2020年江蘇中考英語閱讀類題型專題02閱讀理解專項突破-2020年江蘇中考英語閱讀類題型專項突破（解析版）

閱讀理解專項突破

閱讀理解常見題型及解題技巧

細節(jié)題

?知識點：細節(jié)理解題的基本要求和特點

初中英語閱讀理解最基本的要求是“能從一般性文章中獲取和處理主要信息對這種“獲取和處理主要

信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是細節(jié)判斷。這類題在閱讀理解題中占據(jù)半壁江山，做好這類題是確

?；A(chǔ)分的關(guān)鍵。同時，弄清細節(jié)，正確獲取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特別重視做好這

類題。

細節(jié)題就是指那些針對文章細節(jié)描寫或與文章情節(jié)發(fā)展相關(guān)的事實所設(shè)置的問題。這類題主要測試考

生獲取信息及對文章所提供信息的理解能力。

?知識點：設(shè)題方式

1)此類題型多數(shù)以特殊疑問詞設(shè)問，設(shè)問的檢測點針對某一具體行為、地點、時間、原因、方式、數(shù)量等。

細節(jié)題是用來進一步表達主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細節(jié)來設(shè)題。做此類題時，應(yīng)快速捕

捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等，閱讀時要有針對性。此類考查事實和細節(jié)的題目大多數(shù)是針對文章的

細節(jié)設(shè)計的。

2)常見的命題方式

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

3.Whatistheexampleof...asdescribedinthepassage?

4.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept...

5.Thereasonfor...is...

6.Theauthorstatesthat...

7.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...?

8.Whichofthefollowingisright?

9.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

lO.Choosetherightorderofthispassage.

11.Fromthispassageweknow.

詞義猜測題

知識點：詞義猜測的基本要求和特點

所謂詞義猜測是指在閱讀過程中根據(jù)對語篇的信息、邏輯、背景知識及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測或推

斷某一生詞、難詞、關(guān)鍵詞甚至短語或句子的意義。詞義猜測題在中考中一般考一至兩道，要求學(xué)生在掌

握一定的詞匯量的基礎(chǔ)上，能獨立閱讀部分生詞，理解生詞的含義?？疾鞂W(xué)生通過上下文提供的線索或生

詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點對詞義作出正確判斷的能力。

?知識點：常見的命題方式

1.Whatdoestheword""in.….mean?

2.Itcanbeinferred（推斷，推論）/concluded（推斷）（fromthepassage）thattheword""means.

3.Theword...implies（意味，暗示）that.

4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestmeaningoftheword?

5.whatdoyouthinkoftheexpressionstandsfor?

6.Theword""inthepassageprobablymeans.

7.Inthisstorytheunderlinedword"_"means.

?例題

例1.根據(jù)釋義猜測

Thesmall-worldtheorysaysthateveryoneintheworldisconnectedthroughashortchain（鏈條）ofpeople

theyknow.Anothernameofthischainisdegreesofseparation.Eachdegreeisastepthatseparatesapersonfrom

someoneheorshedoesnotknow.Therearezerodegreesofseparationbetweenapersonandthepeopleheorshe

knowsdirectly.ThismeansthattherearezerodegreesbetweenBenandhismom.

Whatisthemeaningof“degreesofseparation^^inParagraph2?

A.Thechaintoconnectpeople

B.Therelationsbetweenpeople

C.Thestepsofknowingstrangers

D.Theseparationbetweenstrangers.

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)anothernameofthischainisdegreesofseparation可知這是一個chain,再根據(jù)后面的解釋可知

選項A正確

例2.根據(jù)同義詞和反義詞猜測

Itnotonlyspawnedover104,000activediscussions,butalsobroughtaboutcareaboutwhatmeansahealthy

bodyimage.

TheunderlinedwordspawnedinParagraph4probablymeans.

