2015年職稱英語理工類2014考前一周出

掃一掃，或添號xinsiwei_edu課 Scientistscan’tyetmakeaninvisibilitycloak1liketheonethatHarryPotter2uses.But，forthefirsttime，they’veconstructedasimplecloakingdevicethatmakesitselfandsomethingcedinsideitinvisibletomicrowaves.Whena “sees”anobject，hisorhereyesensesmanydifferentwavesofvisiblelightastheybounceofftheobject.Theeyeandbrainthenworktogethertoorganizethesesensationsandreconstructtheobject’soriginalshape.So，tomakeanobjectinvisible，scientistshavetokeepwavesfrombouncingoffit.Andtheyhavetomakesuretheobjectcastsnoshadow.Otherwise，theabsenceofreflectedlightononesidewouldgivetheobiectaway.Invisibilityisn’tpossibleyetwithwavesoflightthatthehumaneyecansee.Butitisnowpossiblewithmicrowaves.Likevisiblelight，microwavesareaformofradiantenergy.Theyarepartoftheelectromagneticwavelengthsofmicrowavesareshorterthanthoseofradiowavesbutlongerthanthoseofvisiblelight.Thescientists’new“invisibilitydevice”isthesizeofadrinkcoasterandshapedlikearing.Theringismadeofaspecialmaterialwithunusualability.Whenmicrowavesstrikethering，veryfewbounceoffit.Instead，theypassthroughthering，whichbendsthewavesallthewayarounduntiltheyreachtheoppositeside.Thewavesthenreturntotheiroriginalpaths.Toadetectorsetuptoreceivemicrowavesontheothersideofthering，itlooksasifthewavesneverchangedtheirpathsasiftherewerenoobjectintheway!So，theringiseffectivelyinvisible.Whentheresearchersputasmallcdpperloopinsidethering，it，too，isnearlyinvisible.However，thecloakingdeviceandanythinginsideitdocastapaleshadow.Andthedeviceworksonlyformicrowaves，notforvisiblelightoranykindofelectromagneticradiation.So，HarryPotter’sinvisibilitycloakdoesn’thaveanyrealcompetitionyet.invisibility/invizE5biliti/n.看不見，無形spectrum/5spektrEm/n.光譜cloak/klEuk/斗篷，披風(fēng)infrared/5infrE5red/adj.紅外線的microwave/5maikrEuweiv/n.微波ultravioletray紫外線reconstruct/5ri:kEn5strQkt/v.重建g ray伽馬射線radiant/5reidjEnt/adj.輻射的wavelength/5weivleNW/n.波長HarryPotterismentionedinthepassage，becausecannowmakeaninvisiblecloakofthesamekindashetrytomakeaninvisiblecloakofthesamekindashetrytoinventadeviceSimilarinideatotheinvisiblecloakheknowthatitispossibletomakeaninvisiblecloakofthesameWhatistrueofTheirwavelengthsareshorterthanthoseofvisibleTheirwavelengthsarelongerthanthoseofvisibleTheyaredifferentfromvisiblelightastheyareakindofradiantTheyarevisibletothehumanWhatisNOTtrueoftheinvisibilityItismadeofaspecialmaterialwithunusualMicrowavesbounceoffitwhentheystrikeMicrowavespassthroughitwhentheystrikeItbendsthemicrowavesallthewayarounduntiltheyreachtheoppositeWhatdoestheword“coaster”meanintheAdiskortecedunderadrinkingglasstoprotectatableAvesselengagedincoastalArollerAresidentofacoastalHarryPotter’sinvisibilitycloakdoesn’thaveanyrealcompetitionscientistshavenotfoundouthowhiscloakthecloakingdeviceisatotalthecloakingdeviceworksonlyforthecloakingdeviceworksonlyforvisibleC是正確選擇，也就是說，科學(xué)家發(fā)明的裝置和哈里波特的隱身衣僅僅在概念上相同，這同時說明B和D是錯誤的選擇。C的說法是錯誤的，不能選擇;根據(jù)該段第一句：withwavesoflightthatthehumaneyecansee和第三句：Likevisiblelight，可以得知D是錯誤的說法，也不能選擇。3.B第四段第三句說，當(dāng)微波到達(dá)裝置表面時，veryfewbounceoff。veryfew是幾乎沒有的意思，所以選擇B。其他選擇所述內(nèi)容都可以很容易在該段中找到。4.A第四段第一句告訴我們，科學(xué)家的這個裝置和一個杯墊差不多大小，所以A是正確選擇。coaster是一個多義詞，其他幾個選擇是該詞的其他意思，B：從事沿海貿(mào)易的船;C：過山車，摩天 onlyformicrowaves，notforvisiblelight，所以C是正確選擇。環(huán)輯這些光感并重建其原貌。