2022-2023學(xué)年山西省大同市陽高重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高一（上）期末英語試卷及答案解析

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年山西省大同市陽高重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高一（上）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AI'mastrongbelieverthatlearningdifferentlanguagesmakesyoulookquitegoodwhenyou'reinaforeigncountryandcanunderstandandspeakthelanguage.Thelistbelowis4apps（計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用程序）thatwillhelpyoulearnaforeignlanguage!Youcandownload（下載）themforfree.

Babbel-LearnLanguages

Babbelisanexcellentlanguagetooltohelpyouprogressstepbystepwithlearninganewlanguage.Ithelpsyoulearngrammaralongthewayasyouworkyourwaythroughthetasksandassignments（作業(yè)）.Youneedtopayeverymonth，butthiswillstillbecheaperthantakingphysicallessonswithateacher!

Duolingo：LearnLanguagesFree

Theapphasmanylanguagestochoosefromandwillworkthroughthebasicsallthewaytoadvancedwordsandsentences.It'sallcompletelyfreetoo!It'swelldesigned，looksgreatandwillhelpyoulearn，rememberandprogresswithjustalittlebitoftimeeveryday.

Tandem：LanguageExchange

Ratherthanhaveyouworkthroughtasksandmemorizedifferentthings，theappletsyoumatchwithpeoplewhoshareyourinterestsbutspeakthelanguageyouwanttolearn.Youcanthenhavetext，voiceandvideoconversationswithpeoplewhowanttolearnyournativelanguage，andinreturnyoulearntheirs，allbysimplycommunicatingwitheachother.It'sagreatwaytolearnwithonly＄1aday.

LearnEnglish-busuu

ThisappisperfectifyouwanttolearnEnglish.Thereareallsortsofaudioandvisuallearningaids.You'llfindyourselfworkingthroughinteractive（互動的）testsandlearningtoolsforvocabularyanddialogue.1.Whichappsuitsbestifyouwanttolearnthroughcommunication？______A.Babbel-LearnLanguages. B.Tandem：LanguageExchange.

C.Duolingo：LearnLanguagesFree. D.LearnEnglish-busuu.2.WhatisDuolingodifferentfromtheotherthreeapps？______A.It'completelyfreetouse.

B.It'sspeciallydesignedforEnglishlearning.

C.It'sunsuitableforbeginners.

D.It'sthebestappforEnglishlearning.3.Whatdothe4appshaveincommon？______A.Theycoveralllanguages. B.Theyareexpensive.

C.Theycontainmanytests. D.Theyarefreetodownload.BReadingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now，thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.

Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace，hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure，travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.

BrucePederson，themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing，says，"Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth."

Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses，intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.

Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.

BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe"real"butnotthevirtual（虛擬）.Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.4.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph？______A.Toexplainwhattheyare.

B.TointroduceBookCrossing.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.

D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto？______A.Thebook. B.Anadventure.

C.Apublicplace. D.Theidentificationnumber.6.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit？______A.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit. B.Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.

C.Passitontoanotherreader. D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？______A.OnlineReading：AVirtualTour

B.ElectronicBooks：ANewTrend

C.ABookGroupBringsTraditionBack

D.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooksCPeopleenjoytalkingabout"firsts".Theyliketoremembertheirfirstloveortheirfirstcar.Butnotallfirstsarehappyones.

Oneofhistory'sbadbutimportantfirstswasthefirstcaraccident.Carswerestillyoungwhenithappened.TheaccidenttookplaceinNewYorkCityinMay1896.AmanfromMassachusettswasvisitingthecityinhisnewcar.Atthattime，bicycleriderswerestilltryingtogetusedtothenewsetofwheelsontheroad.Noonewassurewhowastoblameforit.Anyway，thebikeandthecarhiteachotherhard.Themanonthebikewasinjured.Thedriverofthecarhadtostayinjailandwaitforthehospitalreportonthebicyclerider.Luckilytheriderwasnotkilled.

Threeyearslater，anothercaraccidenttookplace.ItwasagaininNewYorkCity.AmannamedHenryBlisssteppedoffastreetcar.Hewashitbyapassingcar.Onceagain，noonewassurejusthowithappenedorwhosefaultitwas.Thedriverofthecarwasputinjail.PoorMr.Blissbecamethefirstpersontodieinacaraccident.8.Whichofthefollowingistrue？______A.ThefirstdrivercamefromNewYorkCity.

B.Bothofthetwocaraccidentskilledaperson.

C.Thesecondcaraccidentdidn'thappeninthesamecityasthefirstone.

