大學(xué)閱讀理解題集

Passage1

Solongasteachersfailtodistinguishbetweenteachingandlearning,theywillcontinuetoundertakethingsforchildren

thatchildrencanonlydoforthemselves.Teachingchildrentoreadisnotpassingreadingontothem.Itiscertainlynot

endlesshoursspentinactivitiesaboutreading.Douglasinsiststhat“readingcannotbetaughtdirectlyandschools

shouldstoptryingtodotheimpossible."

leachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingis

tocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentodevisethemostefficientsystemfor

teachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsoapublicactivity:itcanbeseenandobserved.

Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoestomakesenseoftheworldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofit

isprivate,forlearningisanoccupationofthemind,andthatprocessisnotopentopublicexamination.

Ifteacherandlearnerrolesaredistinguishable,howcanteachingaidthechildinthequestforknowledge?Smithhas

oneprincipalruleforallteachinginstructions.''Makelearningtoreadeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,

enjoyableandfrequentexperienceforchildren.''Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyare,and

whenbothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemappropriately,thenmuchofthepressureandfeelingoffailureforbothis

eliminated.Learningtoreadismadeeasierwhenteacherscreateanenvironmentwherechildrenaregiventhe

opportunitytosolvetheproblemoflearningtoreadbyreading.

I.Theproblemwiththereadingcourseasmentionedinthefirstparagraphisthat.

(A)itisoneofthemostdifficultschoolcourses

(B)toomuchtimeisspentinteachingaboutreading

(C)studentsspendendlesshoursinreading

(D)readingtasksareassignedwithlittleguidance

正確答案:B,

2.Theteachingofreadingwillbesuccessfulif.

(A)teacherscanenablestudentstodeveloptheirownwayofreading

(B)teacherscanimproveconditionsatschoolforthestudents

(C)teacherscandevisethemostefficientsystemforreading

(D)teacherscanmaketheirteachingactivitiesobservable

正確答案:A,

3.Theword“examination”attheendofParagraph3mostprobablymeans'、'

(A)inquiry

(B)observation

(C)control

(D)suspicion

正確答案:B,

4.Accordingtothepassage,learningtoreadwillnolongerbeadifficulttaskwhen.

(A)childrenbecomehighlymotivated

(B)teacherandlearnerrolesareidentical

(C)teachinghelpschildreninthesearchforknowledge

(D)readingenricheschildren'sexperience

正確答案:A,

5.Themainideaofthepassageisthat.

(A)teachersshoulddoaslittleaspossibleinhelpingstudentslearntoread

(B)teachersshouldencouragestudentstoreadaswidelyaspossible

(C)readingabilityissomethingacquiredratherthantaught

(D)readingismorecomplicatedthangenerallybelieved

正確答案:C,

Passage2

IfitwasoncethecasethattherewerenosecondactsinAmericanlives,therearenownotonlysecondactsbutthird,

fourth,andfifthones.Thisisnotentirelyunhealthy:Thebeliefthatoneshouldn'tbejudgedbyone'sworstmistakes

revives(恢復(fù))careersthatmightotherwisehaveended.Thus,SergioZymanreboundedfromthefailureofNewCoke

toleadthecompanytogreatsuccessandlandedonthecoverofFortuneinastoryheadlined,**SoVbuFail.Now

BounceBack!^^Thatstoryputanewspinonscrewingup:"Ifyouhaven'tfailedyet,youprobablywill.Andforthe

benefitofyourcareer,youprobablyshould.M

Sometimeinthe1990s,though,thenotionoffailureasthenecessaryprefacetosuccessreacheditsfallingphase.In

this,Hollywoodledtheway.WhenthemovieShowgirlswasnotsuccessfulintheaters,itsdistributor,MGM,decidedto

activelysellitasabadmovie,arrangingmidnightshowsstockedwithdragqueens(男扮女裝的男同性戀者)shouting

thefilm'slinesbackatthescreen.Thenotionofshameinfailurecametobeseenasold-fashioned,andthe

''redemption"(補(bǔ)救)phaseofacomebackgrewshorterandshorteruntilitdisappearedentirely.AsHughGranttaught

us,nomatterhowbadone'smisconduct,onecanearnforgivenessthroughamodestchatonanationaltalkshow.