所以，如果要讓一個物體，科學(xué)家們就必須光波反射。并且他是一種輻射能。他們是電磁波譜的一部分，其中也包括無線電波、紅外線光、紫外線、x射線和伽點(diǎn)。環(huán)形隱身器只能作用于微波，而不能作用于可見光及電磁波。因此，哈里，波特的斗Learninghowtoflytooknaturemillionsofyearsoftrialanderror1-butawingedrobothascracked2itinonlyafewhours,usingthesameevolutionaryprinciples.KristerWolffandPeterNordinofChalmersUniversityofTechnology(CUT)inGothenburg,Sweden,builtawingedrobotandsetabout3testingwhetheritcouldlearntoflybyitself,withoutanypre-programmeddataonwhatflapisorhowtodoit.Tobeginwith4,therobotjusttwitchedandjerkederratically.But,gradually,itmademovementsthatgainedheight.Atfirst,itcheated-simplystandingonitswingtipswasoneearlyshortcut5.Afterthreehours,however,therobotabandonedsuchmethodsinfavorof6amoreeffectiveflaptechniquewhereitrotateditswingsthrough90degreesandraisedthembeforetwistingthembacktothehorizontalpushing“Thislsusthatthiskindofevolutioniscapableof7comingup8withflyingmotion,”saysPeterBentley,whoworksonevolutionarycomputingatUniversityCollegeLondon.Butwhile9therobothadworkedouthowbesttoproducelift10,itwasnotabouttotakeoff.“There’sonlysomuchthatevolutioncando,”Bentleysays.“Thisthingisnevergoingtoflybecausethemotorswillneverhavethestrengthtodoit,”hesays.Therobothadmetre-longwingsmadefrombalsawoodandcoveredwithalightsticfilm.Smallmotorsontherobotletitmoveitswingsforwardsorbackwards.upordownortwistthemineitherTheteamattachedtherobottotwoverticalrods,soitcouldslideupanddown.Atthestartofatherobotwassuspendedbyanelasticband.Amovementdetectormeasuredhowmuchlift,ifany11,therobotproducedforanygivenmovement.Acomputerprogramfedtherobotrandominstructions12,attherateof1320persecond,totestitsflapabilities.Eachinstructiontoldtheroboteithertodonothingortomovethewingsslightlyinthevariousdirections.Feedbackfromthemovementdetectorlettheprogramworkoutwhichsetsofinstructionswerebestatproducinglift.Themostsuccessfuloneswerepairedup14and“offspring”setsofinstructions15weregeneratedbyswapinstructionsrandomlybetweensuccessfulpairs.Thesenext-generationinstructionswerethensenttotherobotandevaluatedbeforebreedinganewgeneration,andtheprocesswasrepeated.Learninghowtoflytooknaturemillionsofyearsoftrialanderror:crack:tobreakthrough(anobstacle)inordertowinacceptanceoracknowledgement:突破（Tobeginwith:shortcut:infavorof:原意為“贊成；支持”。這里，……therobotabandonedsuchmethodsinfavorofamoreeffectiveflaptechnique意為:……這個機(jī)器人放棄了這樣的方法，而去使用一種更為有效的扇動becapableof指物]有可能，可以comeup:tomanifestitselfarisefedtherobotrandominstructions:fedfeedattherateof:以……“offspring”setsofinstructions:指的是將成功的指令配對后的結(jié)果。offspring”本來是后代的意思，在此修飾setsofinstructions，所以加了雙引號。練習(xí)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofwhatismentionedaboutthewingedrobotinthesecondAThetwoprofessorsofCUTbuiltthewingedBThetwoprofessorsofCUTtestedwhetherthewingedrobotcouldlearntoCThetwoprofessorsofCUTprogrammedthedataonhowtherobotflappeditsDThetwoprofessorsofCUTtriedtofindoutiftherobotcouldflybyHowdidtherobotbehaveatthebeginningoftheAItrotateditswingsthrough90BIttwitchedbutgraduallygainedCItwastwitchedandbrokeDItlandednotlongaftertheWhichofthefollowingisnearesttoPeterBentley’sviewonthewingedrobot?AThewingedrobotcouldneverreallyfly.BThewingedrobotdidnothaveaCThewingedrobotshouldgothroughfurtherevolutionbeforeitcouldDTherobotcouldflyifitwereWhatmeasuredhowmuchlifttherobotBAmovementCAnelasticDBothBandWhatdoes“theprocess”appearinginthelastparagraphreferAPairingupsuccessfulinstBSendinginstructionstotheCGeneratingnewsetsofinstructionsforDAllthe答案與題解CA、B、DC是錯誤的，因為文中說，教授們測試機(jī)器人是否會自己APeterBentley對飛行機(jī)器人的看法。