專業(yè)學(xué)位碩士研究生英語教程06

PAGE..unit6EmploymentPreviewInlife,wemayexperiencedifficultiesandtroubles.Losingajobmaybetheworstthingthatcouldeverhappentous.Butpersevere,andnevergiveup.Wewillprovethatwecanfindwaysbacktosuccessfulcareers.Sodon'tbeafraidtomoveonandtryyourwings.Rallyyoursupportsystem.Persevere!Firingdoesn'tmeanyourlifeisover.Itmightturnouttobethebestthingthateverhappenstoyou.PartI.TextWarm-upI.Lookingforacareeradvisor.SteponeAreyourecentlyunemployed?Consideringanewcareer?Oranewgradenteringthejobcompetition,andlookingforyourfirstjob?Orareyouanexperiencedprofessional,seekingapart-timejob?Nomatterwhereyouareinthecycleofwork,careeradvisorscanprovidevaluableguidanceandresourcestohelpyoumakeproductiveandappropriatecareerdecisions.Direction:Workinpairsorgroupstoguesswhatacareeradvisorcanhelpyou?Youcanchoosethewordsandexpressionsinthefollowingellipse:careerdevelopment/jobmarket/careercoach/careerassessment/careerexploration/jobsearching/resumewriting/interviewing/salarynegotiating/salaryinformation/careerresources/personalcriteria/qualification/polishingone'sskill/industrytrend/establishinggoals/productive/efficient/targeted/constructive/on-line/professional/valuable/appropriateStepTwoTrytobeacareeradvisor,andhelpotherstoseekajobintoday'schallengingjobmarket.Youaresupposedtogiveadviceonthefollowingaspects:·Careerassessmentandcareerexploration·Careertransitioninformation·Jobfindingtechniques·PersonalmarketingplansII. Attitudetowardajob.Acommonreasongiventodismisspeopleisthatthey"don'thavetherightattitude."Whatdoesthismean?Whatwouldbelookedatbythebossindeterminingaperson'sattitude?Whatattitudesdoyouhavewhichcouldhaveaneffectonthetypeofjobyoushoulddo?CIRCLEthosewordsthatapplytoyounow.UNDERLINEthosewordsthatyouwouldliketoapplytoyou.MyattitudetoWORKusuallyis:slack dedicated disorganized efficienteffectiveambitious industrious innovativehardworking sincerepersistent hyperactive academic responsiblepracticallazybusinesslike mature bored positiveorganized punctual reliable immature negativeadaptable positive unreliable keenMyattitudetomyWORKMATESusuallyis:cooperative cheesedoff aloof independent superiorinferior equal sympathetic racist caringthoughtful inspiring bored competitive irritableprotective helpful shy quarrelsome tolerantfriendly trusting polite moody pushyaggressive supportive sexistMyattitudetoAUTHORITYusuallyis:dependable rebellious angry subservient scaredeagertopleasestubborn loyal cautious suspicioushappy argumentative sneaky open assertivepassive aggressive tolerant proud cynicalIfyouwerefired,whatwouldyoudo?·Beingpainfulanddejected,feellikehavingacry·Feelhumiliated,andgiveupeversince.·Analyzereasonsthatleadtodismissal.·Findacareeradvisorforlandinganotherjob.·Beginanothercareerexplorationbyyourself.TextIWasFired!<fire開火<->ceasefire?；?gt;JoanHamburg1[1]Freshoutof<Havingjustgraduatedfrom>BarnardCollegeandtheSpeedwriting<速記>Institute,Iwashired<employed>asasecretarytotheeditorofCoupon〔優(yōu)待券Magazine.Tiny<small>circulation<發(fā)行量>,butarealjob.SonowIhadanincomeandanapartment<=flat公寓/住宅>inManhattan:heaven<Paradise/Eden>forayoungwomanfromasmalltownonLongIsland.