.（用適當?shù)牡膯卧~填空）12.Ourpacewasslowbecausetheriverfrequentlyhadmanysharpbendsthroughdeepvalleys,________

thewaterseemedtoboil.(用適當?shù)脑~填空)13.Thereason________heisalwaysmakingthesamemistakeisthatheneverfollowsothers'advice.14.Hewrotealetter________heexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.15.Therearetworeasons________I'vedecidedtoreadoneofhisletterstotheaudiencenationwide.16.Wehavereachedastage________

wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.17.I'llneverforgettheday________

Iwonthefirstprizeinthe100-metreraceinschool.二、翻譯句子1.它在溫暖潮濕的地方長得很好。Itgrowswell____________________________.(where)2.大學時期，曾經(jīng)有一段時間我每周去看一次電影。________________________________________________________3.我喜歡生活在惠州這樣一個空氣清新的城市。I'dliketoliveinHuizhou________________theairisfreshandclean.4.比爾在公司處于這樣的境遇：要么承認低人一等，要么馬上卷鋪蓋離開。Billwasputintoaposition________________hehadto________accepthewaslessimportant,________packupandleaverightaway.三、閱讀理解A閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

TheEnglishlanguagehasalotofwordswhichcanbeusedinmanydifferentwaysandinmanydifferentexpressions.

Onesuchexampleisthewordmatter.Infact,mattercanmeanjustaboutanything.ItcouldbeoneofthemostusefulwordsintheEnglishlanguage.

Let'sgettotheheartofthematter—amatterofprinciple(原則).

Ifsomeonesaysthatyouowe(欠)him$50,butyoudon't,afriendmightsay,"Well,youcouldpayhimthe$50.It'snotthatmuchmoney.Thenyouwon'thavetohearhimsayitanymore."Butifyoudonotowehimthemoney,donotpayhimthemoney.It'samatterofprinciple.

Thereisanotherwaytousethewordmatter.Butbecarefulwithyourchoiceofwords.

Ifyouasksomeone,"What'sthematter?"itshowsyouareworriedabouttheotherperson.Butsaying,"What'sthematterwithyou?"hasacompletelydifferentmeaning.Anditusuallysoundsrude(粗魯?shù)?.Infact,whenyousay,"What'sthematterwithyou?"youaresuggestingthatthepersondidsomethingwrongorstupid.

Anotherexpressionthatcouldsoundrudeistosay,"Itdoesn'tmattertome."Here,itdependsonthecontext,andhowyousayit.

Let'ssayyoutellsomeonethatafriendjustgotabigraiseatwork.Thatpersonanswerswith,"Itdoesn'tmattertome."Here,itmeansheorshedoesnotcare.Anditsoundsrude.

Butsaying,"Oh,youpickwhereweeatdinner.Itdoesn'tmattertome."doesnotsoundrude.Inthissituation,"itdoesn'tmatter"showsyouareeasy-going(隨和的).

Nomatterhowyoulookatitandwhatyousay,matterisaveryusefulword.Andit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforeyouwillbecomeanexpertontheuseofmatter.（1）Whatistheauthor'ssuggestioninParagraph4?A.Everypennycounts.B.Sticktowhatisright.C.Followyourfriend'sadvice.D.Becarefulwhenmakingfriends.（2）Theunderlinedword"context"inthetextprobablymeans"________".A.choiceB.personC.situationD.answer（3）Theauthordevelopsthetextmainlyby________.A.usingexamplesB.givinginstructionsC.describinghisexperiencesD.discussingresearchfindingsB閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Todevelopone'stasteinEnglish,themosteffectivewayistoreadEnglishbooksextensively.Yetonemaybeatalosstochoosetheappropriatebooks,especiallyasabeginner.AsanativeSpanish,Iwouldliketosharesomeofmyexperience.

