基本七B 質(zhì)量工具

TheBasicSeven(B7)ToolsofQualityAPowerPointTrainingPresentationByKeithH.Cooper"Asmuchas95%ofqualityrelatedproblemsinthefactorycanbesolvedwithsevenfundamentalquantitativetools."-KaoruIshikawa

WhataretheBasicSevenToolsofQuality?FishboneDiagramsHistogramsParetoAnalysisFlowchartsScatterPlotsRunChartsControlChartsWheredidtheBasicSevencomefrom?KaoruIshikawaKnownfor“DemocratizingStatistics”TheBasicSevenToolsmadestatisticalanalysislesscomplicatedfortheaveragepersonGoodVisualAidsmakestatisticalandqualitycontrolmorecomprehendible.TheBasicSeven(B7)ToolsofQualityFishboneDiagramsNostatisticsinvolvedMapsoutaprocess/problemMakesimprovementeasierLookslikea“FishSkeleton”ConstructingaFishboneDiagramStep1-IdentifytheProblemStep2-Draw“spine”and“bones”Example:HighInventoryShrinkageatlocalDrugStoreShrinkageConstructingaFishboneDiagramStep3-IdentifydifferentareaswhereproblemsmayarisefromEx.:HighInventoryShrinkageatlocalDrugStoreShrinkageemployeesshopliftersConstructingaFishboneDiagramStep4-IdentifywhatthesespecificcausescouldbeEx.:HighInventoryShrinkageatlocalDrugStoreShrinkageshopliftersAnti-thefttagspoorlydesignedExpensivemerchandiseoutintheopenNosecurity/surveillanceConstructingaFishboneDiagramEx.:HighInventoryShrinkageatlocalDrugStoreShrinkageshopliftersAnti-thefttagspoorlydesignedExpensivemerchandiseoutintheopenNosecurity/surveillanceemployeesattitudenewtraineetrainingbenefitspracticesConstructingaFishboneDiagramStep5–Usethefinisheddiagramtobrainstormsolutionstothemainproblems.TheBasicSeven(B7)ToolsofQualityHistogramsBarchartUsedtographicallyrepresentgroupsofdataConstructingaHistogramFromasetofdatacomputesummean(x)MaxMinRange(max-min)ConstructingaHistogramUserangetoestimatebeginningandendCalculatethewidthofeachcolumnbydividingtherangebythenumberofcolumnsRange#ofColumns=WidthAcmePizzaExampleLet’ssaytheownerwantsadistributionofAcme’sThursdayNightSalesDataSetfromlastThursday(slices)0212241312122434143223212212214221212212121212121222121211222314223222123224224412223221224212421721223121121222122121222424AcmePizzaExampleMean=2.032258Max=7 Min=0Range=7QuestionFor7columnswhatwouldthewidthbe?Range/Columns=7/7=1sliceAcmePizzaExampleSlicesofPizza#timesorderedHistogramConstructingaHistogramHowisthishelpfultoAcme?2slicesofpizzamostcommonorderplacedDistributionofsalesusefulforforecastingnextThursday’slatenightdemand IfyouwereanAcmemanagerhowcouldyouapplythisinformation?TheBasicSeven(B7)ToolsofQualityParetoAnalysisVerysimilartoHistogramsUseofthe80/20ruleUseofpercentagestoshowimportanceAcmePizza(part2)Slices

Frequency

%0 1 .3

1 33 13.09

2 65 25.79 3 8 3.17

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