[2]Like<prep.象>somanywomenofmygeneration<一代人>,Iwentstraight<directly>fromcollegetosecretarial<文秘>schooltolearnshorthand<速記>,orspeedwriting,despite<=inspiteof>thefactthatIhadalreadyco-writtenabookcalledNewYorkon$5aDay《在紐約生活一天只花5元錢》.[3]Asaformer<theformer前者,thelatter后者；theformerhusband/wife/president>lefty<left-hander左撇子,左翼分子>turnedrighty,thankstoanoverzealous<過分熱情的>teacher,Ihaddistinctly<obviously顯然>illegible<難辨認(rèn)的,字跡模糊的>handwriting<筆跡->calligraphy書法>--sobad<poorlearner差生=badstudent壞學(xué)生>thataftertakingdictation<口授/聽寫todictatealetter>,Icouldn'ttranslate<makeout看不清>it.Themagazinewas<Themagazinewasadvertise->Themagazinewasadvertisement->>advertisingdependent<靠/依賴的>,soinletterstotheheadsofmajorcorporations<公司,企業(yè)>,Iwastoldtooffer<give>themtheopportunitytoplace<put>theirads<advertisements>infourcolorsinourmagazineforthemere<only>priceof$10,000.Inadvertently<Carelessly不注意地>,thedinadsbecameans,andthepresidentofoneofthosebigcompanieswasinvitedto"havehisass<屁股>infourcolors"inourpublication<出版物>.[4]Guesswhat<whatmight/wouldhappen>?Iwasfired<dismissed>,butluckshowedherface<miracletookplace>.Theeditorwasdesperatefor[wasinbadneed<want>of急需]acopywriter<廣告撰稿人>.Iwasheadingforthedoor,dejected<sad/depressed沮喪的,灰心的>,afraidof<=feared>whatmyparentswouldthink,when<suddenly>Iheardhercallout,"You--Joan!Canyouwrite<寫作能力>betterthanyoucantype<打字>?"Isaid,"Yes,ofcourse."Acopywriterwasborn.[5]Whenthemagazinefolded<failed倒閉>,Igotachancetoaudition<interview試聽/面試>foratwo-hourdailyradioprogram<節(jié)目>onamajor<important>NewYorkstation.Toeveryone'ssurprise<n.>,Igotthejob.[6]Oneday,anew[present:<1>禮物；〔2在場的；〔3再現(xiàn)歷史事實(shí)；表演->]presence<person>arrivedatthestation,afemaleprogramdirector<節(jié)目編導(dǎo)>.Thislarge<魁梧>andformidable<強(qiáng)大的,令人敬畏的>womancametoworkeverydaywithanequallylargeandformidableGerman<sheep+herd->herdsman牧師->>shepherd<牧羊犬>.IthoughtIwasdoingagreatjob.She<thewoman,notthedog>decidedshedidn'tlikeme.WhenshecalledmeintoherofficeoneFridayafternoon,shesimply<only>said,"You'refired!"leaving<making>metowonderwhathadgonesoterriblywrong.[7]Sixmonthslater,aftercallingeveryprogramdirector<編導(dǎo)>intown,Iwenttoworkforanothermajor-marketradiostation,doingfour-minutestoriesforalow$15each.Withtwoyoungchildrenandahusbandwhowasjuststartinghisowncareer,Itookachance.[8]Today,some<=about>28yearslater,IamstillatWORRadio2withatwo-hourdailytalkshow<脫口秀/談話節(jié)目>interviewingcelebrities,authorsandpoliticians,imparting<=offering>informationtomorethanamillionlistenersaweekandlovingeveryminuteofit.[9]Iwasyoungwhenthosefiringshappened,buttheprocess[<1>工藝工序；〔2加工,e.g.wordprocessor文字編輯軟件]isstillthesame.Firingsknowno<=paynoattentionto>ageorgender.ThisisexactlywhatSherryeHenrydid.