Smilarly,BobDoledidn'tenteraNixonianretreatafterhispoliticaldefeat—hesoonenteredhisnewroleasasalesman,

poking(戳，捕)gentlefunathisowninabilitytowin.The1990scultivationofanappreciationforfailurewasideally

timedsincethe2000shavemadefailureepidemic.Failureisnotmerelymorecommonthansuccessthesedays,it's

alsomoreinteresting.

I.Thebesttitlethatfitsthispassageis.

(A)Howtoturnfailureintosuccess

(B)Failureisthenewsuccess

(QFailureshouldbeavoided

(D)Don'tbeafraidoffailure

正確答案:B,

2.Whatdoes“putanewspinonscrewingup''inF^ra.1probablymean?

(A)*Ibgetthecarmoving.

(B)TDtightenthepartsofthecar.

(C)7bturnfailureintosuccess.

(D)7bspeeduptheprocessofsuccess.

正確答案:C,

3/1nthis,Hollywoodledtheway?'(era.3)Here,,,this,^refersto.

(A)howtomakefirst-classmovies

(B)failureisnolongernecessarytosuccess

(Qhowtoreselltheunsuccessfulmovies

(D)failureisactuallyanecessarypartofsuccess

正確答案:D,

4.WhatdidHughGrantandBobDoletellusaboutfailure?

(A)Oneshouldn'tbeashamedofone*sfailure.

(B)Oneshouldfeelashamedofone'sfailure.

(C)Thenotionofshameinfailureisup-to-date.

(D)Failureisanembarrassingthing.

正確答案A

5.Accordingtotheauthor,failure.

(A)waspredominantin1990s

(B)canalsobefun

(Qislesscommonthansuccess

(D)spreadtotheinternet

正確答案:B,

F^ssage1

Wargamesarecommonlyusedbythemilitarytoevaluatestrategies,explorescenariosandrevealunexpected

weaknesses.AmericanshipsandaircrafthavejustbeguntwoweeksofwargamesintheGulf,promptingprotestsfrom

Iran,andlastweekSouthKoreacarriedoutanannualcomputerisedwar-gameexercise.

Mightwargamesdeserveagreaterroleinbusiness?Militaryanalogiesaboundinthecorporateworld.Plentyofbosses

looktoSunTzu,anancientChinesegeneral,formanagementtips.Andinbusiness,asinwar,outcomesdependon

whatothersdo,aswellasone'sownactions.manyfirmsfailtothinksystematicallyabouthowrivalswillreactto

theirplans—andtraditionalplanningdoesapoorjoboftakingcompetitors'responsesintoaccount,saysJohn

McDermott,headofstrategyatXerox,anoffice-equipmentcompany.Corporatewargames,whichsimulatethe

interactionsofmultipleactorsinamarket,provideabetterwaytodoso.

Suchgameshavetwochiefcharacteristics.First,playersbreakintoteamsandtakeontherolesoffiercecompetitors

(andsometimesothercitizens,suchascustomers).Second,thegamesinvolveseveralturns,allowingcompetitorsnot

justtodrawuptheirownstrategiesbuttorespondtothechoicesofothers.Theirpopularityisrising.BoozAllen

Hamilton(BAH),aconsultancy,isrunning100wargamesayear,upfromaround50threeyearsago.OpenOptions,

aCanadianstrategyconsultancy,hasbeengoingsince1996anditsrevenuedoubledlastyear.

BAHintroducesaquantitativeelementintoitsgames,calculatingtheeffectofeachteam'sstrategyontheircompany's

profitsandstockmarketvalueattheendofeachturn.QpenOptionstakesafurtherstep.TohelpXeroxunderstandthe

marketdynamicsoftheprintandcopyindustry,itranaone-dayworkshopinwhichteamsfromXeroxtooktheroles

ofthebigcompaniesinthemarket,itselfincluded.Eachteamidentifiedthethings"their''companycoulddotochange

itsstrategyanddrewupalistofitsdesiredoutcomes;these"preferencetrees'*weresharedwiththeotherteams.The

resultswerethenpumpedintoOpenOptions'proprietarysoftwaretools,whichplayedoutinteractionsbetweenthe

companiesandproducedarangeofpossibleoutcomes.

Mr.McDermottsaysthegame'spredictivepowerwasastonishing:oneforecast,thatacompanywouldstarttoacquire

acertaingroupofassetswithintheindustry,cametruewithinsixmonths.Bysheddinglightonareaswherecompanies

havedifferentpriorities,theconceptofpreferencetreeshelpstohighlightpotentialtrade-offs,aswellascompetition.