A.ledtoB.putoutC.talkedaboutD.lookedinto

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)此句的結(jié)構(gòu)notonly...butalso可知spawned與broughtabout同義，bringabout意為"帶來”,

可推知A選項ledto"導(dǎo)致”正確

例3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測

Somestudentswhostealessays（論文）wholesalefromtheWeb,theysaid,aresolazytheydon'tevenbother

totaketheadvertisementsoffthecut-and-pastedtext.

Theunderlinedword"wholesale"inthe2ndparagraphpossiblymeans.

A.forsaleinlargequantities

B.completelycopyingothers,work

C.inunlimitedamounts

D.intoolargenumbersfromcuttingandpasting

【答案】：B

【解析】wholesale中的whole意為“整個”，可以推知此句是完全剽竊的意思。

主旨大意題

?知識點：主旨大意類題目的特點

主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主題。主旨題主要是考查考生能否分辨主題和細節(jié)、是否具

備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上運用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯方法對文章進行高

度概括和總結(jié)。這類題大約占總題量的30%。主旨題一般會放在第一個或者最后一個考。

這類題要求閱讀時不但要看懂個別的句子，而且要能夠根據(jù)作者思路的展開，把握作者在整片文章中

的觀點，因此必須看懂全篇文章的意思。做此類題時，應(yīng)通讀全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主題句的意

義。

?知識點：常見設(shè)題方式:

1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

3.Thebesttitleofthispassageis...

4.1nthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat.

?知識點：解題技巧

1.整體思路

（1）仔細閱讀全文，判斷發(fā)現(xiàn)主題句

文章的主題句有的文章有而有的卻沒有，這就需要學(xué)生認真地閱讀文章，仔細判斷（如果有，它經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)

在文章的開始和結(jié)尾處，但也不能排除出現(xiàn)在文章中間的可能）。另外，不要被表象所迷惑。有的文章列舉

一個或幾個人們比較熟悉的事例或是用一些具體的事例來說明一個人們不熟悉或是抽象的內(nèi)容，這時要看

清的是文章的本質(zhì)而不是表面現(xiàn)象。

（2）對文章進行分析、歸納和概括并得出正確結(jié)論

這種情況下大多文章中是找不到主題句的，要求學(xué)生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上自己進行總結(jié)。對全文的概括要

完整，不能以點帶面，以偏概全。在具體的答題過程中學(xué)生會發(fā)現(xiàn)有個別選項是對的，但它對文章的概括

不是很完整，這也不是我們所要的最佳答案。

另外，選擇“最佳標題''的題目也是屬于文章的主旨，但是標題不僅要能完整地概括全文，還要簡潔明了，并

能吸引讀者，這也是學(xué)生在選擇最佳標題時應(yīng)把握的一條原則。

2.主題句定位法

即通過分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出每一小段的主題句，然后通過尋找共同點，找出整個文章的主題句。

主題呈現(xiàn)的方式有：

說明文議論文記敘文

在開頭4（較常見）qT

在結(jié)尾立較少見）7T

在中間qT

中心貫穿全文4（較常見）

?例題

例1.開門見山式：主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。

Ifyouplantotakeyourpetonatrip,prepareaheadoftime.Atleasttwoweeksbeforeyouleave,takeyourpet

toavet.Seeifheorsheistitfortravelandaskifheorsheshouldhaveanymedicinebeforeleaving.Thevetmay

suggestcertainpillsforsicknessorforcalmingthepet.

Themainideaofthispassageisto.

A.warnpeopletoleavetheirpetsathome

B.givegeneralinformationaboutpettravel

C.tellpeoplehowtochoosetheirpetboxes

D.tellpeopleaboutforeignpetlaws

【答案】：B

【解析】：根據(jù)文章首句Ifyouplantotakeyourpetonatrip:prepareaheadoftime可知本題答案為B項。

例2.藏頭露尾式：主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾

Thepracticalmeaningofthissurveyresultcouldbethatdoingonekindactwouldmakeyouhappier,andthe

happieryoufeel,themorelikelyyouaretodoanotherkindact.Thismightalsobeusedbycharitable（慈善的）

organizations;remindinghonorsofearlierdonationscouldmakethemhappy,andexperiencinghappinessmight

leadthemtomakemoregenerousgifts.

