2023年閱讀真題解析

20232023年試題分析PassageOne生詞釋義bepopularwithsbsbtoscorn:〔動詞〕輕視，蔑視=lookdownuponscornful:(形容詞〕輕視的LosAngelesUnified：洛杉磯聯(lián)合校區(qū)acrossthecountry:整個國家=throughoutthecountrytoreviseritual:〔名詞〕1〕儀式，*ancientreligiousrituals古代的宗教儀式*theimportanceofreligionandritualinourlives我們生活中宗教和儀式的重要性*Theladyofthehouseperformsthesacredritualoflightingtwocandles.女仆人點燃了兩根蠟燭，進展了神圣的儀式。2〕〔文中含義〕慣例thedailyritualofmealtimesHewentthroughtheritualoflightinghiscigar.他習慣性地點了一支煙。flexible:敏捷的，可轉(zhuǎn)變的inflexible:不行轉(zhuǎn)變的tomandate:〔及物動詞〕強制規(guī)定ThesemeasuresweremandatedbytheIMF.國際貨幣組織強制規(guī)定了這些措施。#mandatethat...規(guī)定.....;要求....Justicemandatesthatweshouldtreatallcandidatesequally.正義要求我們公平對待全部的候選人。exception:例外#withtheexceptionofsthexceptWealllaughed,withtheexceptionofMaggie.#withoutexception*Eachplant,withoutexception,containssomekindofsalt.每一種植物都無一例外地含有某種鹽。tocount〔for〕:有價值，很重要=beimportantFirstimpressionsreallydocountHispromisesdon”tcountformuch.Hisoverseasresultscountfornothing.他在海外的經(jīng)受不重要。與accountforsomething1〕占…的比重Afro-Americansaccountfor12%oftheUSpopulation. 非12%.2)解釋….的緣由*RecentpressureatworkmayaccountforhisbehaviorCanyouaccountforyourmovementsonthatnight?你能解釋那天晚上的行為嗎？academic:學業(yè)的academicgrade:學業(yè)成績academy:〔名詞〕學術(shù)*Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent?sacademicgrade.家庭作業(yè)從來就沒有受到過學生、甚至是家長的特別歡送，而近些年來更是備受貶損。美國各學區(qū)，特別是最近的洛杉磯聯(lián)合校區(qū)，正在矯正對這一教育慣例的看法。不幸的是，洛杉磯聯(lián)校制定了一項硬性政策，規(guī)定除了一些高級課程外，10%。bemeanttodo:應(yīng)當做….;有責任做…=should*Comeon,Ellen,you”remeanttobehelpingme.Ellen，你應(yīng)當幫幫我。*Ithoughtthepoliceweremeanttoprotectpeople.我認為警察有責任保護大家。impoverished:貧困的=poorchaos:〔名詞〕混亂chaotic:混亂的contradictory:沖突的動詞形式：tocontradict〔注：“和….相沖突”，后面不加withThearticleflatlycontradictstheirclaims. 這篇文章和他們所宣稱的是完全沖突的。Thewitnessstatementscontradicteachotherandthefactsremainunclearonone?sown:獨立地=independentlytogiveapasstosbsbsb過關(guān)complicated:簡單的=complextoimply:(動詞)暗指，示意implicationItisgoingclosetotheimplicationthat….差不多就是指…..，Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteon their own or that they cannot do without expensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren. 該規(guī)定的目的是解決那些家境貧困或家庭狀況糟糕的學生在完成作業(yè)時可能存在的困難。但是該政策不夠清楚并自相沖突。固然，假設(shè)學生不能獨立完成作業(yè)或者需要昂貴的設(shè)備才能完成，這樣的家庭作業(yè)就不該布置。但是假設(shè)學生由于家庭環(huán)境簡單未完成作業(yè)，而學區(qū)卻根本讓其過了關(guān)，那么這就相當于明目張膽地說，對貧困孩子有必要降低考試標準。administrator:治理者schooling:〔不行數(shù)名詞〕學業(yè)childrenintheirfinalyearofcompulsoryschooling這些孩子是義務(wù)教育的最終一年Al”sdadhadonlyafewyearsofschooling 艾爾的爸爸只受過幾年教育toassignassignment:(名詞〕布置的作業(yè)和任務(wù)toskip:跳過，略過，不做IdecidedtoskipthefirstchapterSheskippedlunchinordertogoshopping沒有吃午餐。reportcard:成績報告單ratherthan:=insteadofIthinkyou”dcallitalectureratherthanatalk.我認為，你應(yīng)當Ratherthangostraightontouniversitywhynotgetsomeworkexperiencefirst?