OpenCationschargesNorthAmericanclientsroughly$100,000foranengagement.Thesecretofsuccessful

war-gamingdoesnotsimplylieinmathematics,however.Interaction,notalgebra,isthebestwaytowinsupportfor

anewstrategy.Game-playersmustbeseniorforthesamereason—althoughhavingthetopbossonateamcanstifle

feedback.Strategiesalsohavetocapturecompetitors'hard-to-quantifycorporatecultures:whendesigningagame,

BAHseeksoutemployeesatitsclientswhohaveactuallyworkedatcompetitorsforthatreason.Butperhapswar

games'greatestvalueliesinthewaytheyencouragemanagerstothinkdifferentlyabouttheconsequencesoftheir

actions,"lbknowyourenemy,youmustbecomeyourenemy,"asSunTzuwouldsay.

I.Theexpression“aboundirT(Line1,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.

(A)belimited

(B)beappreciated

(C)bedriven

(D)beplentiful

正確答案:D,

2.Accordingtothetext,traditionalcorporateplanning.

(A)hasbeencompletelyabandoned.

(B)failstoconsiderrivals'reactions.

(C)includesthedetailedanalysesofstrategiesofallrivalcompanies.

(D)functionswellforthedevelopmentofmostcompanies.

正確答案:B,

3.ThepositiveeffectofwargamesowestothefollowingEXCEPT.

(A)theroleplayingofcompetitors

(B)thecompositionofseveralturns

(C)theintroductionofquantitativefactors

(D)therisingpopularityofthegame

正確答案:D,

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

(A)BothBAHandOpenOptionsdevelopedtheirownsoftwaretoolsfordataanalysisofwargames.

(B)Thewargameserviceexpandsslowlybecauseofitshighfee.

(C)"Preferencetrees"referstodesiredoutcomesofthecompanies.

(D)Wargame'spredictiveabilityisnotconvincing

正確答案:C,

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonforthesuccessofwargames?

(A)feedback

(B)mathematics

(C)interaction

(D)considerationofenemy

正確答案:A,

F^ssage2

Almostmorethananyothercountryintheworld,Britainmustseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards,thatis

tosay,ofprovidingaccommodationstoaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.Itissaidthat

theEnglishmanobjectstothistypeofexistence,butifthecaseissuch,hedoesinfactdifferfromtheresidentsofmost

countriesoftheworldtoday.

Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththelowerincomegroupsandtheyhavelackedthe

obviousprovisions(供應(yīng))，suchascentralheating,constanthotwatersupply,electricallyoperatedliftsfromtopto

bottom,andsoon,aswellassuchdetailsaseasyfacilities(設(shè)施)forgettingridofdustandrubbishandstorageplaces

forbabycarriagesonthegroundfloor,playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsfor

washing.Itislikelythattheargumentregardingflatsversus(與...相對)individualhouseswillcontinuetorageonfor

alongtimeasfarasBritainisconcerned.Anditisunfortunatethatthereshouldbehotfeelingonbothsideswhenever

thissubjectisraised.Thosewhoopposethebuildingofflatsbasetheircaseprimarilyontheassumptionthateveryone

prefersanindividualhomeandgardenandonthehighcostperunitofaccommodation.Thelatterignoresthehigher

costofprovidingfullservicestoascatteredcommunityandthecostinbothmoneyandtimeofthejourneytowork

fromthesuburbanresidences.

1.WhatistheproblemthatBritainmustface?

(A)Buildingblocksofhomes.

(B)Placingpeopleinflats.

(C)Beingdifferentfromothercountries.

(D)Helpinglowerincomegroups.

正確答案:B,

2.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthefeaturesoftoday'sflats?

(A)Facilitiesforgettingridofgarbage.

(B)Carriagesforbabies.

(C)Watersupplyfordrinking.

(D)Playgroundsforchildren.

正確答案:A,

3.Whichofthefollowingislikelytocontinueforalongtimeaccordingtothepassage?

(A)Ratswillnothavetheobviousprovisions.

(B)Houseswillbepreferredbymostpeople.

(QFteoplewillnotagreeonflatsandindividualhouses.

(D)Britainwillbeanunfortunateplacetolive.

正確答案:C,

4.Whydopeopleopposethebuildingofflats?