Whatisthegeneraltopicofthepassage?

A.Adviceonhowtobehappy.

B.Theimportanceofbeinggenerous.

C.Donatingthingsmakespeoplehappy.

D.Beingkindmakesyouhappy.

【答案】：D

【解析】：根據(jù)文段末句remindinghonorsofearlierdonationscouldmakethemhappy,andexperiencing

happinessmightleadthemtomakemoregenerousgifts可知本題答案為D項。

例3.尾呼應(yīng)式

在有些文章中，為了突出主題，作者在文章開頭提出主題，接著進行闡述或論證，在結(jié)尾時再次點出主題。

值得注意的是，前后兩個主題句不是簡單的重復(fù)，再次出現(xiàn)的主題句往往是前面主題句的進一步引申或發(fā)

展。

Thenumberofrural（鄉(xiāng)村的）left-behindchildrenunder17yearsoldhasincreasedto61.02million,according

toareport.Thesechildren'sparentsleavethemwiththeirgrandparentsorotherfamilymembersinordertomake

moneyincities.

Thesechildrenarethefutureofthenation.Peopleshouldofferthemtheirlove,careandprotection.

Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

A.Seriousfactsaboutruralchildren

B.Achoiceofchildrenormoney

C.Morecaretoruralleft-behindchildren

D.Areportonparents9worryaboutruralleft-behindchildren

【答案】：C

【解析】：根據(jù)文章首句Thenumberofrural（鄉(xiāng)村的）left-behmdchildrenunder17yearsoldhasincreasedto

61.02million和末句Peopleshouldofferthemtheirlove:careandprotection可知本題答案選擇C項。

例4.藏龍臥虎式

即主題句隱含在全文當中，沒有明確的主題句。具體方法是：首先弄清楚各個段落講了哪幾個方面的內(nèi)容，

這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，尋找共同點，然后加以歸納形成主題。

Inthespringof1926,YanQingbao,a43-year-oldfarmer,discoveredacircularpieceofjade（玉）while

diggingahole.Drivenbycuriosity,hedugdeeperandfoundagroupofabout400colorfuljadepieces.

Atthetime,hehadnoideathathisdiscoverywouldbeasimportantasotherwondersoftheworldsuchas

China'sGreatWallandEgypt'spyramids.Sincethenmorethan10000relics,.........

Themainideaofthepassageis___.

A.ShanxingduiwasnamedtheScientificEducationBaseforChina'sYouth

B.Shanxingduiwasoncethepolitical,economicandculturalcenteroftheancientShuKingdom

C.theimportanceofthediscoveryofShanxingdui

D.ithashelpedmodernhistoriansrealizethatShichuan'shumanhistorygoesbackmorethan5000years

【答案】：C

【解析】：根據(jù)文章第二段第一句hehadnoideathathisdiscoverywouldbeasimportantasotherwondersofthe

worldsuchasChina'sGreatWallandEgvptspyramids可知本題答案為C項。

推理判斷類閱讀

知識點：推理判斷題的特點

推斷題就是根據(jù)某個事實推斷結(jié)論，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。

這類推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。

?知識點：推理判斷題的解題思路

做推斷題時，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語句，對與事實有關(guān)的細節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思,

反復(fù)比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。要求在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，以文章提供的事實為依據(jù)，將已表

述的和隱含的信息結(jié)合起來進行思考、分析，透徹理解全文，以領(lǐng)會作者的真正意圖，從而做出正確的推

理和判斷，切不可憑空想象，主觀臆斷。

?知識點：推理判斷題的常見設(shè)問方式

1.Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat.

2.Itcanbeinferred/concluded（fromthepassage）that.

3.Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat.

4.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappen（to...）attheendofthestory?/next?

5.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.

6.Fromthestorywecanguess

7.Here“it”means.

8.Theunderlinedword"it"inthepassagerefersto.

9.Thepassageisprobablyfrom

?例題

例1.判斷文章出處

EverylivingthingOnEarthiseitheraplantorananimal,right?Wrong!Manyorganisms（有機體）inOur

worldareneither........

Whatarethese?Theyarecalled,fungi（菌類）,andyouseethemalmosteveryday.Manykindsoffungiseem

disgusting,suchasthegreenblackthingsthatappearonthefoodwhicharelefttoolongintherefrigerator.But

otherkindsarenotsobad.Forexample,theyeastthatisusedtomakebreadandmushrooms（蘑菇）arebothfungi.

Wherecanyoumostprobablyfindthispassage?

A.Inasocialreport.B.Inabiologybook.

C.Inageographymagazine.D.Inafarmingbook.

【答案】：B

【解析】：根據(jù)文章第一段第二句Manyorganisms［有機體）inOurworldareneither可知本篇文章應(yīng)該選自

生物書，故本題答案選擇B項。

例2.與文章細節(jié)相關(guān)的推斷

Oneuserofthesite,JosephMeehan,27,fromBirmingham,said,"It'safunandexcitingwebsite.Ivisitevery

onceinawhilewhenI'mmissingmyfriendsorfamily.Ithinkitcouldreallybeahelptopeoplethatarefeeling

downorsad.Itmayevenstopthemfromdoingsomethingstupid.Youcanalsopostyourvideotothewebsite,and

theyaddittotheseries.It'sveryeasytosharethelove.”

Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.JeffLamisworkingonanewprojecttocollectmoreaudiodiaries.

B.JeffLammetalotofdifficultiesduringthetimeofcreatingthewebsite.

C.JosephMeehanhasgothelpfromthewebsiteandsupportsit.

D.JosephMeehanhassharedhisownpositivevideoswithstrangers.

【答案】：C

【解析】：根據(jù)文章第二行Ithinkitcouldreallybeahelptopeoplethatarefeelingdownorsad可知本題答案

為C項。

例3.指代推斷：

IwentontohaveanamazingyearstudyinginEngland,butthatwasthelasttimeIsaworspoketoanyofmy

uncle'sfamily.YetwhenIthinkaboutthatterriblelossin2008,1rememberthosestrangers'hands.Theywerethere

whenIneededthem,andevennow,theyhelpmeoutofthesadnessofthatmemory.IthinkofthemasIridethe

undergroundinWashingtonD.C.today,andIwatchthecitizensandtouriststoofferhandsatanytime.

Inthelastparagraph,theunderlinedwords"thatterribleloss"probablymean.

A.IwascryingwhenItooktheundergroundinLondon

B.Ileftmyuncle'sfamilyandhaven'tcontactedthemsincethen

C.Ididn'tsaythankyoutothosewhogavehandstome

D.IlostmygoodmoodandfeltsadwhenIleftmyuncle'sfamily

【答案】：B

【解析】：根據(jù)上文butthatwasthelasttimeIsaworspoketoanyofmyuncle'sfamily提示可知本題【答案】

選擇B項。

近三年九年級上期末閱讀理解匯編

年份/區(qū)域主題文章類型

2017-2018A招聘廣告廣告

玄武

BTVseries說明文

CFamilyfights議論文

D熄燈或者戴著眼罩時用餐可以減肥科技說明文

2017-2018A分類廣告廣告

鼓樓BShanghaiDISNEY'，themepark說明文

CJimandI記敘文

DMessageemoji議論文

2016-2017AMetroLines應(yīng)用文

玄武BPlay(WhiteandChandler)劇本

CMonarchbutterfly科技說明文

DAntarctica科技說明文

2016-2017ATextbooks應(yīng)用文

鼓樓BAjackalandalion故事

CThefunctionoftheAPP應(yīng)用文

2015-2016ALittleTom記敘文

玄武BTipstoreducetheharmwhenthecrushhappens應(yīng)用文

CAyoungcouplevisited18countries議論文

2015-2016AChineseTVdramas介紹

鼓樓BTheimportanceofsleep議論文

CHowtohaveabettercommunication應(yīng)用文

DAreyoureadyforanotherchild?議論文

[2017-2018學(xué)年南京市玄武區(qū)九年級上學(xué)期期末】

A

StudentVolunteersNeeded!