他認(rèn)為前文描述的進(jìn)化過程只能使機(jī)器人有D文章昀后一段具體描述在機(jī)器人的進(jìn)化過程中，指令的進(jìn)化過程。成功的指令配對后產(chǎn)生新一所以D是正確選項。90度角旋轉(zhuǎn)兩翼，并在它們做的只有這么多，”Bentley說，“這東西不可能自行起飛，因為發(fā)動機(jī)不能產(chǎn)生足夠動力?！睓C(jī)器人的Youngfemalechimpsarefasterandbetterlearnersthanyoungmalechimps,suggestsanewstudy,echoinglearningdifferencesseeninhumangirlsandboys.Whileyoungmalechimpspasstheirtimeying.YoungfemalechimpscarefullystudytheirAsaresult,theylearnhowtofishfortastytermitesnacksovertwoyearsbeforetheElizabethLonsdorf,nowatLincolnParkZooinChicago,US,andcolleaguesattheUniversityofMinnesota,SaintPaulspentfouryearswatchinghowyoungchimpanzeesintheGombeNationalParkinTanzanialearned“culturalbehavior”.Thedifferencesinlearningbehaviorwere“consistentandstrikinglyapparent”,saystheteam.Theresearcherspointoutthatsimilardifferencesareseeninhumanchildrenwithregardtoskillssuchaswriting.“A-basedlearningdifferencesmaythereforedatebackatleasttothelastcommonancestorofchimpanzeesandhumans.”theywriteinthejournalNature.Chimpsmakeflexibletoolsfromvegetationandtheninsertthemintotermitemounds,extractthemandthenmunchthetermitesclingingontothetool.Theresearchersused camerastorecordthisfeedingbehaviorandfoundthateachchimpmotherhadherowntechnique,suchashowsheusedtoolsofdifferentlengths.ysisofthesixinfantswhoseageswereknownshowedthatgirlchimpswereanaverageof31monthsoldwhentheysucceededinfishingouttheirtermites,wheretheboychimpswereaged58monthsonaverage.Femaleswerealsomoreskillfulatgettingoutmoretermiteswitheverydipandusedtechniquessimilartotheirmotherswhilemalesdidnot.Insteadofstudyingtheirmothers,theboychimpsspentasignificantlygreateramountoftimefrolickingaroundthetermitemound.Behaviorssuchasyingorswingingmighthelpthemaleinfantslaterinlifewhentypicallymaleactivitieslikehuntingorfightingfordominance eimportant,suggesttheresearchers.Lonsdorfaddsthattherejusttwomainsourcesofanimalproteinforchimps—thetermitesorcolobusmonkeys.“Maturemalesoftenhuntmonkeysuptrees,butfemalesarealmostalwayseitherpregnantorburdenedwithaclinginginfant.Thismakeshuntingdifficult,”shesays.“Adultfemalesspendmoretimefishingfortermitesthanmales.”So ingproficientattermitefishingcouldmeanadultfemaleseatbetter,“Theycanwatchtheiroffspringatthesametime.Theyoungofbothesseentopursueactivitiesrelatedtotheiradultroles{10}ataveryyoungage.”練習(xí)WhydoyoungfemalechimpslearnfasterthanyoungmalechimpsatfishingforABecauseyoungfemalechimpsdon’tywiththeirBBecauseyoungfemalechimpsbegintostudytheirmothersCBecauseyoungmalechimpsneverlearntofishforDBecauseyoungmalechimpsarenotinterestedinWhatarethetoolswithwhichchimpsfishfortermites?ATree B C DWhichoftheFollowingistrueaboutchimpsfishingfortermitesaccordingtoparagraphAMalesoftencompetewithfemalesinfishingforBMalescouldgetoutmoretermiteswitheveryCFemalescouldgetoutmoretermiteswitheveryDMalesaregoodatmasteringtechniqueforfishingforHowdidtheresearchersexinthefactthatboychimpsspentmoretimeonATheylikeBTheyenjoyCIthelpsthemtostayDItwillmakethemgoodfightersandhuntersintheAccordingtothelastparagrnph,whichofthefollowingisNOTAAdultchimpshuntmonkeyswhileyoungchimpsfishforBThemainsourceofanimalproteinformalechimpsiscolobusCThemainsourceofanimalproteinforfemalechimpsisDFemalechimpsfishfortermiteswhilewatchingtheir答案與題解她們比雄性小猩猩早兩年學(xué)會捕食白蟻。