高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專題環(huán)境類專項訓(xùn)練

真題練習(xí)2017卷三Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources(來源)forthewolf–grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.$來&源Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredforeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A.Tested. B.Separated. C.Forcedout. D.Trackeddown.30.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout？A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Adeclineinthepark’sincome.C.Preservationofvegetation.D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject？A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.2020卷二 Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠). UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur–unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur. ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth. NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus,”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield. Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy. BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatpeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur. Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem–Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"collapsed"inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.31.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky,C.It'sharmful.D.It'straditional.2021乙卷You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(來源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(說明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.28.WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.30.Whateffectwould"TruckloadofPlastic"haveonviewers?A.Calming.B.DisturbingCRefreshingD.Challenging.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculpturesResearchersattheRoyalMelbourneInstituteofTechnology(RMITUniversity)havefoundthatthesingle-usefacemasksusedbybillionsofpeopleacrosstheglobeeverydaycansuccessfullybeusedtoproducematerialsforroad-building.Facemasksarelegalrequirementsforthepublicinmostcountries.TheyserveasPersonalProtectiveEquipment(PPEs)whichareusedtoreducethespreadoftheCOVID-19virus.Asaresult,largenumbersofsingle-usefacemasksarebeingusedeverydayallovertheworld.However,boththeproductionanddisposal(處理）ofbillionsoffacemasksarehavingharmfuleffectsontheplanet.Millionsofthemendupinlandfillorfindtheirwayintotheworld'soceans.TheuseofPPEshasgrownrapidlyduringthepandemic.Itisestimatedthat6.8billionfacemasksareusedacrosstheglobeeveryday.Thisisnotgoodnewsfortheenvironmentasmanyofthesearediscarded(廢棄的)afterjustoneortwouses,resultinginincreasedvolumesofwasteheadingforlandfillsites.Inspiredbyseeinghugenumbersofusedfacemaskslitteringstreetsinthearea,ateamofresearchersatRMITUniversitydecidedtoconductastudytolookforwaysinwhichusedfacemaskscouldsuccessfullybeusedforotherpurposes."Ifwecanbringcirculareconomythinkingtothismassivewasteproblem,wecandevelopthesmartandsustainablesolutionsweneed,"RMIT'sProfessorJieLisaid.Theresearcherslookedfornewwaysinwhichsingleusefacemaskscouldbeusedinotherprocessessotheywouldnotaddtoenvironmentaldegradation.Theteamproducedabuildingmaterialthatcouldbeusedfortheconstructionofroads.Themixconsistedofsingleusefacemasksandprocessedbuildingrubble(碎石).Theresearchersfoundthatmixingslicedfacemaskswiththerubbleaddedhardnessandstrengthtothemix.Theproductalsometcivilengineeringsafetystandards.Thestudyshowedthatthreemillionrecycledfacemaskscouldbuildakilometerofdoublesidedroad.Thiswouldprevent93tonsofwastefromheadingtolandfill.32.Whatisparagraph2intendedtoshow?A.ThefastspreadofCOVID-19.B.Thehugeconsumptionoffacemasks.C.Theneedtowearfacemaskseveryday.D.Theconsequencesofrefusingfacemasks.33.Whydidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Todevelopakindofreusablefacemask.B.Toencourageanewwaytobuildlocalstreets.C.Topromoteinternationaleconomicdevelopment.D.Todealwiththewasteproblemofusedfacemasks.34.Howdofacemasksplaytheirroleinproducingthenewbuildingmaterial?A.Theysimplifyitsprocessing.B.Theytaketheplaceofrubble.C.Theyguaranteeitsroughness.D.Theymakeitharderandstronger.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheNormalDisposalofUsedFaceMasksB.TheBenefitofCollectingFaceMaskLitterC.DiscardedFaceMasksAreUsedtoBuildRoadsD.RecycledFaceMasksCanBeUsedRepeatedlyRisingseas,meltingicecapsandothereffectsofawarmingclimateprobablycannotbechangedtorcenturiesandaredrivenbygreenhousegasemissions(排放）fromhumanactivity,ascientificgroupworkingundertheguidanceoftheUnitedNationssaidinareport."We'veknownfordecadesthattheworldiswarming,butthisreporttellsusthatrecentchangesin.theclimatearewidespread,rapidandunprecedented(史無前例的）ithousandsofyears,"saidKoBarrett,amemberofthegroup."Further,itisevidentthathumanactivitiesarecausingclimatechange."Withoutrapidreductionsinemissions,globaltemperaturescouldrisemorethananadditional1.degreesoverthenext20years,thereportforecasts.Oceansarewarming,andsealevelisincreasingby3.7mm,orabout0.1inch,ayear,thescientistssaidinthereport.Weatheraroundtheworldhasgrownmoreextremebymanymeasures,thescientistssaid,withmorefrequentheatwavesinsomeregionsandheavierrainfallandfloodinginothers."WhenyouseewhathashappenedthissummerwithheatwavesinCanadaandtheheavyrainfallinGermany,-thinkthisisshowingthatevenhighlydevelopedcountriesarenotspared,"saidSoniaSeneviratne,aleadcoauthorofthereport.ThereportbuildsscientificbaselinesforCOP26,akeyclimate-changesummit(IA)tobeheldinGlasgow.Representativesfrom197countriesareexpectedtopresentupdatedplansforreducinggreenhouse-gasemissions.Aglobalagreementresultingfroma2015climatesummitinPariscalledonnationstotakestepstolimitfutureglobaltemperatureincreasesto1.5degrees.Buttheeffortsarefallingshort.28.Howdoesparagraph3mainlyshowtheeffectofgreenhouse-gasemissions?A.Byreferringtodata.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bymentioningvariousdisasters.D.Bylistingcountriesasexamples.29.WhatdoSoniaSeneviratne'swordssuggestaboutclimatechange?A.Itsvictimsareabletostanditstests.B.Itbarelyaffectsdevelopedcountries.C.Itsharmfuleffectiswideandsevere.D.Itcanbecontrolledbysomenations.30.WhyisCOP26tobeheld?A.Topraisetheworkoflimitingtemperatureincreases.B.Topromotetheefforttocutgreenhousegasemissions.C.Tobuildscientificbaselinesforfuturehumanactivity.D.ToblameParisonitsfailuretoholdaclimatesummit.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Astudy.B.Ameeting.C.Aplan.D.Areport.Methaneisoneofthebiggestdriversofglobalwarming:About95%ofmethaneemissions（排放）fromcattlecomeoutoftheirmouthsandnoses.Thecommonmethodtodesigncattlefeedadditiveshelpsinthereductionofmethanegasincattle'sstomachs.However,chemicaladditivesmaybecomeaproblemforanimallifeandalsotheproducts.ABritishstart-uphascomeupwithacowmask,whichbreaksdownmethane,amoreharmfulgreenhousegasthancarbondioxide,intoCO,andwater.Thestart-up,namedZelp,wasfoundedbybrothersFranciscoandPatricioNorris,childrenofArgentine-basedcattlekeepers.Accordingtothecompany,themaskisabletoreduceupto60percentofmethaneemissionsincattle.Unlikeahumanfacemask,thecowmaskdoesn'tcoverthemouth