D.Nooneknewhowthetwoaccidentshadhappened.9.Inbothaccidentsthedriversofthecars______.A.couldnotdrivetheircarsverywell

B.hadtostayinjailforawhile

C.triedtorunawayaftertheaccidentstookplace

D.knewitwastheirfault10.Theword"jail"inthispassagemeans______.A.policestation B.prison C.school D.office11.Themainideaofthepassageis______.A.notallfirstsarehappyones B.twoofthefirstcaraccidents

C.twounhappy"firsts" D.bicycleridersgetusedtocarsDThenexttimeyoumakeyourselfahotcupofteaorcoffee，youmightwanttoletitcooldownabitbeforedrinking.Researcherssaylettingyourhotdrinkscooloffcouldhelpyouavoidsomekindsofcancer.

Infact，theUnitedNations'cancerresearchagencydecidestolisthotdrinkswithlead，gasolineandexhaustfumesas"possiblycarcinogenic（致癌的）".Inotherwords，eachonecouldcausecancer.

ResearchersattheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancerfoundevidencethatdrinksattemperaturesabove65degreesCelsius，whenswallowed，cancausecanceroftheesophagus（食道）.

Theresearchersexaminedfindingsfromotherstudieswhereteaandcoffeewereoftenservedat70degreesCelsiusorabove.ThosestudieswerecompletedinChinaandSouthAmerica.Indevelopedcountries，healthexpertshavelinkedesophagealcancertosmokingandalcoholicdrinks.

However，thisformofcancerismorecommoninareaswherepeoplehavedrinksatveryhightemperatures.

InEuropeandtheUnitedStates，manypeopledrinkcoffeeandteaattemperaturesaround60degreesCelsius.Andtheyoftenaddmilkwhichlowersthetemperatureconsiderably.However，teadrinkersinSouthAmericaoftenenjoytheirbeveragesatcloserto70degreesCelsius.

In1991，theWorldHealthOrganizationlistedcoffeeas"possiblycarcinogenic".WHOofficialshavesincechangedtheirpositiononthatlisting.Theynowsuggestthatthetemperatureofyourhotdrinkisagreaterriskfactorthantheactualdrinkitself.

ChristopherWildisthedirectoroftheIARC.Hesaidthattheresultssuggestthatdrinkingveryhotbeveragesisoneprobablecauseofesophagealcancerandthatitisthetemperature，ratherthanthedrinksthemselves，thatappearstoberesponsible.12.Whomostprobablysuffersfromcanceroftheesophagus？______A.Agirlwholikescoldmilk. B.Amanwhodrinksveryhottea.

C.Awomanwholikescoffee. D.AmanwhoworksatIARC.13.WhydidtheWHOremovecoffeefrom"possiblycarcinogenic"list？______A.Becausepeopledon'tlikecoffeeanylonger.

B.Becausepeopledrinkcoffeeat60degreesCelsius.

C.Becausecoffeehasnothingtodowithcancers.

D.Becausetemperatureismoredangerousthancoffeeitself.14.Howdoestheauthormainlysupportthethemeofthetext？______A.Bystudyingexamples. B.Bystartingarguments.

C.Byprovidingresearchresults. D.Byshowingbackgrounds.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.HotDrinksLinkedtoCancer B.ReduceHavingHotDrinks

C.DangerofDrinkingHotDrinks D.HealthyDrinks二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Todaywetakealookattheword"smart".Ifsomeonesaysyouaresmart，whatdotheymean？Isitagoodthingorsomethingbad？（1）______Thisisbecausetheword"smart"hasmanymeanings.

Forexample，someonecouldsayyoulooksmartoraredressedsmartly.Thatmeanstheylikeyourphysicalappearanceorwhatyouarewearing.

Butifsomethingsmarts，itcanbeunkindorhurtful，eitherphysicallyormentally.Ifyouaccidentallytripoverachairandfalldown，youmightshout，"Ow!Thatsmarts！"Orifafriendsayssomethingthathurtsyourfeelings，youcansayyouaresmartingfromthehurtfulcomments.（2）______

Ifyouarestandingtooclosetoacampfire，youcouldsayyoureyesaresmartingfromthesmokeofthefire.Heretheword"smarting"meansfeelingasharppain.

（3）______Ifsomeoneissmartasawhip，theyareabletothinkveryquickly.

（4）______Somepeopleareconsideredstreetsmart.Theymaynothaveastrongeducation.Buttheyaregoodatdealingwithpeopleandproblemsintherealworld.Otherpeoplemightbebooksmart.Thismeanstheyhavespentmanyyearsinschool.Buttheymaynotbesosmartwhendealingwithpeopleorrealworldproblems.