不直接去上大學，何不先取得一些工作閱歷呢？Brysondecidedtoquitratherthanacceptthenewrules里森打算辭職，而不是承受的規(guī)章。toempowersbtodosbsthThePresidentisempoweredtoappointjudgestotheSupremeCourt.總統(tǒng)被授權(quán)為最高法院任命法官。toimpose#toimposesthonsbsthsbSomeparentsimposetheirownmoralvaluesontheirchildrenflat:(形容詞〕斷然的across-the-board:統(tǒng)一的*aflat,across-theboardruleDistrictadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapartofschooling;teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.學區(qū)治理層宣稱家庭作業(yè)仍將是學業(yè)的一局部；允許教師自主安排作業(yè)量。但由于家庭作業(yè)在學業(yè)成績中所占比重不能超過10%，學生就能輕易躲避一半的家庭作業(yè)，而成績報告單上也幾乎看不出差異。有些學生不做家庭作業(yè)統(tǒng)考也能取得好成績，但是那些完成了家庭作業(yè)并且取得好成績的學生呢？這很可能是由于寫作業(yè)幫助了他們。然而該規(guī)定不是授權(quán)教師去探究什么樣的作業(yè)最適合學生，而是強制規(guī)定了一個死板、統(tǒng)一的規(guī)章。toaddress:(動詞)解決(重點詞匯)=solvetoaddresstheproblem：解決問題30．thorn〔名詞〕刺thorny:多刺的；〔文中含義〕麻煩的，難處理的academicachievement:學業(yè)成績toeliminate:1〕〔文中含義〕鏟除，消退〔不必要或不重要的東西〕*Thecreditcardeliminatestheneedforcashorchecks卡免去了對現(xiàn)金或支票的需求。*Theteachershouldtrytoeliminatethepossibilitythatthechildhasahearingdefect能性。2〕消滅，殺死〔敵人/對手〕conversely:相反地=onthecontrarytomatter:〔動詞〕很重要=tocountMoneywastheonlythingthatmatteredtohim.金錢是唯一對他重要的東西。aportionof：一局部asignificantportionof….很大局部appropriatetoreview〔動詞〕1〕2〕3〕〔文中含義〕批閱，審核Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents?academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkmatters,it should account for a significant portion of the grade.Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that thehomeworkstudentsreceiveismeaningfulorappropriatetotheirageandthesubject,orthatteachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect. 與此同時，該政策并未解決有關(guān)家庭作業(yè)真正麻煩的問題。假設(shè)學區(qū)覺察家庭作業(yè)對于提高學生的學業(yè)成績作用不大，那么它就該實行行動削減甚至取消家庭作業(yè)，而不是讓它在成績中的比重變得微乎其微。相反，假設(shè)家庭作業(yè)很重要，那么就應(yīng)在學業(yè)中占有重要比重。與此同時，學生承受的家庭作業(yè)是否有意義、是否適合他們的年齡和學科、教師布置的作業(yè)是否超出他們情愿批改的數(shù)量，對于這些問題該政策絲毫不能保證。toputsthonhold:〔動詞短語〕sth=tosuspendTheplansareonholduntilaftertheelection.選舉后，打算被暫停了。Sincehavingthekids,mycareerhasbeenputonhold.自從有了孩子，我的職業(yè)生涯開頭暫停。tolookintothematter:調(diào)查這件事情=toinvestigatetoconduct:〔動詞〕進展，進展*toconductaninvestigation/survey/anexperiment:進展調(diào)查/publichearing:公眾聽證會Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.學校董事會〔負責制定教育政策的機構(gòu)〕在調(diào)查此事并進展公眾聽證會的時候，有關(guān)家庭作業(yè)的規(guī)定應(yīng)當推遲實施。對于洛杉磯聯(lián)校來說，正確處理這件事還不算太晚。文章構(gòu)造：本文就一項關(guān)于學生家庭作業(yè)的教育政策開放論述。第一段：提出了人們對家庭作業(yè)的一般觀點，并給出了話題，即洛杉磯校區(qū)關(guān)于家庭作業(yè)方面的規(guī)定。其次段：提出論點，即該規(guī)定不夠明確并相互沖突，并具體就貧困學生的狀況指出弊病。第三段:指出該規(guī)定沒有考慮到家庭作業(yè)對學生學業(yè)成績的作用而是簡潔地“一刀切”。第四段：指出該規(guī)定沒有解決家庭作業(yè)的真正麻煩問題，也沒有考慮到學生年齡、科目和教師批改方面的具體狀況。第五段：提出解決方法，即應(yīng)當停頓執(zhí)行這種規(guī)定并征詢?nèi)罕娨庖?。試題分析：Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework .isreceivingmorecriticismisnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences依據(jù)信號詞nowadays和homework，回文定位到第1段第一句..Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlyscornedbutparticularlyscornedreceivingmorecriticism〔A〕L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents .[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework這是緣由推斷題。依據(jù)信號詞 L.A.Unified和madetheruleabouthomework，回文定位到第1段尾句.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicy，但沒有提到緣由，連續(xù)往其次段找，覺察首句Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.留意到代詞this,后面必定是題眼,because是bemeantto的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，答案為〔C〕AccordingtoParagraph3?oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay .[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents?indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers?powerineducation依據(jù)信號詞oneproblemwiththepolicy，回文定位到第三段第Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.選項[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework是劃線局部的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，答案為〔A〕AsmentionedinParagraph4akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkis .itshouldbeeliminateditcountsmuchinschoolingitplacesextraburdensonteachersitisimportantforgrades依據(jù)信號詞akeyquestionunansweredabouthomework，回文定位到第4段首句thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.，留意到是信號詞unansweredabouthomework=addressnone;但題目詢問的是具體的一個未解決問題是什么，在接下來的第三句話中，第一句fthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents?academicachievementIfhomeworkmatters.說的是同一個問題。答案為〔D〕AsuitabletitleforthisPassagecouldbe .wrongInterpretationsofanEducationalPolicyAWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudentsThornyQuestionsaboutHomeworkAFaultyApproachtoHomework篇章主旨題需要關(guān)注首尾段中心句或各段落首句，從整體上把握文章。手段中心句 Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthat. 可知下文探討的是“一項有關(guān)應(yīng)對家庭作業(yè)的錯誤政策”；在依據(jù)尾段中心句 hehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheshoolboard”可進一步確認本文主要講的是“一項關(guān)于家庭作業(yè)政策的錯誤”，這種首尾段中心句的照應(yīng)恰恰說明它們是主旨題的“題眼”，正確答案為〔D〕PassageTwo生詞釋義adultwomen:成年女性beobsessedwith/bysth:〔略含貶義〕過度關(guān)注;一心想著Alotofyounggirlsareobsessedbytheirweight.很多女孩子對體重過度關(guān)注。Jody”sbeenobsessedwithsomelifeguardformonths.朱迪一個月來始終對某個警衛(wèi)耿耿于懷。pervasive遍布的，布滿的thepervasiveinfluenceoftelevisiontheall-pervasivemoodofapathy動詞原形：topervade:(感情，想法或氣味〕布滿著Aspiritofhopelessnesspervadedthecountry. 一種無助的心情布滿著整個國家。intrinsically：從本質(zhì)上來講atinysliceoftherainbow：一小抹彩虹tocelebrate:1〕慶祝2〕〔文中含義〕歌頌，頌揚tocelebrategirlhood：贊揚少女時代inoneway:在某方面tofuse:融合tofusegirls?identitytoappearance把女孩的身份融合到外表中topresent:(動詞)呈現(xiàn)topresentthatconnectiontodespairatsthsthsingular：〔形容詞〕1〕單數(shù)的*Ifthesubjectissingular,useasingularverb.假設(shè)主語是單數(shù)的，使用單數(shù)動詞。2〕〔文中含義〕顯著的，明顯的*Heshowedasingularlackoftactinthewayhehandledthesituation.在處理問題時候，他顯得明顯缺乏技巧。