A、D文中沒有提到，C與問題沒有關(guān)系。BA、CD均是C該段告訴我們，對六只小猩猩的分析表明，雌性小猩狠不但較早學(xué)會捕食白蟻.而且能比雄性小猩猩更為熟練地捕食到的白蟻。所以，B和D都不是正確選項。A項內(nèi)容文中沒有提到。DA、BC都是錯誤的，因為文中沒有捉到雄性小猩猩喜歡獵食和打斗，也沒有提及玩耍能使他們更健康。D是正確答案。第七段昀后一句說，他們喜歡玩耍的行為有助于他們長大后的生活，A根據(jù)昀后一段的內(nèi)容，成年雄猩猩主要獵食樹上的一種叫做colobus（疣猴）的猴子，而雌性猩猩捕食白蟻。所以A是正確選項。B、C和D的內(nèi)容均可在該段中找到。第十 芝加哥公司動物園的ElizabethLonsdorf和她在圣保羅市明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的同事們用了4年時間觀察坦桑尼亞Gombe自然公園的年輕黑猩猩學(xué)習(xí)它們的“文化行為”。學(xué)習(xí)行為的差異是“一貫和驚人顯著的”，觀察小組報告說。研究人員，類似的差別也存在黑猩猩用植物制造靈巧的工具，將它們插入蟻丘把白蟻驅(qū)趕出來，再津津有味地粘在工具上的白蟻。研究人員用機(jī)記錄下這種捕食行為，發(fā)現(xiàn)每位猩猩母親在諸如怎樣使用不同長度的工具捕疣猴，而雌性則總是因為懷孕或身上吊著小猩猩而難以捕獵，”她說，“成年雌性比雄性花的兩性似乎都是在十分年幼的時候就開始了與成年后角色有關(guān)的活動?！盬orldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredictInafindingthatmayspeedeffortstoconserveoil，scientistsinKuwaitpredictthatworldconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014.Thispredictionisalmostadecadeearlierthansomeotherpredictions.TheirstudyisinACS’Energy&Fuels1.IbrahimNashawiandcolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloilconsumptionhassparkedagrowinginterestinpredicting"peakoil"."Peakoil"isthepointwhereoilproductionreachesaumandthendeclines.Scientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstoforecastthispoint，andsomeputthedateat2020orlater.OneofthemostfamousforecastmodelsiscalledtheHubbertmodel2.Itassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve3.Arelatedconceptisthat4of"PeakOil."Theterm"PeakOil"indicatesthemomentinwhichworldwideproductionwillpeak，afterwardstostartonirreversibledecline.TheHubbertmodelaccuraypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStatesin1970.Themodelhassincegainedinpopularityandhasbeenusedtoforecastoilproductionworldwide.However，recentstudiesshowthatthemodelisinsufficienttoaccountfor5morecomplexoilproductioncyclesofsomecountries.Thosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges，politics，andotherfactors，thescientistssay.ThenewstudydescribesdevelopmentofanewversionoftheHubbertmodelthatprovidesamorerealisticandaccurateoilproductionforecast.Usingthenewmodel，thescientistsevaluatedtheoilproductiontrendsof47majoroil-producingcountries，whichsupplymostoftheworld’sconventionalcrudeoil6.Theyestimatedthatworldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014，yearsearlierthananticipated.Thescientistsalsoshowedthattheworld’soilreserves7arebeingreducedatarateof2.1percentayear.Thenewmodelcouldhelpinformenergy-relateddecisionsandpublicconservev.irreversibleadj.不可逆的，不可改變的crudeoil原油年，現(xiàn)已成為世界最大的科技。多年來，ACS一直致力于為全球化學(xué)研究機(jī)構(gòu)、企業(yè)及個人提供高品質(zhì)的文獻(xiàn)資訊及服務(wù)。ACS的期有34種，這些期在化學(xué)領(lǐng)域中是被次數(shù)最多的化學(xué)期，Energy&Fuels即是其中一本。