Andthenthereisadefinitionofsmartthatmeanstotalkorbehavedisrespectfully.Ifyousaysomethingdisrespectfultoyourparents，theymightsay，"Don'tgetsmartwithme！"Here，"smart"meansshowingalackofrespectbysayingsomethingunkind.Thisdefinitionofsmartcanalsobeusedasaverb.（5）______

A.Dotheyreallymeanyouaresmart？

B.Theanswerisnotaseasyasyoumightthink.

C.Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsbeingsmart.

D.Infact，maybethatpersonisnolongeryourfriend.

E.Butthemostcommonmeaningof"smart"istobeintelligent.

F.However，differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofbeingsmart.

G.Ifyousmartofftothewrongpeople，theycouldhityouintheface.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）Asanoldsayinggoes,"Goodfences（柵欄）makegoodneighbors."Withmanypeople(21)tostayathomeduringthepandemic,somefindgoodfencescan(22)makegoodfriends.

Myfamilylivesnextto99-year-oldMaryO'Neill.AlthoughMary'sdaughtervisitsher(23)，thepandemicleavestheoldladyin(24).Amazingly,Marymanagestodevelopaspecial(25)withherneighbor-myson-BenjaminOlsen,agedtwo.Mary(26)throughthefenceasBenjaminlearnstowalk,talk,and(27)nunandplay.AndwhenBenjaminseesMary,heseesaclosefriend,and(28)her"Mimi".Marywillalsocallout.'HeyBenjamin!'whensheseeshim.It'sjustbeensopleasanttowatchthe(29)scene.Mary'sdaughterandI，both(30)therelationshiphasauniquefunctionthathaskepttheelderlywoman(31)thelongperiodofbeingseparatedfromothers.

Asthepandemiclimitationshavelifted,MaryandBenjamin'sfriendshipcontinuestogrowonbothsidesofthe(32)onlynow,thegatescanbeopened.Benjamin(33)Maryonherstepstoplaygames,blowbubblesandenjoytheactivitiesthatbringjoytothepair-oneatayoungage,andtheotherwitha（n）(34)heart.

Friendshipcanjusthappeninsomanydifferentways.Weare(35)theywereabletoformthisone-pandemicornot,becauseitmeansalottobothsides.21.

A.forced B.allowed C.invited D.sent22.

A.never B.also C.only D.already23.

A.moreorless B.onebyone C.nowandthen D.upanddown24.

A.panic B.loneliness C.freedom D.joy25.

A.custom B.agreement C.interest D.friendship26.

A.visits B.checks C.watches D.passes27.

A.actually B.eventually C.regularly D.suddenly28.

A.calls B.assures C.makes D.regards29.

A.warm B.cold C.bitter D.strange30.

A.doubt B.advise C.predict D.believe31.

A.resisting B.defending C.surviving D.involving32.

A.fence B.family C.society D.road33.

A.replaces B.sends C.joins D.inspires34.

A.old B.young C.close D.far35.

A.confident B.regretful C.disappointed D.moved四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.

ZhaoWenying,a65-year-oldwomanfromZhejiangProvince,recentlybecametheworld'soldestperson

(1)

(pass)theprofessionalRubik'sCube(魔方)B-levelexam.Shealsoholdstheworldrecordforapersonovertheageof60tosolvetheRubik'sCubeblindfolded(蒙上眼睛的).

Beforeretirement,Zhaowasamathteacher.Aftershestoppedworking,shebegantosolvetheRubik'sCubeas

(2)

hobby.Asagreenhand,Zhaolearnedalittle

(3)

(slow)atfirst.Yetshewasdeterminedtogetgood

(4)

it.Shefoundsomeonlinecoursesandspentmorethanfouryears

(5)

(learn)tosolvetheRubik'sCubebyherself.

Later,shelearnedhowtodoitblindfolded."WhenIfirstlearnedtosolveitblindfolded,Iwas

(6)

(curiosity)abouthowotherpeopledidit.Ijustthoughtiftheycoulddoit,Icouldtoo,"Zhaosaid.Thenshefoundaprofessionaltoteachher.Thoughitisdifficultforpeoplein

(7)

(they)60stolearntosolvetheRubik'sCubeblindfolded,Zhaodidherbesttolearnthe

(8)

(skill).Duringherlearningprocess,sheusedupfournotebooksinall.