(A)Theythinkflatsoffernoprovisions.

(B)Theythinkflatsareunfortunate.

(C)Theythinkeveryoneprefershouses.

(D)Theythinkeveryoneagreeswiththem.

正確答案:C,

5.Whatdopeopleignorewhentheyopposeflats?

(A)Ratshavemanyprovisionsnow.

(B)Flatsaresuitableforindividualfamilies.

(C)Flatsofferplentyofspaceforliving.

(D)Ratssavepeoplemoneyandtime.

正確答案:D,

Passage2

Ybuheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn't

ever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958of

TheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodern

classicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Fbrmostofhistory,^hunger,sickness,and

cold''threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote."Rovertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotof

ours.”AfterWorldWar11,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930s

unemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemad

andwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn'treally

wantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthat

wouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—andwrongly-labeledgovernment

onlyas“anecessaryevil.,*It'softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfalling

behind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningful

period,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3

percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel^squeezed"becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwants—for

biggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,andfasterInternetconnections.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatit

hasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Fteopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffs

increased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome"thedisposableAmerican,MasLouisUchitelleputs

itinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluence

suggestedutopian(烏托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlesphysicalmiserythan

before.Fteoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.Advanced

societiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloose

newanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthat

everyonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmany

disappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownand

obesity(月凹伴癥).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.

We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

(A)Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy?

(B)Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness?

(C)Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday?

(D)Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom?

正確答案:B,

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause.

(A)publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

(B)thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

(C)theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

(D)materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

正確答案:D,

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

(A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

(B)Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

(C)Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweenther5ichandthepoor.

(D)Healthcareandeducationalcosthassomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

正確答案:A,

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby41hedisposableAmerican,'(F^ra.5)?

(A)Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

(B)Fteoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

(CJFteoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

(D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

正確答案:D,

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

(AJFtenewedeconomicsecurity.

(B)Asenseofself-fulfillment.

(C)Newconflictsandcomplaints.

(D)Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

正確答案:C,

Passage1

AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTufts

Universityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromthe

CenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberal

causes.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,Barack

Obamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityof

lifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.Asthenationmoves

furtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhis

agenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?

ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupof

youngObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.R)rthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11other

Obamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheir

ideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationabout

whatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfrom

St.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringto

finishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObama

presidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,into

herposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowaituntil15yearsfromnow''tomakesenseofthe

world.HenryFores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spolitical

strengthtotheirembraceoftechnology.t4[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking；'hesays,“andgroupsthat

arelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether.^^ThafsexactlywhattheGenerationObloggers

arehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的美國人)

parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfrom

GenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美國人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—if

ambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.

1.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyClROLE?

(A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.

(B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.

(QYbungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.

(D)YbungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.

正確答案:A,

2.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?

(A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.

(B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.

(C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.

(D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.

正確答案:C,

3.Whatw川theGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?

(A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.

(B)FblicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.

(C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.

(D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.

正確答案:D,

4.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?

(A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.

(B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.

(C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.

(D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.

正確答案:C,

5..WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?

(A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.

(B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.

(C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.

(D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.

正確答案:D,

Passage2

OnJuly17,1774,theofficialsfromMarylandandVirginiaheldatalkwiththeIndiansoftheSixNations.TheIndians

wereinvitedtosendboystoWilliamandMaryCollege.Inaletterthenextdaytheyrefusedtheofferasfollows:

“Weknowthatyouhaveahighopinionofthekindoflearningtaughtinyourcolleges,andthatthecostoflivingofour

youngmen,whilewithyou,wouldbeveryexpensivetoyou.Weareconvincedthatyoumeantodogoodbyyour

proposal;andwethankyouheartily.Butyoumustknowthatdifferentnationshavedifferentwaysoflookingatthings,

andyouwillthereforenotbeoffendedifouropinionsonthiskindofeducationhappennottobethesameasyours.

Wehavehadsomeexperienceofit.Severalofouryoungpeoplewereformerlybroughtupatthecollegesofthe

northernstates;theyweretaughtallyoursciences;butwhentheycamebacktoustheywerebadrunners,ignorant

ofeverymeansoflivinginthewoods,theyweretotallygoodfornothing.

、'Weare,however,notthelessobligedbyyourkindoffer,thoughwerefusetoacceptit,andtoshowourgratefulsense

ofit,ifthegentlemenofVirginiawillsendusadozenoftheirsons,wewilltakecareoftheireducation,teachthemin

allweknowandmakemenofthem."