[10]Sherrye,returninghometoNewYorkCityafterasuccessfulpoliticalcareerwiththeClintonAdministration<當(dāng)局/政府>andworkingontheHill3,waslookingforwardto<期待>achangeofpace<speed/rate步伐/節(jié)奏/節(jié)律>asadevelopmentofficer<開發(fā)部經(jīng)理>foralargenonprofit.Whentheorganizationhit<=met>turbulentfinancialwater4,andshewasthelastonein,shewasthefirstoneout<最后加盟的人最先被裁員>.SaysSherrye,"Thiswasn'tthefirstjobIhadlost.Hardasitis<Althoughitisdifficult>,one<anybody/everybody>mustrememberthatthereisalwayslifeafterlosingajob."Helpfulfriends,tenacity<堅(jiān)韌>,goodluckandagoodresumegot<made>Sherryebackontrack<回到正軌,找到工作>.Withinamonth,shelanded<got>whatshecallsthemostsatisfyingjobofherlife:raisingmoney<籌集捐款>forEpiscopal<主教的,主教制度的,英國國教的>Relief<aid>andDevelopment5,whichprovidesemergency<緊急的>assistancetopeoplein40countries.[11]<Pauline<->>PaulJoneshasadifferentstory.HehadstartedatwhatisnowJPMorganChase6<摩根大通銀行>asahighschoolstudentandclimbedthroughtherankstovicepresident.His31-yearcareerendedwhenhisjobwasoutsourced<arrangeforsboutsideacompanytodoworkorprovidegoodsforthatcompany外包>toIndia.Paulwasonlyinhis40s,andalthoughtherewasnopension,hewasoffered<given>atwo-yearbuyout[全部買下〔市上產(chǎn)品].Withthechildrenoutofschool<Theirchildrenwereindependent>,heandhiswifemadeadecision:nomorecorporate<connectedwithacorporation>stress.Theywoulddotheirownthing.Paulrecentlystartedabusinessdevelopingandmarketingcognac<atypeoffinebrandymadeinwesternFrance>forthefemalemarket.Heishisownboss,andheisfilledwithanewsense<feeling>ofadventureandexcitement."Hadtheynotpushedmeout,"hesays,"Iwouldstillbetherewaitingfortheaxtofall<任人宰割>."[12]LynnSherr,ABC’s7<reward酬勞<->>award<獎(jiǎng)金>-winningtelevisioncorrespondent<通訊員>,writesinOutsidetheBox<置身事外>,herautobiography,thatshewasgainfullyemployed<高薪挖走>atWCBS-TV8inNewYorkwhen<=suddenly>someonehanded<gave>hertheearlyeditionofthePost<郵報(bào)>.Intheback,therewasastorystating<saying>thatLynnSherrwasleavingCBS9towriteabook.Thinkingthatitwasaruse<trick詭計(jì)>tokeepherinline<controlher>,shedidn'tworry,butthenhernewsdirector'sdeputycalled:"Yourcontractisnotbeingrenewed,andyouwon'tbeontheairanymore.Youcanpickupyourstuff<物品>atanytime."[13]SaysLynn,"Ifeltlikeafailure<=wretch>."Worseyet<still>,whenanunnamedexecutive<執(zhí)行編輯>wasaskedwhyhelethergo,heanswered,"Hershouldersweretoowideforacloseupshot<photo/picture近照>."[14]"Inretrospect<thinkingaboutapasteventorsituation>,"Lynnwrites,"Iwasonly32,anditdidturnout<prove證明>tobethebestthingthateverhappenedtome.ItprovedIcouldstandonmyown<liveindependently>andnotgiveup.Itwasaboutbreakingoutinordertobreakintothenextlevel<不破不立>."Shelanded<wasemployed>atABCNews,coveringpoliticalcampaigns<aseriesofplannedactivitiesthatareintendedtoachieveaparticularsocial,commercialorpoliticalaim戰(zhàn)役/運(yùn)動(dòng)/活動(dòng)>,conventions<traditions>andspecialevents.[15]Eachofthesepeoplefoundawaybacktoa<full+fill->>fulfilling<successful>career.Andtheyall<=withoutexception>learnedthatthepainandhumiliation<insult/embarrassment>aretemporary.Sodon'tbeafraidtomoveonandtryyourwings<振翅飛翔>.Rally[動(dòng)員/調(diào)動(dòng)vt.重整旗鼓;n.集會(huì)>yoursupportsystem<支援系統(tǒng)>.Persevere<vt.堅(jiān)持->Perseverance:n.>!Firingdoesn'tmeanyourlifeisover<人生到了盡頭>.Itmightturnout<prove>tobethebestthingthateverhappenedtoyou.Notes1.JoanHamburg:BornonAugust12,1935,sheisaradiopersonality<person人->personal個(gè)人的->personnel人事>onWORradiostationinNewYorksincetheearly1970s.Hamburgisextremelyfamous,andshow-business-conscious<奇才>,andnowbills<lists>herselfas"America'sforemost<mostimportant>shopperandcelebrityinterviewer<host主持人>."2.WORRadio:WORisaclassA<一流的>radiostationlocatedinNewYorkCity,operatingon710kHz.Thestationhasatalkformat<style風(fēng)格>andhasconservative<保守的>,orright<右翼的>ofcenterhosts.3.theHill<->Hilly多丘陵的>:theCapitalHill<國會(huì)山>,whichreferstotheUnitedStatesCongress.4.