MyfirstEnglishnovelwasJaneAusten'sPrideandPrejudice,recommendedbymanyEnglishteachersandprofessorsasanidealbookforEnglishlearners.Butmyexperiencewassomewhatdisastrous.Ihadgreatdifficultyinunderstandingthenovel,letaloneenjoyingit.It'snotthevocabularythattroubledme,butratherthewayAustenconstructssentences,andherwayofthinking,whichseemedtooremotetomeatthattime.MyfadingenthusiasmwasmuchrecoveredafterreadingHemingway'snovelAFarewelltoArms.Nolongandcomplicatedsentences.AndIparticularlylikedhisbriefandstraightforward(簡潔的)style.Somyfirstsuggestionis,asabeginner,you'dbetterchoosecontemporarynovelsinsteadofclassicalones.

However,ifyourestrictyourselftonovelsyouwillmissalotoftreasures.Englishessayscanatonceinformyou,entertainyou,andimproveyourtasteinEnglish.ThebestexampleisBertrandRussell'swork.Itslanguageisplain,yetyoucannothelpfeelingtheeleganceandthepeculiarsenseofhumor.Hissimplelanguageenableshisphilosophywithinthereachofordinarypeople.Herecomesmysecondsuggestion—essaysareindispensable.

Neverfollowothers'recommendationsandopinionsblindly,howeverfamousorinfluential(有很大影響的)thepersonmightbe.Weshouldbeopentovariousideas,butalwaysthinkanddetermineforourselves.Asasayinggoes,oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.Withthatinmind,weareboundtofindoutourfavoritewritersthroughreadinganddevelopourfinetasteinEnglish.（1）WhatmadethefirstEnglishnovelthattheauthorreadhardtounderstand?A.Complicatedconversations.B.SentencesandAusten'sthinkingpattern.C.Theold-fashionedvocabulary.D.Notknowingthesocialbackground.（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"indispensable"?A.NecessaryB.ChallengingC.RelevantD.Inspirational（3）Whatadvicedoestheauthorgiveinthelastparagraph?A.Choosebooksthatchallengeusmost.B.Readbooksthatareinstructive.C.Don'tbeaffectedbyothers'choices.D.Comparebooksbeforebuying.（4）Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Givecommentsonliteratureworks.B.TellbeginnershowtochooseEnglishbooks.C.EncouragepeopletoreadmoreEnglishbooks.D.RecommendfirstclassbookstoEnglishlearners.C（2021高二下·江西月考）Asweallknow,anycountrieshavetheirownlanguages.Evenpeoplespeakingthesamelanguagehavedistinetdialectsthatarerootedintheirhistoryandculture,sowhetheryousay"soda"or"pop"mayrevealwhatcountryandwhatregionyouarefrom.WhatyoucallthenightbeforeHalloweenmaytietoyourreligiousbeliefs.Whatkindofslang(俚語)youusemaycomefromthecustomsofthecommunityyougrewupin.Languagesalsoshowconnectionsbetweenusandournaturalenvironments.Plantsandanimalsthataregivennamesinanylanguagearegenerallythosethatarerelevanttopeoplespeakingthelanguage.Therelevancecomesfromthewaythatthepeoplehaveinteracted(交互)withtheanimalsandplants,insomecasesovercenturies.Whilewemightthinkoflanguagesashavingastereotypedsetofwordsandrulesthatwelearninschool,infactlanguagesarealwaysdeveloping.Newwordsappearwhileothersfalloutofuseandpronunciationchangesovertimeasdoesthemeaningofwords.Peoplealsoborrowwordsfromotherlanguagestocomplement(補充)theirownvocabulary.Ourabilitytolearnlanguagesdevelopswhenweareyoung.Soundsheardasbabies,oreveninthewomb(子宮),setthestageforlanguagelearninglater.Babycooing(喔啊聲)istheresultofbabiesanalysisofthelanguagesspokentothem.Babiesarepracticingthepronunciationandrecognitionofsoundsthattheyneedforcommunication.Childrenexposedtodifferentlanguagesearlyinlifeandgrowingupwithvariouskindsoflanguagesaroundthemalwaysdevelopbettercognitive(認知的)functions,suchastheabilitytofocusandignoredistractions(使人分心的事).Languagesareasdiverseasthecommunitiesthatspeakthemandeachoftheabout7,000worldlanguagesisapieceofevidenceofacommunity'suniquehumanexperience.Yet,manylanguagesaroundtheworldareendangeredandasmanyashalfoftheworld'slanguagescouldgosilentbytheendofthiscentury.Thereasonsarethatthespeakersalwaysreceivesocialinequalitiesanddisrespectfromothersandthussodotheirlanguage.