1.Thispassageisabout.

(A)thetalkbetweentheIndiansandtheofficials

(B)thecollegesofthenorthernstates

(QtheeducationalvaluesofIndians

(D)theproblemsoftheAmericansinthemid-eighteenthcentury

正確答案:C,

2.TheIndians'chiefpurposeinwritingtheletterisprobablyto.

(A)politelyrefuseafriendlyoffer

(B)expresstheiropinionsonequaltreatment

(C)showtheirpride

(D)describeIndiancustoms

正確答案:A,

3.Accordingtotheletter,theIndiansbelievedthat.

(A)itwouldbebetterfortheirboystoreceivesomeschooling

(B)theywerebeinginsultedbytheoffer

(CJtheyknewmoreaboutsciencethantheofficials

(D)theyhadabetterwayofeducatingyoungmen

正確答案:D,

4.DifferentfromtheofficiaPsviewofeducation,theIndiansthought

(A)youngwomenshouldalsobeeducated

(B)theyhaddifferentgoalsofeducation

(C)theytaughtdifferentbranchesofscience

(D)theyshouldteachthesonsoftheofficialsfirst

正確答案:B,

5.Thetoneoftheletterasawholeisbestdescribedas

(A)angry

(B)pleasant

(C)polite

(D)positive

正確答案:C,

F^ssage1

Theearliestmethodofexploitingthispowerwastomakewaterturnawheel.Thissystem,inwhichtheforceofwater

wasuseddirectly,hadonegreatdisadvantage.Factorieswhichusedithadtobebuiltonthebanksoffastflowing

streams,butthesewereoftenlocatedininaccessible,thinlypopulatedareas,whichmadetransportationofgoods

difficult.

Whenthesteamenginewasinventeditsoonreplacedflowingwaterasasourceofpower;newfactoriessprangupin

thecoalfields.Coalandoil——reserveofpoweralsoultimatelyderivedfromthesun—arenotalwaysfoundinaccessible

places,buttheyhavetheadvantageofbeingportable.

Inthe20thcenturythesituationchangedandwateroncemorebecameavitalsourceofpower.Methodsweredevised

forproducingelectricityfromtheenergyofrivers.

Oncetheinitialcapitalhasbeenrecovered,electricityfromthissourceisusuallycheaperthanoilandcoal,whichare

expensivetoextract(開對andtransport.Thegreatadvantageofhydroelectricpoweristhatnatureconstantlyrenews

thewaterthatprovidesthepower.Coalandoilarefuelsthatcanonlybeusedonce.

Notallriversareidealforgeneratingelectricity.Asuitablerivermusthaveanadequateflowofwater,andideallythere

shouldbeasteepfall.Asteepwaterfallisideal,becauseitconcentratestheenergyofgravityintoashortdistance.The

amountofwaterintheriver,moreover,shouldnotvarytoomuchfromseasontoseason.Thismeansthattheremust

beadequaterainfallthroughouttheyear.Therivermustbefairlyneartheindustrialcenterswhichwillutilizeitspower,

forthegreaterthedistancetheelectricityhastotravel,themorepoweriswasted.

1.lfyouwanttomakewaterturnawheel,youshouldkeepinmindthedifficultyto.

(A)useitdirectly

(B)carrygoodsout

(C)crossthefastflowingstreams

(D)findenoughworkers

正確答案:B,你的答案：

2.Thesteamenginesoonreplacedflowingwaterbecause.

(A)coalandoilarederivedfromthesun

(B)coalandoilarenotalwaysaccessible

(CJcoalandoilareportable

(D)coalandoilarefoundinthinly-populatedareas

正確答案:C,

3.Afterusingcoalandoilforatime,peoplefindtheadvantagesofwaterovercoalandoilas.

(A)itiseasytorecovertheinitialcapital

(B)itisascheaptousewaterastousecoalandoil

(C)itisnaturethatrenewsthewaterwithoutanycost

(D)itisdifficulttoextractandtransportcoalandoil

正確答案:C,

4.A1IofthefollowingarerequiredforanidealriverEXCEPTthat.

(A)thereshouldbeenergyofgravity

(B)thereshouldbeasteepfall

(C)therivershouldbenearindustrialcenters

(D)thereshouldbeanadequateflowofwater

正確答案:A