"Everyone

(9)

(have)adreamandyoumustrealizeyourdreamsthroughhardwork.Whilerealizingdreamsisamoment,followingdreamsisaprocess

(10)

happinesstrulylies,"Zhaosaid.五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.你校將舉行以"善待野生動物，實(shí)現(xiàn)和諧共處"為主題的英語演講比賽，請你寫一篇發(fā)言稿參賽，內(nèi)容包括：

1.野生動物的重要性；

2.野生動物的現(xiàn)狀及其原因；

3.發(fā)出號召。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Goodafternoon,everyone!

_____________

That'sall.Thanksforyourlistening.38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Lastweek,Iwatchedanoldcouplewhentheywalkedthroughalocalthrift（節(jié)儉）store.

IhadjustdroppedoffabagofclothesandafewotheritemsInolongerwanted.WhenIgottheopportunity,Istoppedbyjusttolookthroughtheoldrecords.Yes,Icalledthemrecords,notCDsorMP3s,simplyrecords,thoseroundplasticthingsfromancienttimesthathadmusicrecordedonthem.

Anyway,thiscouplemovedslowlyaroundmeinsearchofitemstheyhadonalinttheyheldtightinhand.Theydidn'tsaymuch,butoccasionallytalkedwiththeotherandpickedanitemup."No,it'snotsuitableforherandshedislikesit,"onewouldsayandmoveon.

MycuriosityalwaysgotthebestofmeuntilIsatisfieditbyasking."CanIhelpyoufindsomething？"Iasked.Theystopped,lookingatme.Thenthemansaid,"Wearelookingforoldthingsthatlooknew.Look,everynewyearinthepastwetriedtobegintheyearwithnewthings.Itwasagoaltosurroundourselveswiththingsfreshandnewsothatwehadnewdirection,newhopesanddreamsfortheyearahead.Moreimportantly,wecangivesomegiftstoEva."

"Eva？Whoisshe？"Iasked."Sheisalovely10-year-oldgirlweadoptedthreeyearsago.Herparentsdiedinaserioustrafficaccident.Shealwayswantstobeasinger,"themanrepliedWhenhearingthosewords,Ifeltsadandsaid,"I'msorryforthegirl.Canyoutellmehowdoesyoursearchworkout？"Theladysighedandsaid,"Ittookalongtimeforustofindaspecialgift,butwediscovereditwasinvain（徒勞的）."

Iknewit'sdifficultforthecoupletosolvetheproblem,soIdecidedtotakeactionimmediately.Isaidtothecouple,"Icandoyouafavor.Pleasewaithereforme."

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Iturnedaroundandranoutofthestore.

WhenIreturnedtothestore,thecouplesatnearthecounter（柜臺）.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、A、D【解析】1．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)Tandem：Language

Exchange中的"Youcanthenhavetext，voiceandvideoconversationswithpeoplewhowanttolearnyournativelanguage，andinreturnyoulearntheirs，allbysimplycommunicatingwitheachother"可知如果你想通過交流學(xué)習(xí)，Tandem：LanguageExchange最適合．故選B．

2．A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)Duolingo：Learn

Languages

Free中的"Theapphasmanylanguagestochoosefromandwillworkthroughthebasicsallthewaytoadvancedwordsandsentences．It'sallcompletelyfreetoo!"可知Duolingo與其他三個(gè)應(yīng)用程序的不同是它是完全免費(fèi)使用的．故選A．

3．D．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第一段"Youcandownloadthemforfree．"可知這些應(yīng)用程序的共同點(diǎn)是他們可以免費(fèi)下載．故選D．

本文是一篇廣告布告類閱讀，文章主要介紹了我堅(jiān)信學(xué)習(xí)不同的語言會讓你在異國他鄉(xiāng)的時(shí)候看起來非常好，并且能聽懂和說英語．下面的清單是4個(gè)應(yīng)用程序，可以幫助你學(xué)習(xí)外語!你可以免費(fèi)下載．

此題主要考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

4~7.【答案】B、A、C、D【解析】（1）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"NowthewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup現(xiàn)在，圖書交流網(wǎng)站翻開了傳統(tǒng)圖書團(tuán)體的新篇章。"可知，作者提到bookgroups是為了引出BookCrossing.故選B。

（2）A.代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段中的"hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure，travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreader希望這本書能有一次冒險(xiǎn)，與每一位新讀者周游四方。"可知，此處的"it"指的是"thebook"。故選A。

（2）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第段中的"BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace，hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure，travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit圖書交叉處提供了一個(gè)標(biāo)識號，可以粘貼在書中。然后，這個(gè)人把它放在一個(gè)公共場所，希望這本書能有一次冒險(xiǎn)，和每一個(gè)找到它的新讀者一起旅行。"可知，讀完書之后，BookCrossers將會把它繼續(xù)傳遞給其他的讀者。故選C。