（1）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Languagesareinfluencedbyourhabits.B.Religionplaysakeyroleinlanguages.C.Languagesrevealwhoweareashumans.D.Languagesvaryfromcountrytocountry.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stereotyped"probablymean?A.New.B.Fixed.C.Changing.D.Complete.（3）Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Babiesenjoythemselvesbycooing.B.Webegintolearnlanguagesbeforewewereborn.C.Babieslearnthepronunciationandsoundsquickly.D.Childrenbenefitalotfromearlyexposuretolanguages.（4）Whywillmanylanguagesintheworldgosilent?A.Theyarenotworthspeakingfromnowon.B.Theofficiallanguagesarealwaysrespected.C.Thespeakerschoosetospeakpopularlanguages.D.Thespeakers'socialpositionschangefortheworse.D（2020高一上·上海期中）Thedeathoflanguagesisnotanewphenomenon.Languagesusuallyhavearelativelyshortlifespanaswellasaveryhighdeathrate.Onlyafew,includingEgyptian,Chinese,Greek,Latin,havelastedmorethan2,000years.Whatisnew,however,isthespeedatwhichtheyaredyingout.Europe'scolonialconquestscausedasharpdeclineinlinguisticdiversity,eliminatingatleast15percentofalllanguagesspokenatthetime.Overthelast300years,Europehaslostadozen,andAustraliahasonly20leftofthe250spokenattheendofthe18thcentury.Theriseofnation-stateshasalsobeendecisiveinselectingandconsolidatingnationallanguagesandsideliningothers.Bymakinggreateffortstoestablishanofficiallanguageineducation,themediaandthecivilservice,nationalgovernmentshavedeliberatelytriedtoeliminateminoritylanguages.Thisprocessoflinguisticstandardizationhasbeenboostedbyindustrializationandscientificprogress,whichhaveimposednewmethodsofcommunicationthatareswift,straightforwardandpractical.Languagediversitycametobeseenasanobstacletotradeandthespreadofknowledge.Monolingualismbecameanideal.Morerecently,theinternationalizationoffinancialmarkets,thespreadofinformationbyelectronicmediaandotheraspectsofglobalizationhaveintensifiedthethreatto"small"languages.AlanguagenotontheInternetisalanguagethat"nolongerexists''inthemodernworld.Itisoutofthegame.Theseriouseffectsofthedeathoflanguagesareevident.Firstofall,itispossiblethatifweallendedupspeakingthesamelanguage,ourbrainswouldlosesomeoftheirnaturalcapacityforlinguisticinventiveness.Wewouldneverbeabletofigureouttheoriginsofhumanlanguageorresolvethemysteryof"thefirstlanguage".Aseachlanguagedies,achapterofhumanhistorycloses.Multilingualismisthemostaccuratereflectionofmulticulturalism.Thedestructionofthefirstwillinevitablyleadtothelossofthesecond.Imposingalanguagewithoutanylinkstoapeople'scultureandwayoflifestiflestheexpressionoftheircollectivegenius.Alanguageisnotonlyusedforthemaininstrumentofhumancommunication.Italsoexpressestheworldvisionofthosewhospeakit,theirwaysofusingknowledge.Tosafeguardlanguagesisanurgentmatter.（1）Whichofthefollowingdoesnotcontributetothedeathoflanguages?A.ColonialconquestsofEuropeB.TheboomofhumanpopulationC.AdvancesinscienceandindustrializationD.Theriseofnation-states（2）Theunderlinedword"stifles"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"".A.boostsB.fuelsC.imposesD.kills（3）Theseriouseffectsofthedeathoflanguagesincludeallexceptthat.A.PeoplewouldfailtounderstandhowlanguagesoriginatedB.LanguagediversitywouldbecomeanobstacletoglobalizationC.MonolingualismwouldleadtothelossofmulticulturalismD.Humanbrainswouldbecomelesscreativelinguistically（4）Whatistheauthorspurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainthereasonswhylanguagesaredyingout.B.Towarnpeopleofthenegativeaspectsofglobalization.C.Tocallpeople'sattentiontotheurgencyoflanguagepreservation.D.Toarguehowimportantitisforpeopletospeakmorelanguages.四、（2021高三下·黃岡月考）任務(wù)型閱讀LanguageLearningLearninganewlanguagecanbetrickyatanyage.Butinarecentstudy,scientistshavepinpointedtheexactageatwhichyourchancesofreachingfluencyinanewlanguageseemtoquicklydropoff:10.DoesthismeanyoushouldquityourFrenchclassifyou'reolderthan10?Non!17.