asingularachievement：突出的成就Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls?lives.Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls?identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls?livesandinterests.穿粉紅色衣服秀麗：成年女性已不記得自己對這種顏色的沉迷，但它在年輕女孩的生活中很盛行。倒不是說粉紅色本身有什么不好，而是它僅僅是五顏六顏色虹的一小局部。盡管它能在某方面襯托少女的特質(zhì)，但它也會反復強化女孩身份與外貌之間的聯(lián)系。粉紅色可以呈現(xiàn)出少女之間，甚至是兩歲女孩兒之間的共性：純真，而粉紅色自身即是純真的證明。環(huán)顧四周，我無望地覺察女孩的生活和興趣格外缺乏想象力。unavoidable:不行避開的toencode：〔及物動詞〕把….編碼Pinkseemstobeencodedingirls?DNA.粉色似乎被編碼在DNAbecolor-codedChildrenarenotcolor-codedatall.孩子是不標注對應(yīng)色碼的。〔意思是指男女還沒有天生是和某種顏色聯(lián)系在一起的。〕15.asapracticalmatter:實際上16.gender-neutraldress：不分性別的裙子17.tointroduce〔重要詞匯〕18.masculine:男性的，男子漢氣概的masculinity(名詞)femininefemininity(名詞)19.pastel：〔形容詞〕嚴峻的，淡的20.version:式樣，版本Pinkisapastelversionofred.粉色是紅色的嚴峻版。21.intimation: 1〕暗示* the first intimations of theapproachingconflict沖突降臨的第一次示意2〕宣告，告知Withoutearlyintimationofthedatesofthetrainingsessions,enthusiasmfortrainingcoulddecrease.沒有早點告知培訓課程的日期，大家培訓的熱忱可能會降低。22.VirginMary:圣母瑪麗亞23.constancy:恒久不變，堅貞24.toamplify:增加，放大25.marketingstrategy:營銷策略26.tocomeintoitsown27.inherentlytodefine:〔動詞〕1〕〔文中含義〕定義Abudgetisdefinedas…aplanofactionexpressedinmoneyterms”.預算被定義為“從金錢的角度表達一個行動打算”。Definepreciselywhatyoumeanby”crime”.準確地定義你所指的“犯罪”。2〕描述Girls?attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury,intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What?smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtof as gender-neutraldresses. When nursery colours wereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolizedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren?smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.粉紅色對女孩的誘惑似乎是不行避開的，不知怎么著成了她們DNA編碼的一局部，但依據(jù)美國爭論副教授JoPaoletti的觀點，事實并非如此。在20世紀初以前，孩子的衣服是不標注對應(yīng)色碼的：在家用洗衣機問世之前的時代，嬰兒實際上都穿白色，由于洗盡衣服的唯一方式是煮燙。此外，不管男孩女孩都穿人們認為屬中性顏色的衣服。在托兒所引入顏色概念后，粉紅色實際上被認為是一種更具男性特征的顏色，比紅色更嚴峻，讓人聯(lián)想到力氣。藍色會讓人想到圣母瑪麗亞，代表著堅貞和忠貞，是女性的標志。20世紀80年月中期，強調(diào)年齡與性別差異開頭成為兒童服裝市場的主導策略，直到這時粉紅色才盛行起來，開頭對女孩產(chǎn)生一種看似固有的吸引力，這讓粉紅色成為了定義女性特征的一個元素，至少在最初的關(guān)鍵幾年里是這樣。profound:(形容詞〕深刻的profoundlytodictate:1〕口授*She”sdictatingalettertohersecretaryrightnow.剛剛她向她秘書口授了一封信。2〕〔文中含義〕支配,打算=todetermineFundsdictatewhatwecando.資金打算著我們能做的事情。#dictatethat*Thelawsofphysicsdictatethatwhatgoesupmustcomedown.物理學原理打算著向上的東西必定會向下去。Themassivepublicitydictatedaresponsefromthecitygovernment度打算著市政府的反響。3〕發(fā)號施令；規(guī)定*Islamiccustomdictatesthatwomenshouldbefullycovered.伊斯蘭習俗規(guī)定婦女必需全部遮蓋起來。*TheUSgovernmentattemptedtodictatethetermsoftheagreementperception:(名詞〕看法=ideatoperceive:〔動詞〕理解，感覺，對待=regard,think#toperceivesthas:Evenasayoungwomanshehadbeenperceivedasafuturechiefexecutive.當她很年輕的時候，就被人看作是將來的總裁。#toperceivesthtobe:*Childrenwhodobadlyinschooltestsoftenperceivethemselvestobefailures.那些在學?？荚囍斜憩F(xiàn)很差的孩子把自己看成是失敗者。