（3）D.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句"Now，thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup"以及下文的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了BookCrossing網(wǎng)站的功能及其創(chuàng)建的意義。故選D。

這是一篇說明文，介紹了BookCrossing網(wǎng)站幫助喜愛讀書的人互相交流并傳遞圖書。

1．直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。

2．間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3．綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

8~11.【答案】D、B、B、A【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段No

one

was

sure

who

was

to

blame

for

it.（沒有人確定誰該為此負(fù)責(zé)。）以及最后一段Once

again，no

one

was

sure

just

how

it

happened

or

whose

fault

it

was.（再一次，沒有人知道這是怎么發(fā)生的，或者是誰的錯(cuò)。）可知沒有人知道這兩起事故是怎么發(fā)生的。故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段The

driver

of

the

car

had

to

stay

in

jail

and

wait

for

the

hospital

report

on

the

bicycle

rider.（這輛車的司機(jī)不得不呆在監(jiān)獄里，等待醫(yī)院對騎車人的報(bào)告。）以及做后一段The

driver

of

the

car

was

put

in

jail.（汽車司機(jī)被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。）可知這兩起事故中，司機(jī)都不得不在監(jiān)獄里呆一段時(shí)間。故選B。

（3）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段The

driver

of

the

car

had

to

stay

in

jail

and

wait

for

the

hospital

report

on

the

bicycle

rider.（這輛車的司機(jī)不得不呆在監(jiān)獄里，等待醫(yī)院對騎車人的報(bào)告。）可知jail的意思是"監(jiān)獄"。A.police

station警察局；B.prison監(jiān)獄；C.school學(xué)校；D.office辦公室。故選B。

（4）主旨大意題。閱讀全文以及根據(jù)第一段People

enjoy

talking

about

"firsts".They

like

to

remember

their

first

love

or

their

first

car.But

not

all

firsts

are

happy

ones.（人們喜歡談?wù)?第一次"。他們喜歡記住自己的初戀或第一輛車。但并不是所有的第一次都是快樂的。）可知本文主要談?wù)摿瞬⒎撬械牡谝淮味际强鞓返?。故選A。

本文主要談?wù)摿瞬⒎撬械牡谝淮味际强鞓返摹?/p>

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

12~15.【答案】B、D、C、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Researchers

say

letting

your

hot

drinks

cool

off

could

help

you

avoid

some

kinds

of

cancer.（研究人員表示，讓熱飲冷卻可以幫助你避免某些癌癥。）及第三段Researchers

at

the

International

Agency

for

Research

on

Cancer

found

evidence

that

drinks

at

temperatures

above

65

degrees

Celsius，when

swallowed，can

cause

cancer

of

the

esophagus

（國際癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)有證據(jù)表明，飲用溫度超過65攝氏度的飲料會導(dǎo)致食道癌。）可知，喝熱飲易導(dǎo)致食道癌。所以B選項(xiàng)"喝熱茶的人"最有可能患有食道癌。故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段In

1991，the

World

Health

Organization

listed

coffee

as

"possibly

carcinogenic".WHO

officials

have

since

changed

their

position

on

that

listing.They

now

suggest

that

the

temperature

of

your

hot

drink

is

a

greater

risk

factor

than

the

actual

drink

itself.（1991年，世界衛(wèi)生組織將咖啡列為"可能致癌物質(zhì)"。世衛(wèi)組織官員后來改變了他們在這一名單上的立場。他們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，熱飲的溫度比熱飲本身的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。）可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織將咖啡從"可能致癌"清單上去掉，是因?yàn)橄啾扔陲嬃媳旧恚瑹犸嫷臏囟葘】档挠绊懜?。故選D。

（3）寫作手法題。根據(jù)第三段Researchers

at

the

International

Agency

for

Research

on

Cancer

found

evidence

that

drinks

at

temperatures

above

65

degrees

Celsius，when

swallowed，can

cause

cancer

of

the

esophagus

（國際癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)有證據(jù)表明，飲用溫度超過65攝氏度的飲料會導(dǎo)致食道癌。）及最后一段Christopher