<finance->>financialwater:financialcrisis.5.EpiscopalReliefandDevelopment:TheworldwidereliefagencyoftheEpiscopalChurchwhichprovidesmoneyandresourcesintimesofemergency<緊急情況>ordisaster<災(zāi)難>.Itreachesmorethan2millionpeopleinover40countries.英國國教會(huì)〔ChurchofEngland,也稱為安立甘宗或圣公宗,是基督新教的一個(gè)教派,與信義宗、歸正宗同屬基督新教三大主流教派。由英國國王亨利八世創(chuàng)始并作為當(dāng)時(shí)英國的國教,由英國國王擔(dān)任教會(huì)最高首腦。"安立甘"就是英文"Anglican"〔英國的的音譯。普世華人基督徒使用圣公會(huì)為公用名稱。但是,圣公宗到了美國之后,英文名稱卻改為"TheEpiscopalChurch"。"Episcopal"意思為主教制的教會(huì)。6.<JPMorgan與ChaseManhattan合并的>JPMorganChase<摩根大通銀行>:JPMorganChase&Co.Itisaleadingglobalfinancialservicesfirmwithassetsof$2trillionandoperationsinmorethan60countries.7.ABC:theabbreviationofanAmericantelevisionnetworkAmericanBroadcastCompany<美國廣播公司>,oneoftelevision'soriginal"bigthree",whichalsoincludeNBCandCBS.8.WCBS-TV:theflagshipstationoftheCBStelevisionnetwork,locatedinNewYorkCityandownedbyCBSCorporation.9.CBS:abbreviationofthenetwork'sformername,ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem哥倫比亞廣播公司.WordBankass:n. hip<top<->bottom<->margin>臀部;hip-shoot莽撞<audio-:與聽力有關(guān)->>audition<interview:n./vt.->interviewer<->interviewee;trainer教練<->trainee受訓(xùn)者;addresser演講人<->addressee聽眾>；employer雇主<->employee雇員>:v.totakepartinatrialperformance試演,試播[hand<push>cart->carriage/coach;auto-:自動(dòng)-><auto+mobile->>automobile汽車;alto>autobiography:n. thebiographywrittenbythatperson自傳buyout:n.theentirepurchase全部買下campaign:n. seriesofoperations運(yùn)動(dòng)/movement<celebrate->>celebrity:n. afamousperson名人<circle園->cycle周期->recycle回收->circulate->>circulation:n. thenumberofcopiesofapublication發(fā)行量;public:<1>adj.~property;<2>n.,e.g.inpublic公開地；publicate=publish出版cognac:n. abrandyproducedinthevicinityofcognac一種法國白蘭地convention:n. <1>aformalmeeting會(huì)議;制度->conventional:adj.traditional傳統(tǒng)的copywriter:n. onewhowritescopy,especiallyforadvertising廣告<文案>撰稿人；copier復(fù)印機(jī);copyright版權(quán)<co+operate->>corporate<->corporation協(xié)作>:adj. ofacompany公司的;studentversion學(xué)生版;homeversion,professionalversion,corporateversion企業(yè)版corporation:n. acompanyasaseparatelegalentity公司,法人[de-：<1>向下;<2>加強(qiáng)]dejected:adj. beinginlow<high>spirits;depressed垂頭喪氣的,情緒低落的;theGreatDepression大蕭條[monitor:<1>n.班長/監(jiān)視器；〔2監(jiān)控]deputy:n.anassistantofauthorityforthesuperior副手[despair:<1>n.;<2>vi.->]desperate:adj. losingallhope;despairing絕望的fold:v.tofail失敗formidable:adj. fearful;frightening可怕的,難對付的;befrightenedbesth.<humiliate->>humiliation:n.degradation羞辱illegible:adj.notlegible;unclear模糊的,難辨的inadvertently:adv.<attention注意力>notattentively;carelessly未留心地,疏忽地nonprofit:adj. notseekingprofits非盈利的;profitfromsth.從中獲利；profitsb.對…有利outsource:v. tosubcontract外包overzealous:adj. excessivelyenthusiastic<->enthusiasm>過分熱情的pension:n.asumofmoneypaidregularlyasaretirementbenefit退休金,撫恤金<per-:through;severe:adj.