.Itsitsjustoverthenose,helpingittocatchmethanefrombreathingandburps（打嗝）.Asensoronthedevicedetectswhatpercentageofmethanethecowbreathesout.Asthemethanereachesacertainlevel,achemicalreactionturnsitintocarbondioxideandwater.Themaskalsoworksasasmartdeviceforcows.ItmonitorscattlelocationthroughaGPSchip,besidesmeasuringfeedingactivity.Norrisbrothersbelievethatitwillhelpcattleownersidentifyearlysymptomsofadiseaseandhelpreducethecostoffarms.ThedevicehassuccessfullypassedtrialsconductedininstitutionsinArgentinabesidesUK'sRoyalVeterinaryCollege.Asglobalmeatconsumptionissettoincreaseby70percentinthenext30yearsaccordingtoFAO,sowillthedemandincattleanddairy（乳品的）industries.Thus,theNorrisbrothersbelievethattheircowmaskwillbeonestepintherightdirectioninthefightagainstglobalwarming.28.WhydoesZelpdevelopthecowmask?A.Tohelpcattleeatsafely.B.Toimprovefeedadditives.C.Tocutthemethanegasfromcattle.D.Toquickenthecattle’sdigestiveprocess.29.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellusaboutthecowmask?A.Howitworks.B.WhenitdetectsC.Whyitbenefitsthecow.D.Howitfitsonthecowshead.30.Whatisanaddedadvantageofthedevice?A.Givingcowsagoodappetite.B.Trackingthecattle'smovements.C.Curingthecows'milddisease.D.Regulatingthecattle'sfeedintake.31.WhatistheNorrisbrothers'attitudetowardsthefutureoftheirdevice?A.Ambiguous.B.Cautious.C.Skeptical.D.Optimistic.Coralsaremadeupofhundredsofthousandsofsmallorganisms(14-4).Forthepastfiveyears,researchersinHawaiiandAustraliahavebeenengineeringcoralsinsidealabtoseeiftheycouldbetterresisttheeffectsofclimatechange.Theteamtestedthreemethodsformakingcoralsthatwouldbestrongandhealthyinnature.Oneisselectivebreeding(繁殖），aimingtoproducebabieswithdesirablecharacteristics.Thesecondmethodsubjectedthecoralstoincreasingtemperaturestoconditionthemtobeabletosurviveinwarmoceanenvironments.Thethirdinvolvedmakingchangestothealgae(海藻)thatprovidecoralswithnecessarynutrients.Theleaderoftheproject,KiraHughes,saidallthemethodsprovedsuccessfulinthelab.Shesaidsomescientistsmightworrythatsuchmethodsgoagainstthenaturalprocessesofnature.Butwiththeplanetcontinuingtogetwarmerandwarmer,shedoesnotseeanybetteroptions."Wehavetointervene(FIT)inordertomakeachangeforcoralreefstosurviveintothefuture,"Hughessaid.Whenoceantemperaturesrise,coralsturnwhite,aprocesscalledbleaching.Whenthishappens,coralscanquicklybecomesickanddie.Butforyears,scientistshavebeenobservingcoralsthathavesurvivedbleaching.Theyarenowcenteringonthosehealthysurvivors.Thosecoralswereusedastheparentsforthenewlycreatedkinds.Arecentstudyfoundbleachingtobethebiggestcurrentthreattotheworld'scoralreels.Between2009and2018,theworldlostabout14percentofitscorals."Coralsarethreatenedworldwidebyalotofthings,butincreasingtemperaturesareprobablythemostserious,"saidCrawfordDrury.HeisthechiefscientistatHawaii'sCoralResilienceLab.MadeleinevanOppen,arescarchscientist,toldtheAPtherewereconcernsaboutwhethertheexperimentscouldresultinalossofgeneticdiversity.Andtherewerecriticswhosaidthescientistswere"playinggod"bymakingsuchchangestothereef."Well,youknow,humanshavealreadyintervenedinthereefforaverylongperiodoftime,"vanOppensaid."Ratherthaneditinggenesorcreatinganythingunnatural,theresearchersarejustattemptingtorepairthedamage,"vanOppenadded.28.WhatisKiraHughes'opiniononengineeringcoralsinsidealab?A.Itisquiteunnecessary.B.Itisthebestchoicesofar.C.Ithasaslimchanceofsuccess.D.Itfollowsthenaturalprocesses.29.WhatdoesCrawfordDruryagreewith?A.Thesicknessofalgaeistherootofcoralsdeath.B.Bleachingistheonlythreattotheworld'scoralreefs.C.Risingoceantemperaturesareseriouslyaffectingcorals.D.Nocoralscansurvivewhenoceantemperaturesincrease.30.WhatisMadeleinevanOppen'sattitudetowardspeople"'sconcernsandcritics'opinions?A.Disapproving.B.Favorable.C.Tolerant.D.Unclear.31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WarmOceanEnvironmentsEndangerCoralReefsB.ScientistsCreateCoralsinLabtoBetterResistClimateChangeC.NewMethodsCuringCoralsofBleachingProvedSuccessfulD.GeneEditingBecomesaMainApproachtoSavingStrugglingCoralsTheAmericanspaceagencyNASAhaslaunched(發(fā)射)anewinstrumentdesignedtocollectdataonvolcanicactivityandairquality.ThedevicearrivedattheInternationalSpaceStationonFebruary21.NASAhopesthesmallorbitinginstrumentcouldhelppredictavolcaniceruptionbeforeanexplosionhappens.NASAcallstheinstrumentNACHOS,whichstandsforNanosatAtmosphericChemistryHyperspectralObservationSystem.Itcontainsimagingsensorsdesignedtorecognizegaseslikesulfurdioxideandnitrogendioxide.Thepresenceofthosegasescansignalpossiblevolcanicactivity.NACHOSwasbuilttoobservetracegasesinareasassmallas0.4squarekilometers,Thesix-kilograminstrumentissettobedeployed(部署)threemonthslater.ItwilloperateattachedtoaCubeSat,asmallsatelliteweighinglessthan10kilograms.NASAsaysNACHOSwillobservefromabout480kilometersaboveEarth'ssurface.ANASAconsiderstheinstrumenta"prototype,meaningitsoperationsandobservationswillbestudiedduringitsorbit,whichisexpectedtolastoneyear.Duringitsyear-longmission,theteamwillstudytheinstrument'sperformancetolearnwhetherthetechnologyshouldbefurtherdeveloped.SteveLoveisascientistwiththeDepartmentofEnergy.Hesaidavolcanomaygiveoffsulfurdioxidebeforethereisanyvolcanicactivity.Suchadevicecouldhelpemergencyofficialstakeearlymeasurestoprotectcitizensandpropertyfromvolcaniceruptions.ButNASAsaysNACHOScanhelpscientistsonEarthinotherways,too.Theinstrumentcanalsobeusedtoobservegaslevelsfromnaturalandhuman-madesourcesthatcanbeharmfultohumans.OnegasthatNACHOSwillsearchforisnitrogendioxide,whichoftencomesfromburningfossilfuels.Identifyingthegascouldhelpscientistsfindareaswithhighlevelsofharmfulpollution.Whenwerecognizethatthesegasesarepresentandcanlocalizetheirsources,wehavetheopportunitytotakeactionandreduceharmfulhealthinfluences,"Lovesaid.Inthepast,NASAcreatedsatellitestoobservethesekindsofgases.ButLovesaidthoserequiredhigh-resolutionimagesandsensitiveinstrumentsthatwerecostlytoproduceandoperate.Smallerdevices,likeNACHOS,couldenableawideruseofthetechnologyatamuchlowercost.Ifitprovessuccessful,thetechnologycouldalsobeusedinEarth-basedsystems,NASAsays.32.WhatwillNACHOSdotofindpossiblevolcanicactivity?A.Analyzepastexplosions.B.Observethecolorofclouds.C.Identifycertaingases.D.Collectvolcanicpictures.33.Howisparagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Bylistingdetailedfacts.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byfollowingtimeorder.D.Bymakingclassifications.34.WhatcanNACHOSdoaccordingtothetext?A.Reduceharmfulgaslevels.B.Delayvolcaniceruptions.C.Improvesatellites'functions.D.Helpprotectpeople'shealth.35.WhichofthefollowingisanadvantageofNACHOSoversatellites?A.Itcostsmuchless.B.ItcanbeusedinEarth-basedsystems.C.Itworkslonger.D.Itcanbeeasilycontrolled.Whenitcomestoremovinghuman-caused/emissions（排放）ofthegreenhousegascarbondioxidefromEarth'satmosphere,treesareabighelp.Throughphotosynthesis(光合作用),treespullthegasoutoftheairtohelptheirleaves,branchesandrootsgrow.Forestsoilscanalsosequester（使隔絕）vastquantitiesofcarbon.Earthholds,byoneestimate,asmanyas3trilliontrees.Enthusiasmisgrowingamonggovernments,businessesandindividualsforambitiousprojectstoplantbillions,evenatrillionmore.Suchmassivetreeplantingprojects,advocatessay,coulddotwoimportantthings:helpbalancecurrentemissionsandalsodrawoutCO,emissionsthathaveexistedintheatmospherefordecadesorlonger.EveninthepoliticallydividedUnitedStates,large-scaletreeplantingprojectshavebroadsupport.Andoverthelastdecade,adiversegardenoftree-centricproposalsfromplantingnewseedlingstopromotingnaturalregrowthofworseningforeststomixingtreeswithcropsandgrasslandhascomeoutacrosstheinternationalpoliticallandscape.Trees"arehavingabitofamomentrightnow,"saysJoeFargione,anecologistwithTheNatureConservancy.Ithelpsthateverybodylikestrees."There'snoanti-treegroup.Treeshavelotsofbenefitsforpeople.Notonlydotheystorecarbon,theyalsohelpprovidecleanair,preventsoilerosion,shadeandshelterhomestoreduceenergycostsandgivepeopleasenseofwell-being."Conservationistsareunderstandablyeagertousethisenthusiasmtodowithclimatechange.InJanuary2020,theWorldEconomicForumlaunchedtheOneTrillionTreesInitiative,aglobalmovementtogrow,restoreandconservetreesaroundtheplanet.Onetrillionisalsothetargetforotherorganizationsthatadjustglobalforestationprojects,suchasPlant-for-thePlanet'sTrillionTreeCampaignandTrillionTrees,apartnershipoftheWorldWildlifeFund,theWildlifeConservationSocietyandotherconservationgroups.28.Whataretheenthusiastsinfavorofaccordingtothetext?A.Plantingtreesonalargescale.B.Reducingcarbonemissions.C.Balancingthedistributionofresources.D.Strengtheningenvironmentalmonitoring.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A.PeopleintheUSexpresscloseconcernoverpoliticalissues.B.Opinionsontree-centricprojectsweredividedinthepast.C.Massivetree-plantingprojectshavereceivedwidespreadsupport.D.Interplantingoftreesandcropshasbecomearecenttrend.30.WhatdoJoe'swordsfocuson?A.ThelimitationsofplantingtreesB.Theadvantagesofplantingtrees.C.Thefunctionsoftreesusedindailylife.D.Thelinkbetweentreesandhumanwell-being.31.Whydoestheauthormentionthosefamousorganizations?A.Toshowtheirgreatcooperation.B.Tostressplantingtreesisvalued.C.Toannouncetheirachievements.D.Toprovetheirimportancetotheworld.Cityairisinasorrystate.itisdirtyandhot.Outdoorpollutionkills4.2millionpeopleayear,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Concreteandblacktop,meanwhile,absorbthesun'sraysratherthanreflectingthembackintospace,andalsotaketheplaceofplantswhichwouldotherwisetoo!thingsdownbytranspiration（蒸騰作用）.Thenever-endingspreadofbuildingsandroadsthusturnsurbanareasintoheatislands,discomfortingresidentsandworseningdangerousheatwaves,whichareinanycaselikelytobecomemorefrequentastheplanetwarms.Apossibleanswertothetwinproblemsistrees.Theirleavesmaydestroyatleastsomechemicalpollutantsandtheycertainlytrapairborneparticulatematter（顆粒物），whichisthenwashedtothegroundbyrain.Andtreescoolthingsdown.Besidestranspiration,theyprovideshade.Theirleaveshave,afterall,developedtoblocksunlight.Tocoolanareaeffectively,though,treesmustbeplantedinquantity.In2009,researchersattheUniversityofWisconsinfoundthatAmericancitiesneed40%treecoveragetocuturbanheatbackmeaningfully.Unfortunately,notallcities—andespeciallynotthosenowspringingupintheworldspoorandmiddle-incomecountries—areblessedwithparks,privategardensorevendecorativestreettreesinsufficientnumbers.Andtheproblemislikelytogetworse.Atthemoment,55%ofpeopleliveincities.By2050thatshareisexpectedtoreach68%.SomebotanistsbelievetheyhaveatleastapartialsolutiontothislackofurbanvegetationItistoplantverysmallsimulacra（模擬物）ofnaturalforests,ecologicallyengineeredforrapidgrowth.Overthecourseofacareerthatbeganinthe1950s,AkiraMiyawa