theHubbertmodel：模型是地質(zhì)學(xué)家M.KingHubbert于1956年創(chuàng)建的，這是一個隨時abellshapedcurvethatofpeakoil：thatconceptaccountfor：說明，解釋6.conventionalcrudeoil：常規(guī)原油Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword"sparked"appearinginparagraphTheterm“abellshapedcurve”appearinginparagraph2indicatesthatglobaloilproductiontaketheshapeofaflatkeepkeepstarttodeclineafterglobaloilproductionWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheHubbertItsuccessfullypredictedthatoilproductionpeakedintheU.S.inIthasbeenusedtopredictoilproductioninmanyItisinsufficienttoexinoilproductioncyclesinsomeItprovidesaveryrealisticandaccurateoilWhatisthemajorachievementofthenewstudymentionedinthelastItpredictsglobaloilproductionwillpeakinItpredictsoilproductionwilldeclinein47ItconfirmsfurthertheeffectivenessoftheHubbertItdiscoversanewtrendofworldwideoilWhodevelopthenewversionoftheHubbertAmericanBritishScientistsof47majoroil-producing2.D此句接下來的句子中所提到的arelatedconcept即是與abellshapedcurve相關(guān)的概念，也就是說，接下來的這個句子對abellshapedcurve做了解釋，即世界石油生產(chǎn)達(dá)到最大峰值后將下降。3.D文章的三告我，Hubbert于1970年將達(dá)到峰。和C都是對Hubbrt5.B短文第一段的第一個句子提供了答案。這一測其預(yù)提了近十，經(jīng)化學(xué)《量》上。?納夏威和同事們，全球石油消耗的快速增長使人們對“石油峰值”預(yù)測的越來越濃?！笆头逯怠敝傅氖鞘彤a(chǎn)量達(dá)到最大值后開始下降的時間點(diǎn)?？茖W(xué)家已經(jīng)構(gòu)建了幾個模型來預(yù)，型一在2020年晚其最名預(yù)型一。模型認(rèn)為世界石油產(chǎn)量呈鐘形曲線，與此相關(guān)的概念是“石油峰值”。這一術(shù)語指的是世界石最近研究描述了模型的新版本，提供了更加實際、更加準(zhǔn)確的石油生產(chǎn)預(yù)測。科學(xué)家使用新4747個國家是世界常規(guī)原油的主要提供者。科學(xué)Understandinghownaturerespondstoclimatechangewillrequiremonitoringkeylifeevents-flowering,theappearanceofleaves,thefirstfrogcallsofthespring-allaroundtheworld.ecologistscan'tbeeverywheresothey'returningtonon-scientists,sometimescalledcitizenscientists,forClimatescientistsarenotpresenteverywhere.Becausetherearesomanycesintheworldandnotenoughscientiststoobserveallofthem,they'reaskingforyourhelpinobservingsignsofclimatechangeacrosstheworld.Thecitizenscientistmovementencouragesordinarypeopletoobserveaveryspecificresearchinterest-birds,trees,flowersbudding,etc.-andsendtheirobservationstoagiantdatabasetobeobservedbyprofessionalscientists.Thishelpsasmallnumberofscientiststrackalargeamountofdatathattheywouldneverbeabletogatherontheirown.Muchlikecitizenjournalistshellargepublicationscoverahyper-localbeat2,citizenscientistsarereadyfortheconditionswheretheylive.Allthat'sneededtoeoneisafewminuteseachdayoreachweektogatherdataandsendit3AgroupofscientistsandeducatorslaunchedanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPheonology4Network."Phenology"iswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnature.Oneofthegroup'sfirsteffortsreliesonscientistsandnon-scientistsaliketocollectdataaboutntfloweringandleafingeveryyear.Theprogram,calledProjectBudBurst,collectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonntsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.Peopleparticipatingintheproject-whichisopentoeveryone-recordtheirobservationsontheProjectBudBurstwebsite."Peopledon'thavetobentexperts-theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat'sintheirneighborhood,"saysJenniferSchwartz,aneducationconsultantwiththeproject."Aswecollectthisdata,we'llbeabletomakeanestimateofhowntsandeommunities5ofntsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges."Frogn.Ecologistn.Phenologyn.Budv.發(fā)芽，萌芽;n.芽，花蕾Neighbor(u)rhoodn.近鄰;鄰近地區(qū)Databasen.數(shù)據(jù)庫hyper-localbeat:beat在此做名詞用，意思是：某類，如，abusinessbeat;商業(yè)專題。這是近年來出現(xiàn)的新詞。Hyper-localbeat即hyper-localnews，指的是被傳統(tǒng)方式所忽略的小型社區(qū)或居民居住區(qū)里發(fā)生的相關(guān)信息。在由此而誕生了hyper-localnewswebsite，專門對主流所沒有覆蓋的地區(qū)所發(fā)生的進(jìn)行，其形式多以網(wǎng)民，即短文中所提及的citizen這里的data也用作單數(shù)。