激烈,e.g.~competition激烈的競爭>persevere:v. persist;holdon堅(jiān)持不懈publication:n. anissueofprintedmaterialforsaleordistribution出版物rally:v.toreassemble;torestore,torouseortorevive重整,重振；assemble組裝->assemblyline裝配流水線retrospect:n. areview回顧評論;PekingReview北京周報(bào)ruse:<=trick>n. astrategy<->strategicmissile戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)彈>詭計(jì),計(jì)策;<secret:n.->secretary->>secretarial:adj.ofthesecretary秘書的shorthand:n.asystemofrapidhandwriting速記;beshortofsth.短缺speedwriting:n. aformofshorthandthatusesletters速記法temporary<->temporarily暫時(shí)地>:adj. lastingforalimitedtime暫時(shí)的tenacity:n.perseverance堅(jiān)韌<turbine渦輪->>turbulent:adj. restless;violent騷動(dòng)的,動(dòng)蕩的PhrasesandExpressionsbeontheair:tobroadcast廣播[Onair]headfor<makefor/gotosomewhere>:toproceedfor動(dòng)身,前往keepsb.inline:tocontrolsb.控制某人standonsb'sown<=self-rely>:tobeindependentandresponsibleforoneself獨(dú)立,自立thanksto:onaccountof;becauseof因?yàn)?由于ReadingComprehensionChoosethebestforeachofthefollowing.1.Rightaftergraduation,theauthor A.workedasaneditorofamagazineB.co-wroteabookC.workedinabroadcastingcompanyD.becameasecretary2.Whywastheauthorfired?A.Becauseshehadillegiblehandwriting.B.Becauseshehadtheassofthecompanyheadsinfourcolors.C.Becauseshemadeamistakewhenwritingletterstotheheadsofmajorcorporations.D.Becausetheeditordidn'tlikeher.3.SherryeHenrylostthejobbecause A.theorganizationhadfinancialtroublesB.sheworkedforClintonAdministrationC.shewasthelastoneinD.shewasafemale4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutLynnSherr?A.ShewasABC'saward-winningtelevisioncorrespondent.B.ShewasgainfullyemployedatWCBS-TVC.ShewasfiredbyWCBS.D.Shehasneverbeenontheair.5.Whatdoestheauthorhopetoconveyinthearticle?A.Iffired,don'tgiveup,andyouwillfindafulfillingcareer.B.Iffired,youshouldfindawayback.C.Iffired,yourwingswillhelpyou.D.Losingajobisthebiggesttroubleinone'slife.II.Completethefollowingsummaryofthetextbyfillingintheblankswithwords.Theinitialletterofeachwordhasbeengiventoyou.<1>FreshoutofBarnardCollegeandtheSpeedwritingInstitute<Department>,Iwasluckyenoughtofindajobasa<2>secretarytotheeditorofCouponMagazinewhichwasadvertisingdependent.Ihaddistinctlyillegiblehandwriting.Inalettertooneoftheheadsofamajorcorporation,I<3>mistakenlywrotethedinadsasans.Thepresidentwhowasinvitedreceivedtheletterto"havehisassinfourcolors"inour<4>publication.Iwasfired,butluckyenoughtobecomethe<5>copywriteroftheeditor.Firingshappenedlaterinmylife.Butwithpersistence,Igainedmysuccess.<6>SimilarexperienceshappenedtoSherryeHenry,PaulJones,andLynnSherr.Allofthemchoseto<7>persevereandtheyfinallyfoundwaysbacktoa<8>fulfillingcareer.Andtheyalllearnedthatthepainandhumiliationwere<9>temporary.Sodon'tbeafraidtomoveonandtryyour<10>wingsVocabularyI.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentence.1._____youradvice<->advise>,muchtroublewasavoided.A.Thanksto B.Supposesto C.Since D.Despite2.Shewas_____in<pursue->>pursuit<lawsuit訴訟案>ofhersingingstar.Shefollowedhimonmostoccasions.A.excessive過度的B.spontaneous同時(shí)/及時(shí)的C.overzealous D.accessible可得到的3.Canyouseewhatthisnotesays--itswritingisalmost_____.A.illegibleB.illegalC.obvious D.understandable4.Bytheway,I_____reallymustcorrectafalseimpressionthatIgavejustnowA.attentively關(guān)切地B.inadvertently=carelessly<不注意的,疏忽的,無意中做的>C.intentionally=onpurpose故意地D.insensibly不明智地5.Themagazinehasceased<#stopped;ceasefire#stopfire>_____inthefinancialcrisis.A.publicity<n.