OnMonday,February12th,from10A.M.until4P.M.,CarvertonMiddleSchool

willbeholdingamusicalfestivalintheschoolgymnasium.Thespecialeventwill

featureavarietyofprofessionalmusiciansandsingers.

TaskTimeDate

Makeposters1P.MTP.M.February5由

Setupthegym11A.M.-4P.MFebruary11th

Helpperformers9A.M.--4P.MFebruary12th

Welcomeguests10A.M.-2P.MFebruary12th

Cleanupthegym4P.M.—7P.M.February12th

InterestedstudentsshouldspeakwithMs.Braxton,themusicteacher.Studentswho

wouldliketohelpatthefestivalmusthavewrittenpermissionfromaparentora

guardian.

26.Whattimewillthefestivalbegin?

A.10.A.M.B.11A.M.C.1P.M.D.2P.M.

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword'矣ature"meaninLine2?

A.LookB.KeepC.IncludeD.Entertain

28.Whatjobwillbedonethebeforethefestivalbegins?

A.MakingpostersB.Settingupthegym

C.CleaningupthegymD.Helpingperformers

【答案】ACB

【解析】

26.根據(jù)文章第一段OnMonday：February12th：from10A.M.until4P.、1可知本題答案為A項。

27.根據(jù)上下文推測可知本題答案為C項。

28.根據(jù)表格Setupthegyn1t11A.M.-4P.XLFebruary11”可知本題選擇B項。

B

AnewTVseriesinEngland,Awayfromitall,hassurprisedeveryonebybecomingahugesuccesswithyoung

peopleacrossthecountry.Itssuccessissurprisingbecausetheseriesisabouttherelaxinglifestylesofpeoplewho

liveinthecountry.ThereisnoneoftheactionthatweusuallyseeonTVtoday.Therearealsonostressfulmoments,

busyofficesorcrowdedcities.AwayfromitallissetinthepeacefulEnglishcountrysideandtellssimplestories

aboutpeople'skindness.

ThedirectoroftheTVseriessaysthatitssuccessisasignofteenagerssufferingfromstress.Theysaythat

watchingAwayfromitallhelpsteenagersforgetaboutthepressures（壓力）ofexamsandhomework,andthe

troublesthatfilltheworldtoday.Theyalsosaythatit'sagoodsignoftoday*syoungpeopleswitchingto（轉(zhuǎn)至U）

happierTVseriesasitshowstheywouldlikeahappierandhealthierworld.

Althoughtheseries'successmighthaveagoodside,manyteachersandparentsareworried,however.They

saythatsomeoftheirstudentsandchildrenarebecomingcouchpotatoes（終日泡在電視機前的人）andareusing

Awayfromitallasanexcusefornotcompletinghomework.Somechildrenhaveevenrefusedtolearnforexams

becausetheysaythattheycanonlyachievepersonalhappinessbyavoiding（避免）stressfulsituationscompletely.

Andwhatdotheexperts（專家）say?PaulaRay,adoctorofeducation,saysthatTVcaninfluencechildren's

lifestyles.Butshesaysthatifachildreactsstrongly,it'slikelythatthereareotherreasonsforhischangein

behaviour.ShesaysthatthereisnothingwrongwithwatchingAwayfromitallbutsuggeststhatparentsshould

makesuretheirchildrenknowTVisnotthesameasreallife.

29.ThesuccessofthenewTVseriesissurprisingbecause.

A.itisaboutlifeinbusyoffices

B.itisabouttheEnglishcountryside

C.itisthesameasothersuccessfulTVseries

D.itisdifferentfromothersuccessfulTVseries

30.Thesuccessoftheseriesshowsthatyoungpeoplewouldlike.

A.relaxingjobs

B.EnglishTVseries

C.aworldwithnohomework

D.ahappierandhealthierworld

31.ThedirectorofAwayfromitallbelievethattheserieshelpsyoungpeopledealwith.

A.examsB.stressC.couchpotatoesD.simplestories

32.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAwayfromitallisTURE?

A.ThereissomeactionwecanseeonTVtoday.

B.TheTVseriesAwayfromitallisaboutbusyoffices.

C.Manyparentsareworriedthatitwillinfluencechildren'sstudy.

D.ParentsaresurethattheirchildrenknowTVisdifferentfromreallife.

【答案】DDBC

【解析】

29.D細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)Itssuccessissurprisingbecausetheseriesisabouttherelaxinglifestylesofpeoplewho

liveinthecountn*ThereisnoneoftheactionthatweusuallyseeonTVtoday.>描述,可知這部電視劇不同其

它電視劇，所以D選項是正確的。

30.D.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段Theyalsosaythatit'sagoodsignoftoday'syoungpeopleswitchingto（轉(zhuǎn)到）

happierTVseriesasitshowstheywouldlikeahappierandhealthierworld.描述，可知他們還說，今天的年輕人

把愛好轉(zhuǎn)向到了快樂的電視劇，因為這顯示了他們想要一個快樂和健康的世界.所以D選項是正確的.

31.B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段ThedirectoroftheTVseriessaysthatitssuccessisasignofteenagerssuffering

fromstress.描述，可知這部電視劇的導(dǎo)演說，它的成功是一個青少年遠離壓力的標志.所以B選項是正確

的.

32.C.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段Althoughtheseries^uccessmighthaveagoodside,manyteachersandparents

arewoiTied,描述，可知雖然這部成功的電視劇可能有好的一面，可是許多老師和父母還是很擔(dān)心.所以C

選項是正確的

解析

本文主要介紹了在英國播出的一部新電視劇”AwayfromilAll”，成為了所有年輕人的追捧.這使它獲得了巨

大的成功.它是關(guān)于鄉(xiāng)下的輕松生活方式的一部電視劇.調(diào)查顯示，這部電視劇可以幫助青少年緩解讀書的

壓力以及生活中令人頭疼的麻煩事，從而體現(xiàn)他們想要擁有一個快樂和健康的世界.但是，許多老師和學(xué)生

家長擔(dān)心學(xué)生會脫離現(xiàn)實，因為他們只能通過看電視這個方法來使自己更快樂些.應(yīng)該告訴孩子們電視中的

情景和現(xiàn)實生活是不一樣的，不能沉溺與電視之中.

C

Familyfightsareneverpleasant.Whetheryouaredealingwithaloudsisterorastubborn（固執(zhí)的）momor

dad,thesituationcanbebad.

Whatifitcouldbedifferent?Whatiffamilyfightsandconflicts（沖突）couldbeturnedintochancesto

becomecloser?Whatifproblemscouldbesolvedwitheveryonewalkingawayfeelingmoredeeplycaredforand

loved?

Familyfightingis,ononelevel,aboutpower.Someoneistellingsomeoneelsewhattodo.Inashortmoment,

badfeelingscanbebroughtoutandthefightison.Youcangodownthatoldroadoryoucantrysomething

different.

Inanyfight,youhaveaneedtobelistenedtoandunderstood.Peopleraisetheirvoicesandshoutateachother

becausethey'renotbeinglistenedto.Youwantyourmomordadtolistenandunderstand.Youwantyourbrotheror

sistertolistenandcare.Butyoualwaysseemtoforgetthatthepersonyou'refightingwithhasthesameneedtobe

listenedto.Soifyoucanputasideyourneedforafewminutes,thesituationwillchangequickly.Givetheother

personsometimetoexpresshisorherfeelings,andyou'llhaveyourturntobelistenedto.

Andwhileyouarelistening,youhavetolistenfortherightinformation.Thebestwaytodothisin

emotional（情緒激動的）situationsistopaynoattentiontomostofthewordsbecausemanypeoplecan'texpress

whattheyarefeelingwiththewordsalone,especiallywhentheyarenotcalm.

Butifthesituationstartstogetoutofhand,itwouldbewisetojustcalmdownandleavetheproblemuntil

laterbecausemanyfightshappenatthewrongtime.Thesituationwilldiedownquickly,usuallyinlessthan30

seconds.Youcaneithermoveontoproblemsolvingorreachanagreementtoworkonitatabettertime.

Thisway,everyonewillfeelrespectedandlistenedto,evenwhenthereisconflict.Feelingswillbeunderstood

andrespected,anditwillbringyourfamilyclosertogether.

33.Fromthefirst3paragraphs,thewriterwantstotellusthat.

A.peoplehadbetteravoidfamilyfights

B.familymembersfighttocontroleachother

C.familyfightscanbeturnedintosomethinggood

D.whenrelativesfight,ifsworseastheyknoweachother'sweakness

34.Thewriterthinksthatinanyfight,youhaveaneed.

A.toshoutatothers

B.todealwithaloudsister

C.togodownthatoldway

D.tobelistenedtoandunderstood

35.Whenthesituationgetsoutofcontrol,it'sbestto.

A.workonawrittenagreementfirstB.moveontoproblemsolving

C.lettheotherpersonexpresstheirfeelingsD.waitforasuitablemomenttospeak

36.Themainpurposeofthisarticleisto.

A.giveadviceondealingwithfamilyconflicts.

B.teachreadershowtolisteninfamilyfights

C.tellreadersthatfamilyfightsarenotthatbad

D.remindreaderstoshowrespectinfamilyfights

【答案】CDDA

【解析】

1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Whatifitcouldbedifferent?第三段最后一句Youcangodownthatold

roadoryoucantrysomethingdifferent可知，爭斗是可以被改變的，你可以接受爭斗也可以做一些積極的改

變來避免爭斗。故C項正確。

2.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句Inanyfight：youhaveaneedt。belistenedt。andunderstood.和第四段最

后兩句Soifyoucanputasideyourneedforafewminutes,thesituationwillchangequickly.Givetheother

personsometimetoexpresshisorherfeelings,andyouwillearnyourturntobelistenedto.可知，你需要學(xué)會聆

聽，并且在滿足一定需要的情況下也要讓自己被聆聽。故正確答案為Do

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第六段第-句Butifthesituationstartstogetoutofhand,itwouldbewisetojustcalm

downandleavetheproblemuntillaterbecausemanyfightshappenatthewrongtime.可知，當爭吵難以控制時，

最好等到冷靜下來，找到合適的時間再說。

故正確答案為D。

4.主旨題。根據(jù)文章最后一段全段Thisway,everyonewillfeelrespectedandlistenedto,evenwhenthereis

conflict.Emotionswillbeunderstoodandrespected,anditwillbringyourfamilyclosertogether.可知，作者在這

篇文章中提出了一些解決和避免爭吵的方法，因此，這篇文章的主要目的就是針對家庭爭斗提供一些建議

和意見，從而緩和家庭矛盾。

故正確答案為A。

D

Turningthelightsoutorwearingablindfoldwhileeatingcouldbeaquickwaytoloseweight,accordingto

scientists.Thesimpletrickworksbecauseitstopsdinerseatingforpleasureratherthanforcalories.Italsotriggers

（弓I發(fā)）apartofthebrainthatisworriedthatunseenfoodmaygobad.