totakesthsthTotakethetoddler：以蹣跚學步的孩子為例turnsout:結(jié)果竟然是〔有點出人意外的〕.......=asaresultItwasadifficulttime,buteventuallythingsturnedoutallright.那是困難的時刻，但最終結(jié)果還不錯。Tomysurprise,itturnedoutthatIwaswrong. 讓我吃驚的是，我最終竟然錯了。Asitturnedout,hepassedtheexamquiteeasily.最終他竟然輕松通過了考試ThatguyturnedouttobeMaria”sex-husband..那家伙竟然是瑪麗亞的前夫。33.amarketingtrick:營銷策略=amarketingstrategyIhadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren?sbehavior:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularizedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.我原來沒有意識到，市場營銷的潮流對我們有關(guān)兒童天性的理解，包括我們對兒童心理發(fā)育的核心觀念，都產(chǎn)生著巨大影響。以蹣跚學步的小孩為例。我曾認為該階段是專家們經(jīng)過多年爭論兒童行為特征后進展出來的:錯。依據(jù)兒童消費史學家DanielCook的觀點，它事實上是20世紀30年月才開頭流行，源自制衣商的一個營銷花招。publication:出版物tocounsel:=toadvise#counselsomebodytodosomethingsbsthShecounselledthemnottoacceptthissettlement們不要承受這個解決方案。36.departmentstore:百貨公司37.steppingstone38.infantwear:嬰兒裝toevolveinto

建議他abroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage:普遍被承受的進展階段tosplitintoever-tiniercategorysure-fireway：肯定能成功的方法toboostprofit/提高利潤tosegment:分割，劃分tomagnify:放大，擴大=toamplifypreviously:從前，之前Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids?clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers?termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences----orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.當時商業(yè)刊物給百貨商場建議：要增加銷售額，就應(yīng)在嬰兒裝與大童裝之間制造一個“第三塊踏腳石”。所以是在Toddler成為購物者的常用術(shù)語后，它才漸漸成為一個被廣泛承受的孩子成長階段。事實證明，把孩子或成人群體做更加細致的分類是提高利潤萬無一失的手段。對市場進展細分最簡潔的方法之一，就是凸顯性別差異 或者制造出原來沒有的差異。文章構(gòu)造：本文是一片關(guān)于商業(yè)文化如何影響人們顏色觀念的文章。第一段：提出了粉紅色深受女孩寵愛這一觀點。其次段：具體闡述了為什么粉紅色會與女孩如此密不行分，從歷史的演化和粉紅色本身的象征意義方面進展分析。第三段：從制造商的市場策略對人們觀念的影響方面論述了粉紅色流行的緣由。第四段：進一步就市場策略方面提出建議，要想贏得市場就要凸顯性別差異或制造差異。試題分析：Bysaying“itis…therainbow”(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink .shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls?innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls?lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls?livesandinterestsitissuch....therainbow1段第2句Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,，notthat和though更引起關(guān)注，由于這是題眼，答案為〔A〕Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolors?Colorsareencodedingirls?DNA.Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirls.Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggenders.Whiteispreferredbybabies.回文定位到其次段第五句，覺察〔B〕項thecolorforgirls是symbolizedfeminity〔B〕Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren?spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby .[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren?snature[C]researchesintochildren?sbehaviour[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption回文定位到第三段首句 Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids, including our core beliefs about their psychologicaldevelopment，留意到hadnotrealized是theauthorsuggests的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，dictated=influenced,ourcorebeliefsabout=ourperceptionof...