宣傳->publicize:vt.>B.<promote->加薪/晉級->>promotion C.publication<n.>D.<prominent卓越的,顯著的,突出的->>prominence<n.>6.Grandpa,whowasbornatthedawn<n./vi.黎明>oflastcentury,experiencedoneofthemost_____periodsofhistory.A.<turbine->>turbulent B.practical實(shí)用的C.legendary<adj.>富有傳奇色彩的;leonovoD.perfect完美無缺的7.Historyshowsuswithwhat_____thehumanracesurvives.A.difficulty B.tenacity堅(jiān)韌不拔C.trouble<n./vt.>D.[find->found->found;found->founded->founded->]foundation<基礎(chǔ)>8.Prisonersarepurposefullyand_____occupied<busy>,thusreducing<減少>theriskofunrest<騷動(dòng)>.Italsohelpsthemdevelop<養(yǎng)成>thehabitofdoingmeaningfulwork.A.pleasantly<令人愉快地>B.adversely<不利的,敵對的,相反的>C.<destructively<->>constructively建設(shè)性地D.gainfully有益9.One'sschoollifeseems<happy->>happierin_____thanitreallywas<比實(shí)際情況好>.A.retrospect B.respect <n./vt.>C.<solve->solution->solvent溶劑->resolve下決心->>resolution決心D.<resist->>resistance抵制10.Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertopursuethe _____forthesenate<參議院->senator參議員>.A.operation B.campaign C.<war->>battle戰(zhàn)役D.movement運(yùn)動(dòng)II.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.persevere rally temporary standonone'sowncelebrityhumiliationconvention beontheairfoldtenacityheadfor desperate impart deject campaign1.Theyaredeterminedto<=decidetodo>persevereinthefightnomatterhowhard<=difficult>itis.2.Afternegotiation,theyjustreachedatemporaryagreement.3.Thatprogram hasbeenontheairfor10years.4.Heistheonewhoneverfolds<fails/bendsin/givesin屈服于壓力>underpressure.5.Hesuffered<蒙受經(jīng)濟(jì)損失/遭受精神折磨,~fromanillness/greatlossofmoney>thehumiliationofbeingforcedtoresign<辭職>.6.Afterthefootballgame,theplayers<=sportsmen/athletes>headedforthebus.7.Attherecentconvention<meeting/conference>,theDemocraticPartyhaselecteditspresidential<candle->>candidates<候選人>.8.Theymadeadesperateattempt<try孤注一擲>tosavethecompanyfrombankruptcy[->bankrupt破產(chǎn)的;preventsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事]9.Inthelong<hike->>hiking<長途跋涉>,theypausedtorefresh<relax>themselvesandrally<重整旗鼓>theirstrength.10.Ateacher'saimistoimpart<傳授convey>knowledge. TranslationPutthefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.Sherrye,returninghometoNewYorkCityafterasuccessfulpoliticalcareerwiththeClintonAdministrationandworkingontheHill,waslookingforwardtoachangeofpaceasadevelopmentofficerforalargenonprofit.Whentheorganizationhitturbulentfinancialwater,andshewasthelastonein,shewasthefirstoneout.Eachofthesepeoplefoundawaybacktoafulfillingcareer.Andtheyalllearnedthatthepainandhumiliationaretemporary.Sodon'tbeafraidtomoveonandtryyourwings.Rallyyoursupportsystem.Persevere!Firingdoesn'tmeanyourlifeisover.Itmightturnouttobethebestthingthateverhappenedtoyou.參考譯文：雪莉成功地在克林頓政府任職,在國會(huì)山工作之后回到家鄉(xiāng)紐約市,在一家大型非營利機(jī)構(gòu)做開發(fā)主管,她期望以此放緩工作節(jié)奏。