AnexperimentbytheUniversityofKonstanz,inGermany,foundthatpeoplewhowereblindfoldedconsumed

ninepercentfewercaloriesbeforetheyfeltfull,comparedtothosewhocouldsee.Theyalsovastlyoverestimated

howmuchtheyhadeatenbecausetheycouldnotseehowmuchwasleftontheplate.Blindfoldedvolunteers

estimated（估計）theyhadeaten88percentmorethantheyactuallyhad.

Scientistsbelievethatnotseeingfoodonthetablealsoallowsthebodytoknowwhenitisfullinrealtime

ratherthanrememberingpastexperienceswhereitmighthavetakenafullplatetofeelfull.

Intheexperiment,50peoplewereblindfoldedand40wereallowedtoseetheirfood.Allweretoldnottoeat

withintwohoursoftheexperiment.Theywerethengiventhree95gbowlsofchocolateicecreamandinvitedtoeat

for15minutes.Theirbowlsweretakenawayandtheremainingice-creamweighed,whiletheparticipantswere

quizzedonhowmuchtheythoughttheyhadeaten.

Onaveragethegroupwhocouldseeate116gwhiletheblindfoldedgroupsate105g.However,theblindfolded

groupbelievedtheyhadeaten197gwhilecomparedwith159gforthenon-blindvolunteers.Theywerealsoasked

howpleasanttheice-creamtastedandtheblindfoldedgroupratedlowerthanthosewhocouldsee.

"Theexperiencedpleasureofeatingwassignificantlylowerintheblindfoldedgroup.Notseeingthefood

mighthavedecreasedtheappetite.Sightplaysanimportantroleintheeatingexperienceandintheoveralldining

experience."

Previousstudieshaveshownthatthevisualinfluenceoffoodplaysalargepartinthetaste.Whilerestaurants

thatallowdinerstoeatinthedarkstatethatittriggersothersenses,infacteatingindarknessislikelytotastefar

milderthanusual.

37.Withthelightsout,dinerseatlesspartlybecause.

A.theywanttoquicklyfinishtheirmeals

B.theytrusttheirfeelingsmorethanever

C.theyworryaboutthequalityofthefood

D.theypaymoreattentiontofunthanthecalories

38.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheblindfoldedgroup.

A.likedtoeatchocolateicecream

B.thoughtthefoodtastedbetterthanusual

C.believedtheyatemorethantheyreallydid

D.spentamuchlongertimeeatingthesamefood

39.Thelasttwoparagraphstellusthat.

A.restaurantsprefertheirdinerstoeatinthedark

B.dinersarelikelytolosetheirappetiteeatingindarkness

C.sensesratherthansightplayanimportantroleinthetaste

D.resultsofthisexperimentdifferfromthepreviousstudies

40.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.tellthereadersoftheresultofanexperiment

B.advisethereaderstoloseweightinanewway.

C.providesomeinformationabouthealthyeating

D.offerpeoplereasonsforpeopletoeatinthedarkareas

【答案】CCBA

【解析】

37.C.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段以及第六段"Notseeingthefoodmighthavedecreasedtheappetite"可知燈熄

了，就餐者少吃部分因為他們擔(dān)心食品的質(zhì)量；所以C選項是正確的.

38.C.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段Theyalsovastlyoverestimatedhowmuchtheyhadeatenbecausetheycouldnot

seehowmuchwasleftontheplate以及實蛉過程可以知道戴眼罩的志愿者們相信他們比實際上吃得更多；所

以C選項是正確的.

39.B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后兩段Whilerestaurantsthatallowdinerstoeatinthedarkstatethatittriggersother

senses,infacteatingindarknessislikelytotastefarmilderthanusual可知用餐者在黑暗中用餐會減少他們的食

欲；所以B選項是正確的.

40.A.推理判斷題.通讀全文，本篇文章的主要目的是作者根據(jù)實驗的過程告知讀者實驗結(jié)果.所以A選項

是正確的.

解析

本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了科學(xué)家通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們在熄燈或者戴著眼罩

時用餐可以減肥.

[2017-2018學(xué)年南京市鼓樓區(qū)九年級上學(xué)期期末】

A

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