Itfoundthatit's"nearlyimpossible"toreachfluencyifyoustartlearningalanguageafterage10.That'snotbecauselanguageskillsstarttogodownhill."You'restilllearningfast,"saysJoshuaHartshorne,oneofthestudy'scoauthors."It'sjustthatyourunoutoftime,becauseyourabilitytolearnstartsdroppingataround17or18yearsold."Peoplewhostartlearninganewlanguageafterage10maystillbecomequitegood,theauthorssay.18.Kidsmaybebetterthanadultsatlearningnewlanguagesformanyreasons.Children'sbrainsaremoreadaptablethanthoseofadults.19."Alllearninginvolvesthebrainchanging,"Hartshornesays."Children'sbrainsseemtobealotmoregoodatchanging."Kidsmayalsobemorewillingthanadultstotrynewthings.Andwhileadultstendtofallbackontherulesandpatternsoftheirfirstlanguage,kidsareabletoapproachanewonewithablankslate.20.

Itpromisedtoguesspeople'snativelanguage,dialect,andhomecountry,basedontheirresponsestoEnglishgrammarquestions.Attheendofthequiz,peopleenteredtheiractualnativelanguage.Theyalsoreportedifandwhentheyhadlearnedanyotherlanguagesandwheretheyhadlived.Nearly670,000peopletookthequiz.Analyzingpeople'sresponsesandgrammarmistakesallowedthemtodrawconclusionsaboutlanguagelearning.Thefindingsalsoofferideasforadultshopingtopickupanewlanguage.21.Movingtoaplacewhereyourchosenlanguageisspokenallthetimeisthebestwayforadultstolearn.Learnersofallagescansearchoutnativespeakersintheircommunitytotalkwith.Bycreatinganimmersiveenvironment,it'spossibletobecomegoodatspeakinganewlanguage.A.Nowthat'sworthtalkingabout!B.Buttheyareunlikelytobecomefluent.C.ThestudyappearedinthejournalCognition.D.Forthestudy,theresearcherscreatedanonlinequiz.E.Thismeansthey'rebetterabletorespondtonewinformation.F.ThisgaveresearchershugeamountsofdatafromEnglishspeakersofmanyagesandbackgrounds.G.Researchersfoundthatpeopledidbetterwhentheylearnedbyimmersionratherthanonlyinaclassroom.五、（2018高一下·江蘇月考）完形填空

Masteryofalanguageisoneofthegreatest

1

thatonecaneverhave.Manypeoplehaveapassion(激情)forlearninglanguages.Humanlanguageevolve(進化)fromhandgesturesandothersignsthatpeopleusedto

2

witheachother.Ancientpeoplestartedwithdrawing

3

aboutwhattheywantedtosay,whichlateronevolvedintosomelanguages,afterwhichmanyotherdialects(方言)havecomeinto

4

.Withover2,700differentlanguagesand7,000dialects

5

allovertheworld,theworldhasmanydifferentculturesthat

6

speaktheirnativedialects.