在這家機(jī)構(gòu)遭遇金融風(fēng)暴時(shí),她是最后進(jìn)公司,最早被解雇的。這些人都重新找到了成功的職業(yè)。他們都認(rèn)識(shí)到痛苦和屈辱只是暫時(shí)的。因此不要害怕往前行,重新開始。重整旗鼓,堅(jiān)持不懈！被解雇并不意味著你的生活就此結(jié)束,這也許會(huì)變成發(fā)生在你身上的最好的事情。II.ReadingforAmusementFacingthemostdifficultjobmarketindecades,jobseekersareoftenadvisedtostandoutamongthecompetitionbyusingcreativeandunconventionaltacticstograbanemployer'sattention.VinhNguyen,30,isagreatexampleofsomeonewhodidn'twanttofallpreytothesamefateasotherunsuccessfulapplicants梑utwhostoodoutinagoodway.CareerTiger,aservicethathelpspeoplefindajobthroughuniqueandunconventionalmethods,helpedNguyencomeupwiththistactic:Whenaskedaquestionduringaninterviewwithahealth-careITcompany,hesurprisedhisinterviewersbypullingoutawhiteboard,writingdownhisthoughtprocessandtakingcontroloftheinterview."Differentiatingyourselffromyourcompetitionmakessense.Theideaistoshowthatyouareathoughtleaderinyourareaandthatyourknowledgeisvaluable,"Nguyensays."Itwasawkwardatfirst,butbreakingawayfromthenormwillpayoffaslongasyouputintheworkbeforehandresearching."Heendedupgettingthejob,whereheisstillworkingasaprojectmanager."Rememberthatnomatterthetacticyouusetotryandgaintheattentionofahiringmanager,attheendofthedaythey'restillgoingtohirethepersonwhotheyfeelcandothejobbest,"GregMasiewich,managerofmarketingandonlinecommunicationsforIQPartnersInc.,says,"anout-of-the-boxtacticmightgetyouaninterview,butit'sstilluptoyoutoshowyou'renotonlydetermined,butalsothebestpersonforthejob."Vocabularydifferentiate v.grab:v.out-of-the-box adj.prey:n.tactics:n.unconventional :adj.whiteboard:n.III．Grammar非謂語動(dòng)詞<二>——?jiǎng)用~動(dòng)名詞<theGerund>也是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式,由"動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成,其否定形式是"not+動(dòng)名詞"。動(dòng)名詞兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特征和作用。一、語法功能1作主語。<1>Havingseenalotoftheworldinone’syouthisagoodthing<2>Hiscomingherewillbeagreathelptoallofus<帶邏輯主語>2作表語。<1>Hispart-timeJobispromotingnewproductsforthecompany．<2>Denyingthiswillbeshuttingone’seyestofacts3作定語。<1>Hemaybeinthereadingroom,foralllknow．<2>Thisisashopdealinginwalkingsticks4作狀語。<1>Afterdeliveringthepresentation,heleftmutely<時(shí)間狀語><2>Theywenttothefrontbyridingatrunk<^式狀語>5作賓語<只能J+J動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：abandon,acknowledge,admitadviseavoid,consider,confirm,delay,deny,detest,enjoy,escape,envy,excuse,finish,fancy,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,postpone,practise,prevent,propose,quit,recall,recommend,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate等>。<1>Thesuspectdeniedturningoffthecomputerintheofficethatnight<2>Pleaseforgivemyinterrupting<3>Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittleplease?二、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1.同的完成時(shí)：動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)同的動(dòng)作之前。<1>Iregretnothavingconsideredyouradviceseriously,<2>Hedoesn’tmindhavingbeencriticized2.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作的對象時(shí),用被動(dòng)式。