答案為〔A〕Wemaylearnfromparagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto .[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids?clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers?termsdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto，回文定位到第四段首句Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids?clothescounsel是advise的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，createa“thirdsteppingstone=classifyconsumersintosmallergroups〔C〕Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls?attractiontopinkseemstobe.[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts依據(jù)信號詞girls?attractiontopink，回文定位到其次段首句Girls?attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable，但結(jié)論性信息往往消滅在相關(guān)話題的尾部，其次段尾句 Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,when amplifying age and sex differences became adominantchildren?smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears，紅色劃線局部是選項〔C)的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，答案為〔C〕PassageThree生詞釋義1.afederaljudge:聯(lián)邦法官2.core#tothecore:極度地，完全地shaken/shocked/thrilledtothecore/格外興奮WhenIheardthenews,Iwasshakentothecore.聽到消息的時候，我完全震驚了。Thatwomanisrottentothecore〔文中短語〕toshakesbtoitscoresb3.patent:(名詞)專利towinpatentsforisolatedDNADNAtopatentsth:(動詞〕sth20%ofhumangeneswerepatented.20%的基因已經(jīng)被申請專利。unpatentable:(sthtorule:判定，裁定Thejudgeruledthatsheshouldhavecustodyofthechildren.法官裁定，她擁有孩子們的監(jiān)護權(quán)。#ruleonsthsth做出裁定TheSupremeCourthasyettoruleonthecase.最高法院必需對這個案件做出裁定。toagitate(sb)焦躁擔憂Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.治理者們極度地焦躁擔憂。toassuresbsb保證*Herdoctorhasassuredusthatshe”llbefine.醫(yī)生向我們保證，她會沒事的。Thedocumentisgenuine,Icanassureyou.我向你保證，文件是真的。#assuresomebodyofsomethingsbsth*Thedealerhadassuredmeofitsquality.商人向我保證了商品的質(zhì)量。辨析：toreassuresbsbsbTeachersreassuredanxiousparents. 教師們勸慰焦慮的家長們。#reassuresomebody(thatsbHetriedtoreassuremethatmymotherwouldbeokay.他盡力勸慰我說，我母親會沒事的。preliminary:初步的，開頭的=initialthepreliminarystagesofthecompetition：競賽的開頭階段*apreliminarydraft初稿apreliminarystep:前奏In2023,afederaljudgeshookAmerica?sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-----by 2023 some 20% of human genes werepatented.ButinMarch2023ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. TheBiotechnology Industry organization (BIO), a trade group,assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.2023年，一位聯(lián)邦法官讓美國生物技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)極度震驚。此前很多公司已經(jīng)對分別出的DNA享有專利多年----截止到2023年，大約20%的人類基因已被申請專利。但在2023年3月，一位聯(lián)邦法官做出裁決，認為基因不能夠獲得專利。這讓生物打算蘇公司的治理者們焦躁擔憂。