Onesuch

7

thatisevenolderthantheholybookQuran(thefinestworkinclassicalArabic

8

isArabic.Itisknowntobeoneofthemost

9

spokenlanguages,asover300millionpeoplespeakinthistongue.Incaseyouwanttolearnit,thentherearemanyArabictranslationservicesthat

10

peoplehowtoactuallyspeakthelanguage.Thislanguagealonehashundredsofdifferentdialectsthatareusedbypeopledependingonwhat

11

theyareat.Itis

12

thatpeoplewhospeak

13

languagesfinditdifficulttocommunicatewitheachotherbecauseofthedifferenceindialect

14

justlikeeveryotherlanguage,thislanguagealsohasastandardlanguagewhichisusedinbroadcasts,newspapers,magazinesandevenin

15

thatteachArabicastheirsecondlanguage.

Soifyouwantto

16

whatapersonwhohasadifferentArabicdialectistryingtosay,youwouldneedthe

17

ofArabictranslationservices.Asmentionedearlier,theyteachthislanguage;however,youneedtohaveenoughtimetolearnit

18

itisalsoknowntobeoneofthemost

19

languagesthatonecanlearn.Infact,manyuniversitystudentswhomajorinthislanguagegethelpfromtheseagencies,makingit

20

forthemtolearnit.1.A.waysB.skillsC.expressionsD.means2.A.communicateB.fightC.competeD.exchange3.A.numbersB.circlesC.mapsD.pictures4.A.sightB.effectC.fashionD.action5.A.concernedB.usefulC.presentD.familiar6.A.meanwhileB.stillC.seldomD.never7.A.bookB.gameC.customD.language8.A.literatureB.styleC.theoryD.influence9.A.probablyB.necessarilyC.widelyD.loudly10.A.adviseB.teachC.explainD.remind11.A.levelB.lengthC.ageD.location12.A.surprisingB.comfortingC.disappointingD.challenging13.A.foreignB.nativeC.similarD.various14.A.thereforeB.howeverC.besidesD.or15.A.schoolsB.restaurantsC.hospitalsD.supermarkets16.A.repeatB.forecastC.researchD.understand17.A.listB.helpC.sharingD.review18.A.becauseB.thoughC.unlessD.until19.A.importantB.formalC.difficultD.lively20.A.saferB.cheaperC.freerD.easier六、語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

PeopleallovertheworldknowthatChinais________

(wide)well-knownforitsancientcivilisation.Inthispassage,wewillintroducetheChinesewritingsystem.

Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstolonggu.Duringthattime,symbols________

(carve)onanimalbonesandshells.BytheShangDynasty,thesesymbols________

(become)awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,itdevelopedintodifferentformsbecausetheChinesepeopleweredividedgeographically,________

(lead)tomanyvarietiesofdialectsand________

(character).However,EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry________

theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasveryimportantinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.

WrittenChinesehasalsobecome________

importantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.Peopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworks________

(write)byChineseinancienttimes.NowtheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseen________

anartform—Chinesecalligraphy.

AsChinaplaysagreaterroleinglobalaffairs,anincreasingnumberofinternationalstudentsarebeginningtoappreciateChina'scultureandhistorythroughthis________

(amaze)language.七、改錯（2019高一下·岳陽月考）假設(shè)英語課上老師要求你的同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同學的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除、修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(/\),并在其下寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下面劃一橫線，并在該詞下寫出修改后的詞。

