壟斷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)財(cái)經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院馮

AMonopolisticAMonopolisticCompetitorintheLongP=

利潤(rùn)

P=

LMCLMCSMCLACSAC

Whydoesamonopolisticallycompetitivefirmhaveadownward-slodemandcurve?Becausethefirmisconsideredtobeamonopolyinitsownmarket.BecausechangingthepricewillaffectthetyBecausethefirmisclosetoapricetaker,likeawheatBecausethelevelofoutputproduceddependson Ifafirmthathastheabilitytoaffectthepriceofthegoodorserviceitsells,whatistherelationshipbetweenitsmarginalrevenuecurveanditsdemandThefirmwillhaveamarginalrevenuecurvethatisThefirmwillhaveamarginalrevenuecurvethatisbelowitsdemandcurve.Thefirmwillhaveamarginalrevenuecurvethatisthesameasitsdemandcurve.Thefirmwillhaveanupward-slomarginalrevenuecurveandadownward-slodemandcurve.

完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)在長(zhǎng)期平均成本LAC3 d——完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商所的需求曲線(xiàn)QQ表示競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商有充分利用現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備QQ表示競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商

?競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商的長(zhǎng)期均

有地使用社會(huì)資源，以擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，將生產(chǎn)的平均總成本降到最低水平。O

AQ

CIsIsMonopolisticCompetitionMonopolisicCompetitionand 認(rèn)為 BecauseP>MC,themarkettyisbelowthesociallyefficientty.

theproduct-varietythebusiness-stealingIsIsMonopolisticCompetitionHowConsumersBenefitfromMonopolisticTheperfectlycompetitivefirmissellingagoodorserviceidenticaltothosebeingsoldbyitscompetitors.Akeypointtorememberisthatfirmsdifferentiatetheirproductstoappealtoconsumers.Thesuccessoftheseproductdifferentiationstrategiesindicatesthatsomeconsumersfindtheseproductspreferabletothealternatives.Consumers,therefore,arebetteroffthantheywouldhavebeenhadthesecompaniesnotdifferentiatedtheirproducts.

HowdoconsumersbenefitfrommonopolisticConsumerscanpurchasethegoodsproducedatthelowestpossibleprices.Consumersdon’thavetopaythehighpricesassociatedConsumersenjoyagreatervarietyofConsumersdon’tbenefitatallfrommonopolistic4 在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行業(yè)，當(dāng)企業(yè)銷(xiāo)售有差別產(chǎn)品并收取高于邊際成本的價(jià)格時(shí)，每個(gè)企業(yè)都有以做來(lái)吸引自己特一般來(lái)說(shuō)，產(chǎn)品的差異越大，企業(yè)投入的越多。用于的資源是不是一種社會(huì)浪費(fèi)？

TheCritiqueofCriticsofadvertisingSocietyiswastingtheresourcesitdevotestoAdvertisingimpedescompetitionitcreatestheperceptionthatproductsaremoredifferentiatedthantheyreallyare,allowinghighermarkups.TheDefenseofDefendersofadvertisingItprovidesusefulinformationtoInformedbuyerscanmoreeasilyfindandexploitpriceThus,advertisingpromotescompetitionandreducesmarketpower.ResultsofaprominentEyeglassesweremoreexpensiveinthatprohibitedadvertisingbyeyeglassmakersthaninstatesthatdidnotrestrictsuchadvertising.品牌BrandInmanymarkets,brandnameproductscoexistwithgenericones.Firmswithbrandnamesusuallyspendmoreonadvertising,chargehigherpricesfortheproducts.

AdvertisingasaSignalofAfirm’swillingnesstospendhugeonadvertisingmaysignalthequalityofitsproducttoconsumers,regardlessofthecontentofads.Adsmayconvincebuyerstotryaproductonce,buttheproductmustbeofhighqualityforpeopletoerepeatbuyers.Themostexpensiveadsarenotworthwhileunlesstheyleadtorepeatbuyers.WhenconsumersseeexpensivetheythinktheproductmustbegoodiftheiswillingtospendsomuchonTheCritiqueofBrandCriticsofbrandnamesBrandnamescauseconsumerstoperceivedifferencesthatdonotreallyexist.Consumers’willingnesstopaymoreforbrandnamesisirrational,fosteredbyadvertising.g tnfswodeinflunefbrad,ltinlowr.5TheTheDefenseofBrandDefendersofbrandnamesBrandnamesprovideinformationaboutqualityCompanieswithbrandnameshavetomaintainquality,toprotectthereputationoftheirbrand

Differentiatedproductsareeverywhere;examplesofmonopolisticcompetitionabound.Thetheoryofmonopolisticcompetitiondescribesmanymarketsintheeconomy,yetofferslittleguidancetomakerslookingtoimprovethemarket’sallocationofresources. EEOQ>OQ’P藍(lán)色：競(jìng)紅色：完全

Q”Q’

Centry/exitlong-runecon.theproductsfirmsfirmhasmarketnone,price-Dcurvefacingclosedownward-