作為一個貿(mào)易團體，生物技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)組織向其成員承諾這只是長期斗爭的額“前奏”。toberelieved#begreatly/immensely/extremelyetcrelievedShelookedimmenselyrelievedwhensheheardthenews.當她聽到消息的時候，大大舒了口氣。#berelievedtosee/hear/knowsomethingHismotherwasrelievedtoseehimhappyagain媽媽看到他又快活了，舒了口氣。tooverturn：1〕掀翻；使倒臺2〕〔文中含義〕撤銷〔判決〕*HisconvictionwasoverturnedbytheCourtofAppeal.上訴法庭撤銷了他有罪的判決。prior:從前的=formerpriordecision:從前的打算#priortosthsth之前=beforeAllthearrangementsshouldbecompletedpriortoyourdeparture.在你離開之前，必需做好全部的安排。ablessing:1)好事;(提升生活質(zhì)量或令人快活的〕事情Thedishwasherhasbeenarealblessing!洗碗機始終以來是個好東西。#itisablessing(that)It”sablessingno-onewasbadlyhurt事。OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMuriadGeneticscouldindeedholdpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawoman?sriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMytiad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.7月29他們?nèi)玑屩刎摚辽倥R時是這樣。聯(lián)邦上訴法院推翻了從前的判決，裁定MyriadGenetic公司確實可以擁有兩項幫助推測女性乳腺癌風險的基因?qū)＠?。位于猶他州的Myriad公司的首席執(zhí)行官認為，這份判決對于相關(guān)公司及患者都是一種福音。apersonalizedmedicine:一種共性化的藥物makeargumentsagainstsbsbtosuppressinnovation〔名詞〕創(chuàng)torewardsthsthpatentmonopoly:torestrictagrowingnumberof:越來越多的tourgeatask-forcetofile:(動詞)公布〔消息〕abrief:簡短聲明tofileabrief:公布簡短聲明24.moleculefibreButascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalizedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotover.Criticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented;genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit;andpatentsmonopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad.Agrowingnumberseemto agree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature…thanarecottonfibersthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”但隨著生物技術(shù)公司連續(xù)努力研發(fā)共性化藥品，法庭上仍舊會糾紛不斷。Myriad一案本身可能并沒有就此終結(jié)。針對基因?qū)＠?，批判家們提出了三個主要的反對理由：基因是自然產(chǎn)物，因此不應(yīng)得到專利保護；基因?qū)＠种苿?chuàng)而不是鼓舞創(chuàng)；像Myriad這樣的基因壟斷企業(yè)會限制其他公司進展基因測試。越來越多的人傾向于認同這些觀點。去年聯(lián)邦政府成立專項小組來督促基因測試方面的專利改革。10月份司法部對Myriad一案發(fā)表簡要聲明，認為分別出的基因分子就像從棉花籽分別出的棉花纖維一樣，也是自然產(chǎn)物。toremainunansweredDespitetheappealscourt?sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt. 盡管上訴法院已經(jīng)做出裁決，但一些重大問題仍舊沒有解決。例如，尚不清楚一個完整的基因組排序是否會侵害基因組內(nèi)個體基因所獲得的專利。該案件可能會上訴到最高法院。toadvance:前進，進展=todevelop28.tofilepatentsforsthsth申請專利29.inthepublicdomain:在公共領(lǐng)域中30.efficacy:〔正式用語〕效力，效能=effectivenessAstheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.CompaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules----mostareunlikelypatentedorinthepublicdomain.Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug?sefficacy.Companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor“connectingthedots,”explainsHansSauer,alawyerfortheBIO.然而，隨著該產(chǎn)業(yè)的進展，其他的訴訟可能會產(chǎn)生更大的影響。生物公司已不行能申請到更多人體DNA分子的專利大多數(shù)基因已受到專利保護或