Ecologiststurntonon-scientistcitizensforhelpbecausetheyneedtoprovidetheirallifetoobservethelifecycleoftocollectdataofthelifecycleoflivingtoteachchildrenknowledgeaboutclimateWhatarecitizenscientistsaskedtoTodevelopaspecificresearchinterest eprofessionalTosendtheirresearchobservationstoaprofessionalTokeeparecordoftheirresearchIn"Allthat'sneeded eone...(paragraph2)",whatdoestheword"one"standsacitizenacitizenaaWhatisNOTtrueofProjectOnlyexpertscanparticipateinEverybodycanparticipateinItcollectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonIthasitsownWhatisthefinalpurposeofProjectTostudywhenntswillhavetheirfirstTofindoutthetypesofntsintheTocollectlifecycledataonavarietyofcommonntsfromacrosstheUnitedToinvestigatehowntsandanimalswillrespondastheclimate數(shù)量有限的科學(xué)家不可能遍及天下，為此科學(xué)家求助于普通公民的參與。所以C是正確選擇。Bencourageordinarypeopletoobserve…Thecitizenscientistmovement，即D不是正確選擇。AC不符合文章的句意，因此也不是正確的果送交數(shù)據(jù)庫，讓專門領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家做進(jìn)一步的觀察。B正確表達(dá)了這個意思。Bonecitizenscientistscitizenjournalistsone指的oneofcitizenscientistsA、CD都不是正確選擇。這個句子的意思是，只要每天或每星A文章最后一段說，這個計劃向所有人開放(opentoeveryone)，所以應(yīng)選擇A。B，C，D所述內(nèi)DCProjectBudburst所要做的工作，但其最終的目的不僅僅是收集數(shù)據(jù)，而是研究氣候變化對生物生命周期的影響。因此，D才是正確答案。氣象科學(xué)家不可能遍及天下。因為在世界上有如此多的地方，沒有足夠的科學(xué)家來觀察它們。所以他們請求你來幫助觀察全世界氣候變化的跡象。公民科學(xué)家運(yùn)動鼓勵普通人根據(jù)自己的來據(jù)。就像公民幫助傳統(tǒng)方式所忽略的小型社區(qū)的相關(guān)信息一樣，公民科學(xué)家也對一項目叫做花季追蹤計劃，它收集遍布的各種各樣的植物生長周期的數(shù)據(jù)。參與這一項目的人“人們不需要是植物學(xué)家——他們僅僅需要環(huán)視四周看看周圍有什么?！盝enniferSchwarts說，她是這1.2millionroaddeathsworldwideoccureachyear,plusafurther50millioninjuries.Toreducecarcrashrate,muchresearchnowisfocusedonsafetyandnewfuels-thoughsomeelectricvehicleandbiofuelresearchaimsatgoingfaster.Travellingatspeedhasalwaysbeendangerous.Oneadvancedareaofresearchinmotoringsafetyistheuseofdigitalin-carassistants.Theycanensureyoudon’tmissimportantroadsignsorfallasleep.Mostcrashesresultfromhumanandnotmechanicalfaults.Somesafetydevelopmentsaimtoimproveyourvision.Radarcanspotobstaclesinfog,whileothertechnology“seesthrough”bigvehiclesblockingyourview.Andimprovementstoseatbelts,pedal(腳踏)controlsandtyresaremakingdrivingsmootherandsafer.Thecolourofacarhasbeenfoundtobelinkedwithsafety,ashave,lesssurprisingly,sizeandshape.Butwhateverisinthefuel,youdon’twantathiefinthedrivingseatandtherehavebeenmanyinnovations(創(chuàng)新).Salitetrackingandremotecommunicationscanalsocomeintoyifyoucrash,automaticallycallingforhelp.Accidentscausemanytrafficjams,buttherearemoresubtleinterysbetweenvehiclesthatcancausejamsevenonaclearbutbusyroad.Suchjamscanbeyzedusingstatisticaltools.Roboticdriverscouldbeprogrammedtomaketrafficflowsmoothlyandwillperhapsonedaybeeveryons’s chauffeur(),buttheirlatesteffortssuggestthatwon’tbesoon.Toreducecarcrashrate,manyscientistsareworkingharddesignfullyautomaticdevelopfasterelectricyzeroaddeathsoccurringworldwideeachimprovethesafetyofcarsanddevelopnewAccordingtothesecondparagraph,mostroadaccidentshappendueheavyhumanenginebadWhichofthefollowingsafetydevelopmentsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Windscreensthatcanhelpdriverstoimprovetheirvision.B.RadarsthatcanhelpdriverstoseeobstaclesinC.Devicesthatcanhelpdriverstoseethroughbigvehicles.D.Improvementsinseatbelts,pedalcontrolsandtyres. litetrackingandremotecommunicationsystemscnabeusedreduceoilremovetheobstaclesonthecallforhelpwhenone’scarhelpdriversgetoutofatrafficWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofroboticItwilltakesometimebeforeroboticdriversareRoboticdriversarenotallowedtodriveonbusyRoboticdriverscanneverrecehumanRoboticdriversaretooexpensiveto1.C文章第一段的意思是：在世界范圍內(nèi)，每年發(fā)生120萬起交通事故，加上5000萬起傷殘事故，因此正在進(jìn)行的許多研究的重點(diǎn)是安全問題和新問題，盡管一些電動車和生物的研究旨在達(dá)到更快的速度。