<1>Hewillgetangryatbeingoffended<2>Respectingothersmeansbeingrespected三、動(dòng)名詞的使用要點(diǎn)1當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞在need,want,deserve,repay,require,bear,take,brook,stand等動(dòng)詞或形容詞worth后面．用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。<1>Hecan’tbrookinterfering<2>Thenovelisworthreadingcarefully2動(dòng)名詞的常見結(jié)構(gòu)。neverwithoutdoing每...必ondoing一...就Itisnousedoingsth...是沒有用的farfromdoing一點(diǎn)也不belongindoingsth干某事很慢makeapointofdoingsth認(rèn)為必要bethroughwithdoingsth做完某事beonthepointofdoingsth正要做某事Whatdoyousaytodoing以為...如何?come<go>neartodoing幾乎要...ExercisePuttheverbsinbracketsintoappropriateverbforms.1.Yououghtto<=should><post->post-office郵局>postpone<=putsth.offuntil…>leaving<leave>hereuntilnextweek,since<for/as>theaudiencesaresoenthusiastic.2.Manypeoplefavor<=like>building<build>morenuclearpowerplant[<1>n.植物;<2>vt..種植;<3>工廠,e.g.power~發(fā)電廠機(jī)械廠;factory;mill紡織廠].3.Hecomes<is>fromabigcity,sohehastrouble<whenheis>finding<find>theobscure<模糊/晦澀的>paththroughforest.[hastroubledoingsth.做某事有困難]4.Markoftenattempts<tries>toescapebeingfined<fine>wheneverhebreakstraffic<regulate->>regulation<交規(guī)>.5.Although<hewas>ateenager,Fredcouldresistbeingtold<tell>whattodoandwhatnottodo.6.Whatalovelyparty<itis>!It'sworthremembering<remember>allmylife.[beworthdoing=beworthyofdoing值得一做]7.Severalofourcustomerscomplain<vt.->complaint:n.>ofhavingbeentreated<treat>veryrudely.8.Rememberthatbidding<出價(jià)>online[<1>adj.;<2>adv.;]isthesameasentering<enter>intoacontractwiththeseller.9.Theboiling<boil>pointofanyliquidisdeterminedbythepressureofthe[sur-:<1>在外圍;<2>在上方]surroundinggases.[solid->liquid->gas/petroleum<英>=gas/gasoline<美>汽油]10.Itisnogood<use><whensb.is>crying<cry>oversplitmilk.覆水難收.Translation減詞法<一>減詞,簡單地說就是指在譯文表達(dá)中省去原文多余的詞。其目的就是保證譯文簡潔明快、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)精練一反之,若過分拘泥于形式或字面上的"等值"．譯文反而會(huì)累贅或違背譯文語言習(xí)慣。本章我們主要從語法結(jié)構(gòu)人手,來討論減詞法在翻譯實(shí)踐中的運(yùn)用。一、省譯英語結(jié)構(gòu)上必須的、但是漢語語法上不必要的詞英語中大量使用虛詞<formwords>來保證句子的結(jié)構(gòu)完整和通暢。但是很多虛詞往往只是在語法上起到作用而沒有實(shí)際意義,如冠詞、介詞、助詞等：因此在翻譯過程中．往往省譯虛詞。<一>省譯冠詞英語中冠詞沒有獨(dú)立的詞匯意義,需要附著在其他詞匯前起到限定或輔助說明的作用。而我們漢語并沒有這類詞匯。因此在翻譯中通常都會(huì)將之省略掉。例如：1Withanequationwecanworkwithaunknown.利用方程．我們可以求解未知量。<兩個(gè)不定冠詞柚均省譯>2Anysubstanceismadeupofatomswhetheritisasolid,aliquid．Oragas任何物質(zhì),無論它是固體、液體或氣體．都是由原予構(gòu)成的．3Iamnotapoet；Icouldnotwriteasinglelinetodepictsbeauty我不是詩人；我寫不出一行詩來描繪它的美麗。<二>省譯介詞在漢語中,詞與詞之間的關(guān)系主要是通過詞語在句子中的順序來區(qū)分的。因此．英譯漢時(shí),介詞除轉(zhuǎn)譯為漢語動(dòng)詞等詞類外．省譯的情況較為多見。例如：1.Thismachineisingoodcondition這臺(tái)機(jī)器狀況良好。2.Therearemanykindsofbacteriawhichvaryinshapeandinsize.細(xì)菌有許多種,形狀和大小各不相同。3Heremainedsilentwithhisheaddownallthetime他始終低著頭一言不發(fā)。<三>省譯連詞在英語中,詞與詞、句與句的關(guān)系主要是靠連詞來連接,而漢語句子一般是按時(shí)間順序和邏輯關(guān)系排列的,語序固定,各成分之間的關(guān)系比較清楚．英譯漢時(shí),往往省譯連詞,有時(shí)為求句子精練,必須省譯連詞。1.省譯并列連詞<1>PurewaterfreezesatooCandboilsatl00。Cunderstandardpressure.在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣壓下,純水在撮氏零度時(shí)凝固．在撮氏l00度時(shí)沸騰。<2>Suchissuesascleanair,purewaterandfreedomfromthenoisepollutionwerenotimportantpublicconcerns當(dāng)時(shí),諸如空氣清新、水質(zhì)潔凈、無噪聲污染之類的問題,都不是公眾所關(guān)心的焦點(diǎn)所在。<3>Irememberwhere