MostpeopleintheUnitedStatesdon'tlearntospeakthesecondlanguage.Highschoolsteachlanguages.Andveryfewstudentslearntospeakgood.Whydon'tAmericansspeakotherlanguages?TheUnitedStatesareaverylargecountry.AmericanscantravelalongdistanceandnotleavetheUnitedStates.Theydonotneedlearnasecondlanguage.AndmanypeopleinotherpartoftheworldspokeEnglish.IfAmericanstraveltoothercountries,theycanspeakEnglishinhere,too.ButsomeAmericansthinkthatisamistaketospeakEnglishonly.Theybelieveitisveryimportantlytolearnasecondlanguage.參考答案一、（一）1【答案】which【解析】句意：他住在一所房子里，房子前面有一棵很高的樹。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句為定語從句，關(guān)系詞前有介詞of，且先行詞是“house”，修飾的是物，故用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系代詞which引導的非限制性定語從句。2【答案】without【解析】句意：沒有運動，你可能會很虛弱，但運動對你的生活意義重大。此處是witiout+which引導的非限制性定語從句，故答案為without。【點評】考查介詞，本題涉及“witioutwhich”引導的非限制性定語從句。3【答案】whom【解析】句意：這就是我兄弟和他一起工作十年的飛行員。在本句中thepilot為先行詞，空中的詞在定語從句中作介詞with的賓語，指代人，故填whom。【點評】考查定語從句，本題涉及“withwhom”引導的限制性定語從句。4【答案】whom【解析】句意：小女孩給救出她的消防隊員寫了一封感謝信。分析句子可知，此處為定語從句的關(guān)系詞，先行詞是firefighter指人，它在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞who或that，但who和that的前面不能有介詞，在介詞后須用whom指代先行詞。故填whom?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及“by+whom”引導的限制性定語從句。5【答案】which【解析】句意：英語是多個文化共同使用的語言，每個文化看待這門語言都是不同的。結(jié)合句意，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞severalcultures，且空前有復(fù)合介詞eachof，故填which?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及“介詞+which”引導的非限制性定語從句。6【答案】whose【解析】句意：我應(yīng)該感謝我親愛的朋友們，沒有他們的幫助，我就不會取得如此巨大的成功。非限制性定語從句的先行詞friends，指人，在非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作名詞help的定語，所以要用關(guān)系代詞whose，故填whose?！军c評】考查非限制性定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系代詞whose引導的非限制性定語從句。7【答案】which【解析】句意：他的理論是許多教育理論的基礎(chǔ)。on

manytheoriesabouteducationarebuilt是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞thebasis，在從句中作介詞on的賓語，故填which?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及“onwhich”引導的限制性定語從句。8【答案】whom【解析】句意：他有兩個兒子，都在國外。分析句子可知，本句為復(fù)合句，含有非限制性定語從句。先行詞為twosons，在從句中，做介詞of的賓語，結(jié)合關(guān)系代詞的用法，先行詞指人，作賓語時用whom。故填whom?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系代詞whom引導的非限制性定從句。9【答案】which【解析】句意：最近我買了一幅古老的中國畫，價格非常合理。這是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是ancientChinesepainting，price與painting是所屬關(guān)系，即那副畫的價格，whoseprice=thepriceofwhich，故填which?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及“ofwhich”引導的非限制性定語從句。10【答案】where/abovewhich【解析】句意：我們終于到達了山頂，在那里/上面一道美麗的彩虹出現(xiàn)了。

abeautifulrainbowappeared.是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞thetopofthemountain，在從句中作地點狀語，因此可用關(guān)系副詞where，或者介詞above+which。因此答案為：where/abovewhich?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系副詞where引導的非限制性定語從句，或者above+which引導的非限制性定語從句。11【答案】why/forwhich【解析】句意：就是為什么他沒告訴任何人就離開了我們。

heleftuswithouttellinganyone.是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞thereason，在從句中作原因狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞why，相當于forwhich。因此答案為：why/forwhich?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及why/forwhich引導的限制性定語從句。12【答案】where/towhich【解析】句意：我們來到一個從未來過的地方。

wehadneverpaidavisitbefore.是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞aplace,在從句中作地點狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where；同時payavisittoaplace是固定短語“參觀某處”，因此也可用towhich引導，所以答案為：where/towhich。【點評】考查定語從句，本題涉及where/towhich引導的限制性定語從句。13【答案】towhom【解析】句意：towhom這篇文章可能會讓一些敏感的讀者感到震驚，我提前向他們道歉。