所以，C是正確選項。2.B援(B)。C的內(nèi)容在文中沒有被提到，所以是正確選項。5.A文章最后一段說，為機(jī)器人編制程序后，它們就能使交通變得通暢，也許今后某一天，大家都擁有機(jī)器人，但是，這一天的到來還有待時日。BCD的內(nèi)容文中均沒有提到;A句說，要現(xiàn)在有很多研究將注意力放在行車安全和開發(fā)新型上。而有些關(guān)于電動機(jī)車和生物的研究但不管箱中盛為何物，你可不想在駕駛座上坐的是一個竊賊。對此，也有很多創(chuàng)新來打擊汽車，其中一些運(yùn)用了和通訊。當(dāng)發(fā)生時，這些通訊系統(tǒng)也可起作用，自動地呼交通事故可許多交通堵塞。但在一暢通卻繁忙的路段上，汽車間也有很多的細(xì)微互動，從而導(dǎo)有朝一日有望成為每個人的。但成果表明這種設(shè)想并非短期內(nèi)可以實現(xiàn)。Itwasagreatlegendwhileitlasted，butDNAtestinghas1endedatwo-century-oldstoryoftheHawaiianarrowcarvedfromtheboneofBritishexplorerCaptainJamesCook2diedintheSandwichIslands’in1779.“Thereis3CookintheAustralianMuseum，”museumcollectionmanagerJudePhilipsaidnotlongagoinannouncingtheDNAevidencethatthearrowwasnotmadeofCook’Sbone.Butthatwillnotstopthemuseumfromcontinuingtodisythearrowinits4，“Uncovered：TreasuresoftheAustralianMuseum,”which5includeafeathercapepresentedtoCookbyHawaiianKingKalani’opu’uin1778.CookwasoneofBritain’sgreatexplorersandiscreditedwith6the“GreatSouthLand，”7Australia,in1770.HewasclubbedtodeathintheSandwichIslands，nowHawaiiThe1egendofCook’sarrowbeganin18248HawaiianKingKamehamehaonhisdeathbedgavethearrowtoWilliamAdams，aLondonsurgeonandrelativeofCook’swife，sayingitwasmadeofCook’sboneafterthefatal9withislanders.Inthe1890sthearrowwasgiventotheAustralianMuseumandthelegend 10itcamewithscience.DNAtestingbylaboratoriesinAustraliaandNewZealandrevealedthearrowwasnotmadeofCook’sbonebutwasmore11madeofanimalbone。saidPhilp.However,Cook’sfans12togiveuphopethatoneCooklegendwillprovetrueandthatpartofhisremainswillstillbeuncovered.astheysaythereisevidencenota11ofCook’sbodywas13atseain1779.“Onthisoccasiontechnologyhaswon"，”saidCliffThornton，oftheCaptainCookSociety,ina14fromBritain.“ButIam15thatoneofthesedays…oneoftheCooklegendswillprovetobetrueanditwillhappenoneday.’’1.A. B. C.la D.2.A. B. C. D.3.A. B. C. D.4.A. B. C. D.5.A. B. C.has D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D..D分析：借助上文時態(tài)—一般將來時，及與空格處的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)—‘“考古發(fā)現(xiàn)：澳大利亞博物館的寶藏”…包括..’直接判斷D為答案該題考點(diǎn)：上下文時態(tài)和定語從句。直接判斷答案判斷C是答案。A.分析：直接借助搭配結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)(v.to引導(dǎo)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu))AA.分析：借助被選項的關(guān)系：suggestionproposal是近義詞，且用法接近，所以相互排除掉，比較A和D，判斷A((來自倫敦的))正確。weaklucky的詞義與句子表達(dá)的意思不符。據(jù)說是用1779年在桑偉奇群島死去的英國探險家船長詹姆士庫克的遺骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。在不久前DNA宣布該弓箭并非來自于庫克船長的遺骨時，奧大利亞博物館收藏經(jīng)理尤大書?菲古發(fā)現(xiàn)：澳大利亞博物館的寶藏”1778年夏威夷國王卡蘭尼歐普送給庫但是，庫克迷們卻不肯放棄希望。他們期待庫克之一將會被證明是正確，并且他人部分遺骨還以承受振擊而不會斷裂。列如白橡木容易損壞得多，盡管它的質(zhì)地一樣細(xì)密。巴斯大學(xué)的JulianVincent和他的研究小組都認(rèn)為木頭的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)能夠解釋這些不同。