Wild

is

the

director

of

the

IARC.He

said

that

the

results

suggest

that

drinking

very

hot

beverages

is

one

probable

cause

of

esophageal

cancer

and

that

it

is

the

temperature，rather

than

the

drinks

themselves，that

appears

to

be

responsible.（克里斯托弗?懷爾德是國際癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)的主任。他說，研究結(jié)果表明，飲用非常熱的飲料是食道癌的一個(gè)可能原因，而且似乎是溫度而不是飲料本身造成的。）可知，文章中反復(fù)提到"研究證據(jù)/結(jié)果表明"，所以作者主要是通過提供研究結(jié)果來支撐文章的主題的。故選C。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Researchers

say

letting

your

hot

drinks

cool

off

could

help

you

avoid

some

kinds

of

cancer.（研究人員說，讓熱飲料冷卻可以幫助你避免某些癌癥）和最后一段中He

said

that

the

results

suggest

that

drinking

very

hot

beverages

is

one

probable

cause

of

esophageal

cancer

and

that

it

is

the

temperature，rather

than

the

drinks

themselves，that

appears

to

be

responsible.（他說，研究結(jié)果表明，飲用非常熱的飲料是食道癌的一個(gè)可能原因，而且似乎是溫度而不是飲料本身造成的。）并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即過熱的飲料會引發(fā)食道癌，因此推斷A項(xiàng)"熱飲料與癌癥有關(guān)"為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——喝過熱的飲料會引發(fā)食道癌。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

16~20.【答案】B、D、E、F、G【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)空前"If

someone

says

you

are

smart，what

do

they

mean？Is

it

a

good

thing

or

something

bad？（如果有人說你很聰明，那是什么意思？是好事還是壞事？）以及空后This

is

because

the

word

"smart"

has

many

meanings.（這是因?yàn)?聰明"這個(gè)詞有很多意思。）可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)是對問句的回答或是"smart"

有多種含義的結(jié)果。B選項(xiàng)"The

answer

is

not

as

easy

as

you

might

think."答案可能并不像你想的那么容易。"符合語境。故選B。

（

2

）推理判斷題。根據(jù)空前Or

if

a

friend

says

something

that

hurts

your

feelings，you

can

say

you

are

smarting

from

the

hurtful

comments.

（或者如果一個(gè)朋友說了一些傷害你感情的話，你可以說你正在為這些傷人的評論而痛苦。）可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)說明被朋友傷害后的結(jié)果。D選項(xiàng)"In

fact，maybe

that

person

is

no

longer

your

friend.

"事實(shí)上，也許那個(gè)人不再是你的朋友了。"符合語境。故選D。

（3

）主旨大意題。根據(jù)空后If

someone

is

smart

as

a

whip，they

are

able

to

think

very

quickly.（如果一個(gè)人像鞭子一樣聰明，他就能很快地思考。）可知，此處應(yīng)該說smart具有"聰明的"含義。E選項(xiàng)"But

the

most

common

meaning

of

"smart"

is

to

be

intelligent.但是，"smart"

最常見的含義是"聰明的"。"符合語境。故選E。

（4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)空后Some

people

are

considered

streetsmart.They

may

not

have

a

strong

education.（有些人被認(rèn)為是街頭智者，他們可能沒有受過良好的教育。）以及本段第五句Other

people

might

be

booksmart.（其他人可能是書呆子。）

可知，本段講了兩種聰明：處世聰明和讀書聰明。F選項(xiàng)"However，different

people

have

different

ways

of

being

smart.然而，不同的人有不同方式的聰明。"符合語境。故選F。

（5）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)空前And

then

there

is

a

definition

of

smart

that

means

to

talk

or

behave

disrespectfully.If

you

say

something

disrespectful

to

your

parents，they

might

say，

"Don't

get

smart

with

me！"

Here，

"smart"

means

showing

a

lack

of

respect

by

saying

something

unkind.This

definition

of

smart

can

also

be

used

as

a

verb.

（還有一個(gè)對聰明的定義，就是說話或行為不禮貌。如果你對你的父母說一些不禮貌的話，他們可能會說："別跟我耍小聰明!"在這里，"聰明"的意思是通過說一些不友好的話來表示對他人的不尊重。Smart的這個(gè)定義也可以用作動詞。）可知，此處應(yīng)該說明smart表示"不敬"時(shí)的動詞用法。選項(xiàng)中的smart為動詞，G選項(xiàng)"If

you

smart

off

to

the

wrong

people，they

could

hit

you

in

the

face.如果你跟錯(cuò)了人，他們可能會打你的臉。"符合語境。故選G。

本文是一篇說明文，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了關(guān)于聰明的定義和真正聰明的做法。

"七選五"選擇題，主要目的在于考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。解題時(shí)最主要的兩個(gè)步驟就是1．理清文章的邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)，2．在所給的原文中找出關(guān)鍵詞或者說是線索詞。文章的整體思路能幫助你在答案中篩選出符合邏輯的選項(xiàng)，關(guān)鍵詞則能幫助你確定更多的細(xì)節(jié)，排除相近的選。得出正確的答案。

21~35.【答案】A、B、C、B、D、C、B、A、A、D、C、A、C、B、D【解析】（1）A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.forced被迫；B.allowed允許；C.invited邀請；D.sent送。句意：正如一句老話所說："好籬笆造就好鄰居。"疫情期間，許多人被迫呆在家里，一些人發(fā)現(xiàn)好籬笆也能造就好朋友。根據(jù)下文"stay

at

home

during

the

pandemic"（疫情期間，要呆在家里）可知，疫情期間，人們是不得不待在家的，所以是被迫待在家的。故選A。

（2）B.考查副詞及語境理解。A.never從不；B.also也；C.only只有；D.already已經(jīng)。句意：正如一句老話所說："好籬笆造就好鄰居。"疫情期間，許多人被迫呆在家里，一些人發(fā)現(xiàn)好籬笆也能造就好朋友。根據(jù)上文"Good

fences（柵欄）make

good

neighbors."和本處"good

fences

can（2）make

good

friends"可知，這屬于遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，好籬笆造就好鄰居，好籬笆也能造就好朋友。故選B。

（3）C.考查短語及語境理解。A.more

or

less或多或少；B.one

by

one

一個(gè)接一個(gè)；C.now

and

then偶爾；D.up

and

down

上上下下。句意：雖然瑪麗的女兒偶爾會去看望她，但疫情讓這位老婦人感到孤獨(dú)。根據(jù)上文"My

family

lives

next

to

99-year-old

Mary

O'Neill."（我家隔壁住著99歲的瑪麗奧尼爾）可知，瑪麗是作者的鄰居，再結(jié)合上文可知疫情期間人們被迫待在家里，所以瑪麗的女兒不能時(shí)常來看她，所以應(yīng)該是偶爾來看她。故選C。

（4）B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.panic驚慌；B.loneliness孤獨(dú)；C.freedom

自由；D.joy快樂。句意：雖然瑪麗的女兒偶爾會去看望她，但疫情讓這位老婦人感到孤獨(dú)。根據(jù)上文"Although

Mary's

daughter

visits

her（3），"中的Although和下文"the

elderly

woman（11）the

long

period

of

being

separated

from

others.可知這是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，雖然瑪麗的女兒偶爾會去看望她，但是由于疫情不能出門，長久與他人分隔，自己一個(gè)人還是感到孤獨(dú)的。故選B。

（5）D.考查名詞及語境理解。A

custom風(fēng)俗；B.agreement同意；C.interest興趣；D.friendship友誼。句意：令人驚訝的是，瑪麗與她的鄰居，我兩歲的兒子本杰明?奧爾森建立了一種特殊的友誼。根據(jù)下文"And

when

Benjamin

sees

Mary,he

sees

a

close

friend"（當(dāng)本杰明看到瑪麗時(shí)，他看到的是一個(gè)親密的朋友）可知，瑪麗和本杰明之間是朋友關(guān)系。故選D。

（6）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.visits拜訪；B.checks檢查；C.watches

看；D.passes經(jīng)過。句意：瑪麗通過籬笆看著本杰明學(xué)會走路、說話，最后跑和玩。根據(jù)上文語境和下文的"when

Benjamin

sees

Mary,he

sees

a

close

friend,and（8）her

"Mimi.Mary

will

also

call

out.

'Hey

Benjamin!'

when

she

sees

him"可知，疫情封鎖期間，人們被迫呆在自己家里，可得出瑪麗并未越過籬笆和本杰明直接接觸，她應(yīng)該是通過第笆看著本杰明成長。故選C。

（7）B.考查副詞及語境理解。A.actually事實(shí)上；B.eventually最終；C.reguarly有規(guī)律地；D.suddenly突然。句意：瑪麗通過籬笆看著本杰明學(xué)會走路、說話，最后跑和玩。根據(jù)上文"Benjamin

learns

to

walk,talk"和下文"run

and

play"可知，瑪麗通過籬笆見證了本杰明的成長，本杰明從學(xué)會走路、說話，到最后跑和玩。故選B。

（8）A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.calls叫；B.assures使確信；C.makes做；D.regards認(rèn)為。句意：當(dāng)本杰明看到瑪麗時(shí)，他看到的是一個(gè)親密的朋友，稱呼她為"咪咪"。根據(jù)下文"her"Mimi"和"Mary

will

also

call

out.

'Hey

Benjamin!'

when

she

sees

him."（"嘿，本杰明"當(dāng)她看見他的時(shí)候，瑪麗也會喊出來。）可知，"咪咪"是稱呼，他喊瑪麗咪咪，瑪麗喊他本杰明。故選A。

（9）A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.warm溫暖的；B.cold寒冷的；C.bitter苦的；D.strange奇怪的。句意：看到這溫暖的一幕真是太開心了。根據(jù)上文"And

when

Benjamin

sees

Mary,he

sees

a

close

friend"（當(dāng)本杰明看到瑪麗時(shí)，他看到的是—個(gè)親密的朋友）可知瑪麗和本杰明的關(guān)系是非常好的，所以這兩個(gè)人見面的場景應(yīng)該是很溫暖的。故選A。

（10）D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.doubt懷疑；B.advise建議；C.predict預(yù)測；D.believe相信。句意：我和瑪麗的女兒都相信這段關(guān)系有獨(dú)特的作用，使這位老婦人在與他人長期分離的過程中艱難度過了下來。根據(jù)下文"Mary

and

Benjamin's

friendship

continues

to

grow

on"可知，他們兩個(gè)人的友誼還在繼續(xù)，所以我和瑪麗的女兒是相信這段友誼的。故選D。

（11）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.resisting抵抗；B.defending防衛(wèi)；C.surviving艱難度過；D

involving涉及。句意：我和瑪麗的女兒都相信這段關(guān)系有獨(dú)特的作用，使這位老婦人在與他人長期分離的過程中艱難度過了下來。根據(jù)上文第二段第二句"Although

Mary's

daughter

visits

her

now

and

then.the

pandemic

leaves

the

old

lady

in

loneliness."可知，瑪麗獨(dú)自一人居住，特別孤單，是本杰明和她之間的友誼讓她在孤單的日子里有了快樂，度過了難關(guān)。故選C。

（12）A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.fence籬笆；B.family家庭；C.society社會；D.road馬路。句意：隨著疫情限制的解除，瑪麗和本杰明的友誼繼續(xù)在雙方的籬笆中成長，只是現(xiàn)在，大門可以打開。根據(jù)文章第一段"some

find

good

fences

can

also

make

good

friends."通過詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)可知是籬笆。故選A。

（13）C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.replaces代替；B.sends發(fā)送；C.joins聯(lián)合；D.inspires鼓舞。句意：本杰明和瑪麗一起在她的臺階上玩游戲，吹泡泡，享受給他們帶來快樂的活動—個(gè)年輕，另一個(gè)年輕的心。根據(jù)下文"the

pair"可知，是兩個(gè)人在玩耍，本杰明聯(lián)合瑪麗一起玩。故選C。

（14）B.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.old老的；B.young

年輕的；C.close親密的；D.far遠(yuǎn)的。句意：本杰明和瑪麗一起在她的臺階上玩游戲，吹泡泡，享受給他們帶來快樂的活動—個(gè)年輕，另一個(gè)年輕的心。根據(jù)上文"Mary

and

Benjamin's

friendship

continues

to

grow

on

"和"99-year-old

Mary

O'Neill."my

son-Benjamin

Olsen,aged

two."可知，瑪麗99歲，本杰明2歲，他們是朋友，所以瑪麗是是有一顆年輕的心。故選B。

（15）D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.confident自信的；B.regretful后悔的；C.disappointed沮喪的；D.moved感動的。句意：我們很感動他們能夠形成這一局面，無論是否有疫情，因?yàn)檫@對雙方都意義重大。根據(jù)下文"because

it

means

a

lot

to

both

sides."可知，這段老少友誼對于雙方都意味著很多，所以它們之間的友是非常讓人感動的。故選D。

這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過描寫疫情期間人們被迫待在家里，自己2歲的兒子和99歲的鄰居瑪麗成為朋友的故事，了解到友誼可以有很多不同的方式。友誼對于雙方意義都很大。

近幾年高考試題中的完形填空有新的變化，試題所涉及的知識面不斷拓寬，綜合難度不斷提高。做完形填空首先要通讀全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有許多空格，所以，必須先通讀一至兩遍，才能大概了解文章的內(nèi)容。千萬不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。選擇答案時(shí)，要考慮整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，包括搭配、時(shí)態(tài)、語法等。答案全填完后，再通讀一遍文章，檢查是否通順流暢，用詞得當(dāng)，意思正確。

36.【答案】(1)topass

(2)a

(3)slowly

(4)at

(5)learning

(6)curious

(7)their

(8)skills

(9)has

(10)where【解析】(1)句意：近日，來自浙江的65歲老嫗趙文英成為世界上通過魔方專業(yè)B級考試年齡最大的人。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式