Ioffermyapologiesinadvance是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞somesensitivereaders，定語從句中運用了offerapologiestosb固定短語，因此答案為towhom?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及towhom引導的非限制性定語從句。14【答案】where/fromwhich【解析】句意：人們能看到好風景的塔在山上。

peoplecanhaveagoodview是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞thetower，在從句中作地點狀語，故填where，在此相當于fromwhich。因此答案為where/fromwhich。【點評】考查定語從句，本題涉及where/fromwhich引導的限制性定語從句。15【答案】where/inwhich【解析】句意：句意：無人駕駛是一個中國和世界其它國家都在同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。

Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞為area，在從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where，相當于inwhich，因此答案為where/inwhich。【點評】考查定語從句，本題涉及where/inwhich引導的限制性定語從句。16【答案】withwhich【解析】句意：他取得了很大的進步，老板對此很滿意。

thebosswasverysatisfied.是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞progress，同時

besatisfiedwith固定短語，“對......感到滿意”，先行詞作介詞with的賓語，因此答案為withwhich。【點評】考查定語從句，本題涉及withwhich引導的限制性定語從句。17【答案】where/inwhich【解析】句意：在我的院子后面有一棵高大的樹，許多麻雀在那里過夜。

manysparrowsstayatnight是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞atalltree，在從句中作地點狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where,，在從句中相當于inwhich。因此答案為：where/inwhich?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及where/inwhich引導的限制性定語從句。18【答案】when/duringwhich【解析】句意：下個月，那時我們將在家鄉(xiāng)過寒假，就要到了。

wewillspendourwinterholidaysinourhometown是非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞nextmonth，在從句中作時間狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞when，或者介詞during+關(guān)系代詞which，因此答案為：when/duringwhich?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系副詞when引導的非限制性定語從句，或者duringwhich引導的非限制性定語從句。19【答案】which【解析】句意：他遞給我一支筆，我用這支筆記下了他的電話號碼。with

Iwrotedownhisphonenumber.是限制性定語從句，先行詞是apen，在從句中作介詞with的賓語，用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及“介詞+which”引導的限制性定語從句。（二）1【答案】where【解析】句意：沒有人能控制一切都是一團糟的局面。句中先行詞為situation，在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導。故填where?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系副詞where引導的限制性定語從句。2【答案】when【解析】句意：人類已經(jīng)進入AI時代，在這個時代，機器人被應(yīng)用于日常生活中，給人們帶來很大的便利。

robotsareusedinordinarylife是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是theAIera，且空處在定語從句中作時間狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞when，因此填when?！军c評】考查定語從句,本題涉及關(guān)系副詞when引導的非限制性定語從句。3【答案】why【解析】句意：請告訴我你錯過飛機的原因。

youmissedtheplane是限制性定語從句，先行詞是thereason，在從句中作原因狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞why，故填why?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系副詞why引導的限制性定語從句。4【答案】when【解析】句意：我永遠不會忘記我們上星期見面的那一天。

wemeteachotherlastweek是限制性定語從句，先行詞是theday，在此句中作時間狀語，故填when?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系副詞when引導的限制性定語從句。5【答案】where【解析】句意：你還記得我們參觀畫展的那個地方嗎？

wevisitedthepaintingexhibition是限制性定語從句，先行詞是theplace，在從句中作地點狀語，故填where?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系副詞where引導的限制性定語從句。6【答案】when【解析】句意：從前美國有奴隸。

therewereslavesintheUSA是限制性定語從句，先行詞是atime，在從句中作時間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when，故填when?！军c評】考查定語從句，本題涉及關(guān)系副詞when引導的限制性定語從句。7【答案】when【解析】句意：這個時候這個地方總是擠滿了婦女和兒童。

theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren是限制性定語從句，先行詞是thehour，在從句中作時間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when