0.6530個孔時，木頭Anavalancheisasuddenandrapidflowofsnow,oftenmixedwithairandwater,downamountainside.Avalanchesare1thebiggestdangersinthemountainsforbothlifeandproperty.Allavalanchesarecausedbyanover-burdenofmaterial,typicallysnock,thatistoomassiveandunstablefortheslope2supportsit.Determiningthecriticalload,theamountofover-burdenwhichis3causeanavalanche,4acomplextaskinvolvingtheevaluationofanumberofTerrainslopesflatterthan25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow5ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot6significantlyonsteepslopes;also,snowdoesnot7easilyonflatslopes.Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow’sangleofrest1is835and45degrees;thecriticalangle,theangleatwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatest,is38degrees.Theruleofthumb2is:Aslopethatis9enoughtoholdsnowbutsteepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalanche,regardlessoftheangle.Additionally3,avalancheriskincreaseswith10;thatis,themoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiers,diemorelijkelyitisthatanavalanchewilloccur.Duetothecomplexityofthesubject,wintertravellinginthebackcountry4isnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafetyisacontinuous11,,includingrouteselectionandexaminationofthesnock,weather12andhumanfactors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso13therisk.If issueavalancheriskreports,theyshouldbeconsideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid14to.Neverfollowinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsarealmostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainandnoteobviousavalanchepathswherentsare15ordamaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeranavalanche. ckn.積雪場terrainn.地形，地勢steepadj.險峻的，的triggerv.引起，激發(fā)incidencen.發(fā)生(率)skiv.滑雪 will B DB D 10. 12. 13. 14. 15. C、D均不符合語法。選項A不合語法，C和D符合語法，但不符合：過度的雪的積壓可能導(dǎo)致雪崩，而不是必定導(dǎo)致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。 C要確定本題答案的一個有效的方法是排除法。alowweight/formworkofavalanche都不合邏輯，alowriskofavalanchelowriskofavalanche的道理，更證實了選risk是正確的。 35°~45之間，最可能發(fā)生人為觸 這個句子說明的是什么樣的山坡最易發(fā)生雪崩，即Aslopethatisflatenoughtoholdsnowbutsteepenoughtoski。flat在此作“平坦”解，與后面的steep形成反義。 句中的thatis表明，后半部分是對前半部分的進(jìn)一步說明。所以，這里的選擇要根據(jù)下文的意思判斷。use是最佳選擇,整個句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用得越多，雪崩就越有可能發(fā)生。 該句主句使用的是語態(tài)，第二個動詞是payattentionto的形式。選項A、B、D均不符 物被毀壞的地方。選項B、C、D均不符合句意。通常傾斜度小于25度，大于60度的山坡發(fā)生雪崩的要小一些。積雪不會在陡峭的山坡上大量35_45度之間，最可能發(fā)AtsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeinthenOceaninDecember,2004.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Wildanimals,1,seemtohaveescapedthatterribletsunami.Thisphenomenonaddsweighttonotionsthat1theypossessa“sixthsense”for2,expertsSriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24,000peoplealongthenOceanisland’scoastclearly3wildbeasts,withnodeadanimalsfound.“Noelephantsaredead,not4adeadrabbit.Ithinkanimalscan5disaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening,”H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSriLanka’sWildlifeDepartment,saidaboutonemonthafterthetsunamiattack.The6washedfloodwatersupto2inlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheast,SriLanka’sbiggestwildlife7andhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards.“Therehasbeenalotof8evidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsor